EP1321999A1 - Réflecteur à surface formée et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques,et méthode pour la détermination de la surface - Google Patents

Réflecteur à surface formée et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques,et méthode pour la détermination de la surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1321999A1
EP1321999A1 EP03005032A EP03005032A EP1321999A1 EP 1321999 A1 EP1321999 A1 EP 1321999A1 EP 03005032 A EP03005032 A EP 03005032A EP 03005032 A EP03005032 A EP 03005032A EP 1321999 A1 EP1321999 A1 EP 1321999A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
focus
foci
group
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP03005032A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Ratkorn
Michael Trümper
Christian Hunscher
Robert Sekora
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus DS GmbH
Original Assignee
Astrium GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Astrium GmbH filed Critical Astrium GmbH
Publication of EP1321999A1 publication Critical patent/EP1321999A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/147—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures provided with means for controlling or monitoring the shape of the reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
    • H01Q19/195—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reflector for electromagnetic waves with a specially shaped surface.
  • Such reflectors with shaped surfaces are already known from the prior art.
  • EP 0 920 076 describes an antenna system with a shaped reflector Surface, two bundles of rays emanating from separate emitters, be focused on two different illumination areas.
  • EP 0 915 529 describes the possibility of using a reflector Shaped surface consisting of several beams of several emitters, which over a suitable distribution network can be interconnected, a single beam to shape, which is directed to a footprint.
  • US 4,298,877 describes a reflector with a shaped surface, which is used to focus two beams on two different receivers (satellites).
  • US 5,684,494 suggests focusing separate beams of different ones Polarization by a reflector arrangement of two reflectors in front, wherein each of the reflectors is designed as a grating reflector and only for one of the polarization directions is effective.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a possibility which decouples bidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves maximum transferable amount of data allowed.
  • the surface of the reflector has a local shape on, which is designed such that the reflector spatially at least one group has separate foci and beams emanating from this group of foci be directed through the reflector to a common illumination area.
  • the reflector can also have several groups of foci, each of which beam of rays emanating from a group of foci through the reflector be directed to a common footprint. It can be in the footprint a focus on a common illumination point, e.g. a remote receiving antenna, but it can also be the beams in the Illumination area have a certain, overlapping extent that largely the shape of the illuminated area, for example part of the earth's surface, can be adjusted.
  • the reverse beam direction i.e.
  • a frequency selective Effect of the reflector provided, i.e. that there is a different spatial Position of the foci for different frequencies or frequency bands or the spatial separation of the foci at different frequencies or Frequency bands amplified. It will continue to be that of a group of Focus outgoing beams through the reflector onto a common illumination area directed, but in the opposite direction occurs per frequency or frequency band just a focus on one of the foci. A recipient for a certain frequency or a certain frequency band is therefore in the corresponding focus.
  • the reflector can be used on the one hand Beam bundles emanating from a transmitter in a focus on the coverage area to direct, on the other hand, beams from the footprint going to aim at a recipient in one of the foci.
  • Such stations and In the following, receivers will generally be referred to as radiators.
  • Beams emanating from each radiator arranged in one of the foci are directed towards the illuminated area by the reflector. opposed directed beams are focused on all foci. It can now transmitting emitters also act as receivers at the same time. More spotlights in the other foci should then be operated on a different frequency. Of the The beam focused on the focus is also received by other emitters however, as the actual recipient, it hardly affects this other radiators, because on the one hand frequency-specific tuning of the Emitter and, on the other hand, the power received is usually far below that Transmitting power of the radiators is.
  • a spotlight is arranged in a focus, which only as a transmitter on a certain frequency or in a certain Frequency band acts while another radiator is arranged in a different focus is just a receiver for another frequency or another Frequency band works.
  • a received beam is transmitted through the frequency selective The effect of the reflector is then only focused on the receiver.
  • the individual electromagnetic beams have different polarization.
  • a further decoupling is provided.
  • those assigned to the different foci Beam bundles have identical polarization directions.
  • An inventive Reflector thus has the advantage that for a decoupled transmission only one electromagnetic wave with any polarization direction Reflector is needed.
  • the arrangement according to the invention thus has a greater simplicity and effectiveness than the state of the art.
  • the shaped surface of the reflector can now be designed such that the Reflector only has two foci, so that electromagnetic beams, for example Beams of different frequency or frequency bands from go out two spatially separate emitters, which are arranged in the foci are aimed at a common footprint.
  • electromagnetic beams for example Beams of different frequency or frequency bands from go out two spatially separate emitters, which are arranged in the foci are aimed at a common footprint.
  • the adjustment of the In this case, the reflector structure therefore only takes place on two radiation sources.
  • the surface shape of the reflector can also be adapted that the reflector has more than two foci, so that more than just two Spotlights can be used, whose beams focus on corresponding illuminated areas be focused.
  • Several groups can be spatially separated Spotlights can be provided, the surface shaping of the reflector being designed in this way is that the emitters spatially separated from a first group electromagnetic beams, for example with different frequencies or frequency bands, focused on a first common illumination area and that of a second or possibly another group spatially separate radiator emitting electromagnetic beams on a second common area to be focused.
  • Each of the individual groups can include two or more radiators.
  • the individual spotlights one Group with each other can, for example, each with a different frequency or frequency bands are operated, however, the individual Frequencies or frequency bands can be used in parallel in all groups. It can of course also the same frequencies for several within a group Spotlights are used, as already described above.
  • the reflector can have individual surface areas that each for a footprint and possibly also for a frequency or a frequency band are effective.
  • the entire reflector surface does not have to be like this be designed so that they as a whole have the desired focusing effect for the single beam. This is not necessarily a complete one Illumination of the entire reflector by the individual beams is required. Rather, the illumination can be based on a specific coverage area and optionally for a specific frequency or a specific frequency band effective surface areas are limited. This enables one further optimization of the reflector surface for the individual frequencies or illuminated areas.
  • the reflector can furthermore have surface areas which are to be achieved serve an isolation effect in areas that are adjacent to the illuminated areas are.
  • Such an insulation effect serves to largely illuminate to be reduced to the individual illuminated areas and in the vicinity of the Illumination areas, in particular also between the illumination areas, possibly disturbing Scatter illuminations, e.g. by side lobes or cross polar portions of the Beams to be largely reduced.
  • This also allows certain, the coverage areas neighboring areas where illumination in any case should be avoided, hidden.
  • separate areas of the reflector surface are provided, so these can largely independent of the other surface areas of the reflector can be optimized to achieve the desired effect in the most ideal way.
  • surface areas can also be used for this purpose, the same for neighboring lighting areas and possibly others Frequencies or frequency bands are effective.
  • the surface shape of the reflector can, for example, be designed such that the surface of the reflector forms a plane or curved surface, wherein a local fine structure of elevations and depressions is superimposed on this surface is.
  • the reflection effect of the reflector is thus on the one hand due to the global Shape of the reflector surface (flat or curved) determined, on the other hand can the reflective effect with regard to the illuminated areas or isolation areas, if necessary, also for the individual frequencies or frequency bands, adapted or optimized by the local shape of the reflector surface become.
  • the local shape of the reflector surface can be similar to that of a fractal Structure, several levels of fine structures of different sizes respectively.
  • the global surface structure is thus a first local surface structure superimposed on a first, smaller order of magnitude, which in turn is one second local surface structure, again with a smaller order of magnitude is.
  • Other levels of local structures can be overlaid, each with decreasing orders of magnitude.
  • the present invention is applicable to an antenna system which has an inventive Has reflector with a molded surface.
  • At least one group of first and second radiators is provided for the antenna system.
  • the first radiators in a group are spatially separated from the second Spotlights arranged.
  • the first and second spotlights are each in one focus of the reflector arranged so that outgoing from the first and second radiators first and second beams directed towards a common illumination area become.
  • the first emitter acts as a transmitter, the second emitter as Receiver. This gives you an antenna system that easily decoupled, bidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves allowed.
  • the first radiator for Beams designed with a first frequency or a first frequency band is and the second emitter for beams with a second, from the first Frequency different frequency, or a second, from the first frequency band different frequency band.
  • One application for this is, for example the use of such an antenna system in communications engineering, a first frequency or a first frequency band for the transmission direction, a second frequency or a second frequency band for the direction of reception is used.
  • each of the first and second radiators and the Structuring the surface of the reflector are designed so that each of the Spotlight illuminates the entire illuminated area. It is therefore a simplified one Arrangement provided that only one spotlight for the coverage area Transmission direction, especially for a certain frequency or a certain one Frequency band, and only provides another radiator as a receiver, in particular for another frequency or another frequency band. in principle Of course, more than two emitters can also be provided, in particular it can be provided that each of the radiators for one of the others Emitters of different frequency or different frequency band is.
  • Multiple groups of individual radiators can also be used in the antenna system be provided.
  • the individual radiators can in turn for different frequencies or frequency bands be designed.
  • at least a second group of Spotlights are provided, the beam of which is aimed at a second illumination area that is different from the first footprint.
  • Even the spotlights of the second group can be designed for different frequencies or frequency bands be, the individual groups the same frequencies or frequency bands to be able to use.
  • a method for determining the surface structure of a reflector at least has a group of spatially separate foci, which of a group electromagnetic rays emanating from Foki through the reflector a common coverage area is described below.
  • the method can, for example, in the form of a simulation using a Computer program or by repeated mechanical deformation of a Reflector.
  • a global surface structure for the reflector for example parabolically curved
  • the reflective effect of the reflector determines the reflective effect of the reflector.
  • a first local variation of the reflector surface with a first, still relatively coarse order of magnitude i.e. by Formation of elevations and deepenings on the global structure of the reflector, modified the reflective effect of the reflector so that for the position the individual emitters have a rough directivity whose beam on the desired coverage area takes place, i.e. it will be in a first, rough step the aim is to form spatially separate foci at the location of the emitters.
  • the optimization takes place such that the directivity of the beams emanating from the emitters the common footprint is improved, i.e. the training spatially separate focus is optimized at the location of the spotlights.
  • This local structuring of the reflector surface can, if necessary, in other Steps are continued iteratively, each with a finer size of the structures to get the best possible result. You get a kind fractal structure of the reflector surface with different structures in different orders of magnitude.
  • the spatial position can also be used in the aforementioned optimization steps the radiator and its orientation, i.e. its angle to each other and to the reflector, can be varied, whereby the position and size of the illuminated by the spotlight Range of the reflector can be varied. This can ensure be that in any case a global optimum for the individual optimization steps Is found.
  • Fig. 1 shows an antenna system with a reflector according to the invention as it can be used in telecommunications and, for example, in a ground station or a communication satellite can be integrated.
  • the antenna system has a reflector with a shaped surface 1.
  • a Group 2 of radiators 4a, 4b is arranged so that it is the reflector in the case of transmission 1 at least partially illuminated.
  • the radiators 4a, 4b are for each other different frequencies or frequency bands. Also are the radiators 4a, 4b are arranged spatially separated from one another.
  • the radiators 4a, 4b are arranged in two foci 10a, 10b of the reflector 1, so that the radiators 4a, 4b outgoing beams 5a, 5b, which emanate from the surface of the reflector 1 can be reflected on a common illumination area 3.
  • This Illumination area 3 can, for example, be used when using the antenna system in a communication satellite on the surface of the earth.
  • the radiator 4a should work as a transmitter
  • the radiator 4b should work as a transmitter
  • the associated beam 5b does not run from the radiator 4b in this case to footprint 3, but in the opposite direction.
  • the reflector 1 is frequency-selective by appropriate local shaping of the surface Reflector designed so that from the illumination area 3 outgoing beams 5b is focused only in that focus 10b in which the radiator 4b is arranged is.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the illumination of the surface 9 of the reflector with a shaped Surface 1 by several emitters.
  • the first group 2 of spotlights sends the beam 5a and receives the beam 5b, the two Beams 5a, 5b different frequencies or frequency bands respectively.
  • the second group 20 of emitters sends the beam 50a and receives the beam 50b, which in turn are different from one another Have frequencies or frequency bands.
  • beams 5a, 5b, 50a, 50b of the two groups 2, 20 of radiators have the same frequencies as one another or have frequency bands.
  • the beam 5a have the same frequency or frequency band as that Beam 50a. The same applies to the two beams 5b and 50b.
  • the individual beams can have any polarization.
  • the steel bundles 5a, 5b can have the same polarization, without this affecting the functionality of the system.
  • the two groups of radiators 2, 20 are relative to the reflector 1 or arranged to the surface 9 that each of the radiators 4a, 4b, 40a, 40b in Transmit mainly a certain surface area 6a, 6b, 60a, 60b of the reflector illuminates.
  • Each of these surface areas 6a, 6b, 60a, 60b is thus almost exclusively for a certain footprint 3a, 3b and for one certain frequency or a certain frequency band effective. In case of reverse beam direction, this applies accordingly since the two beam directions are influenced accordingly by the reflector, i.e. it is a reciprocal behavior.
  • Fig. 3 again illustrates the shape of the reflector surface.
  • the reflector surface has a global shape, in the case according to FIG. 1 a slightly parabolic curved surface.
  • the reflector surface has 9 a local shape based on local elevations and depressions different orders of magnitude. There are coarser surveys and depressions with a first order of magnitude further, finer elevations and depressions overlaid, which have a smaller order of magnitude. These local surveys and in-depths can be found in particular in the Structural areas 6a, 6b, 60a, 60b, which for the individual illuminated areas 3a, 3b or the associated frequencies or frequency bands are effective.
  • FIG. 3 shows an additional structural region 7 of the reflector surface 9, through which the generation of a separate isolation area 8 is effected can.
  • This isolation area is used to shade part of the Earth surface 12, as is clear from FIG. 4.
  • the structure area serves 6a, the beam 5a onto the associated illumination area 3a to judge, which is also shown in Fig. 4.
  • the structure area 6b serves the beam 5b emanating from the associated illumination area 3a, to focus on the radiator 4b in focus 10b.
  • the structure areas serve analogously 60a and 60b, the beams 50a onto the second illumination area 3b or the steel bundle 50b to be directed to the radiator 60b.
  • a further insulation effect is necessary to ensure that the beam is directed onto the illuminated areas 3a and 3b are directed, practically only the respective illumination area illuminate and do not reach into the neighboring illuminated area, in which could cause interference.
  • This isolation can also by a corresponding adaptation of the reflector surface, as already above described, can be achieved.
  • the illumination becomes of the illumination area 3a achieved by the reflector regions 6a, 6b, and exists the risk that stray radiation also reaches the illumination area 3b can e.g.
  • the reflector regions 60a, 60b in addition to their effect described above be adjusted so that stray radiation impinging on the reflector 1 of the beam 5a, which reaches the reflector regions 60a, 60b, through this is directed onto the illumination area 3b in such a way that it is scattered with the scattered radiation, that falls from the reflector areas 6a, 6b onto the illuminated area 3b, destructively interferes and so the effective scattered radiation in the illuminated area 3b practically becomes zero.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP03005032A 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface formée et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques,et méthode pour la détermination de la surface Ceased EP1321999A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19945062 1999-09-20
DE19945062A DE19945062A1 (de) 1999-09-20 1999-09-20 Reflektor mit geformter Oberfläche und räumlich getrennten Foki zur Ausleuchtung identischer Gebiete, Antennensystem und Verfahren zur Oberflächenermittlung
EP00118245A EP1085598A3 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface déformable et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques, système d'antenne et méthode pour la détermination de la surface

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00118245A Division EP1085598A3 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface déformable et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques, système d'antenne et méthode pour la détermination de la surface

Publications (1)

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EP1321999A1 true EP1321999A1 (fr) 2003-06-25

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EP03005032A Ceased EP1321999A1 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface formée et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques,et méthode pour la détermination de la surface
EP00118245A Ceased EP1085598A3 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface déformable et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques, système d'antenne et méthode pour la détermination de la surface

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00118245A Ceased EP1085598A3 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-04 Réflecteur à surface déformable et à foyers spatialement séparés pour l'illumination de territoires identiques, système d'antenne et méthode pour la détermination de la surface

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6255997B1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1321999A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5220966B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1289158A (fr)
CA (1) CA2317388C (fr)
DE (1) DE19945062A1 (fr)

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WO2007100865A2 (fr) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-07 The Boeing Company Réflecteurs à mailles déployables de forme arbitraire

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FR2888674B1 (fr) * 2005-07-13 2009-10-23 Alcatel Sa Antenne reseau a reflecteur(s) conforme(s), a forte reconfigurabilite en orbite
CA2873424A1 (fr) 2012-05-13 2013-11-21 Amir Khandani Transmission sans fil bilaterale simultanee avec cryptage base sur la phase de canal
JP2014017708A (ja) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-30 Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> 空間合成アンテナ装置及び鏡面修整反射鏡の製造方法
JP2014165790A (ja) * 2013-02-27 2014-09-08 Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> 受信アンテナ装置及び鏡面修整反射鏡の製造方法
US10177896B2 (en) 2013-05-13 2019-01-08 Amir Keyvan Khandani Methods for training of full-duplex wireless systems
US9766345B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2017-09-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Low cost cableless ground station antenna for medium earth orbit satellite communication systems
US9236996B2 (en) 2013-11-30 2016-01-12 Amir Keyvan Khandani Wireless full-duplex system and method using sideband test signals
US9820311B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2017-11-14 Amir Keyvan Khandani Adapter and associated method for full-duplex wireless communication
US10249951B2 (en) * 2014-10-02 2019-04-02 Viasat, Inc. Multi-beam bi-focal shaped reflector antenna for concurrent communication with multiple non-collocated geostationary satellites and associated method
US10122085B2 (en) * 2014-12-15 2018-11-06 The Boeing Company Feed re-pointing technique for multiple shaped beams reflector antennas
EP3278397A1 (fr) 2015-04-03 2018-02-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenne de station terrestre sans câble peu coûteuse pour des systèmes de communication par satellite en orbite terrestre moyenne
US10333593B2 (en) * 2016-05-02 2019-06-25 Amir Keyvan Khandani Systems and methods of antenna design for full-duplex line of sight transmission
US10700766B2 (en) 2017-04-19 2020-06-30 Amir Keyvan Khandani Noise cancelling amplify-and-forward (in-band) relay with self-interference cancellation
US11057204B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2021-07-06 Amir Keyvan Khandani Methods for encrypted data communications
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007100865A2 (fr) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-07 The Boeing Company Réflecteurs à mailles déployables de forme arbitraire
WO2007100865A3 (fr) * 2006-02-28 2008-02-14 Boeing Co Réflecteurs à mailles déployables de forme arbitraire
US7595769B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2009-09-29 The Boeing Company Arbitrarily shaped deployable mesh reflectors
US7839353B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2010-11-23 The Boeing Company Arbitrarily shaped deployable mesh reflectors

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JP5220966B2 (ja) 2013-06-26
CA2317388A1 (fr) 2001-03-20
JP2001127538A (ja) 2001-05-11
US6255997B1 (en) 2001-07-03
CA2317388C (fr) 2002-12-24
CN1289158A (zh) 2001-03-28
DE19945062A1 (de) 2001-04-12
EP1085598A2 (fr) 2001-03-21
EP1085598A3 (fr) 2002-07-31

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