EP1082733B1 - Procede de preparation d'un materiau magnetique par forgeage et materiau magnetique sous forme de poudre - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'un materiau magnetique par forgeage et materiau magnetique sous forme de poudre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1082733B1 EP1082733B1 EP99922227A EP99922227A EP1082733B1 EP 1082733 B1 EP1082733 B1 EP 1082733B1 EP 99922227 A EP99922227 A EP 99922227A EP 99922227 A EP99922227 A EP 99922227A EP 1082733 B1 EP1082733 B1 EP 1082733B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- alloy
- process according
- rare earth
- transition metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004845 hydriding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0576—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/059—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and Va elements, e.g. Sm2Fe17N2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the preparation of a magnetic material by forging as well as a magnetic material in powder form.
- Permanent magnets based on iron, boron and rare earths are good known. Their importance in the electrical or electronic industry is growing.
- the first uses powder metallurgy for the preparation of dense magnets or sintered.
- Another method consists in melting an alloy and then subjecting it to wheel, anneal it and hot press or coat the powder thus obtained with a resin or a polymer. This process allows bonded magnets to be obtained.
- the powder and the magnet obtained by the implementation of this process are most often isotropic. To obtain an anisotropic powder or magnet, it is currently necessary to use expensive, low-yielding processes or whose results are insufficient.
- the object of the invention is the development of such a method.
- the invention also relates to a magnetic material in powder form, characterized in that it has a coercivity of at least 9kOe and a remanence of at least minus 9kG.
- the present invention applies, according to its first variant, to the preparation of magnetic materials based on at least one rare earth, at least one metal of transition and at least one other element chosen from boron and carbon.
- the process of the invention therefore starts in this case from alloys having the composition required for get the desired material.
- This composition can be variable both by the nature of its constituents only by the respective proportions thereof.
- alloys comprising at least one rare earth and at least one metal of transition and which additionally contain at least one other element chosen from boron and carbon. Such alloys are well known.
- rare earth is meant, for the whole description, the elements of the group consisting of yttrium and the elements of the periodic table number atomic inclusive between 57 and 71.
- the periodic classification of elements referred to for the entire description is that published in the Supplement to the Bulletin de la cios Chimique de France n ° 1 (January 1966).
- the rare earth of the alloy can be neodymium or even praseodymium.
- transition elements is meant the elements of columns IIIa to VIIa, VIII, Ib and llb. These transition elements can be more particularly here those chosen in the group comprising iron, cobalt, copper, niobium, vanadium, molybdenum and nickel, these elements can be taken alone or in combination. according to a preferred variant, the transition element is iron or even iron in combination with at least one element from the aforementioned group, iron being the majority.
- the alloy may include additives such as gallium, aluminum, silicon, tin, bismuth, germanium, zirconium or titanium taken alone or in combination.
- the respective proportions of rare earth, transition metal and the other above can vary widely. So the rare earth content can be at least 1% (the percentages given here are percentages atomic) and it can vary between 1% and 30% approximately, more particularly between 1% and about 20%.
- the content of third element, in particular boron can be at least minus 0.5% and it can vary between 0.5 and 30% approximately, more particularly between 2 and About 10%.
- their content can be at least 0.05% and it can vary from about 0.05 to 5%.
- alloys By way of example of alloys, mention may very particularly be made of neodymium / iron / boron alloys, in particular those comprising also copper. Mention may also be made, as alloys which can be used more particularly in the context of the present invention, of those which have a phase corresponding to the formula TR 2 Fe 14 B, TR designating at least one rare earth, very particularly neodymium.
- the invention also applies, according to its second variant, to the preparation of magnetic materials based on at least one rare earth, at least one metal of transition and nitrogen.
- the process used in this case starts from alloys having the required composition of rare earth and transition metal to obtain the material wish. All that has been said above concerning the rare earth, the element of transition as well as any additives also applies here. However, we can cite more particularly the alloys based on samarium and iron from which will obtain magnetic materials based on samarium, iron and nitrogen.
- alloys used as starting materials do not have or very few magnet properties. In particular, they have little or no coercivity and anisotropy.
- the alloys that are generally used consist of mainly monocrystalline grains, of large size, of at least 10 ⁇ m approximately. Here and for the whole description, the sizes are measured by SEM. Alloys can be in a massive form or in the form of a powder. The alloys are generally heterogeneous in terms of grain size, nature of the phases and of the particle size in the case of a powder.
- the alloy may undergo, prior to the treatment of the invention, annealing at a temperature of at least 500 ° C under an inert atmosphere.
- the alloy as described above is placed in a sheath.
- a sheath We use advantageously a cylindrical sheath.
- the height of this sheath is preferably at less equal to the height of the alloy to be treated. Its wall thickness is chosen in such a way so that it does not burst during forging but this thickness must remain relatively small.
- the material of the sheath must be as plastic as possible at the temperature at which forging takes place.
- a sheath is generally used metal.
- the sheath is made of steel.
- the introduction of the alloy into the sheath can be done by casting the molten alloy in it or by any mechanical means starting from an ingot or powder.
- the alloy-sheath assembly is then brought to a temperature of at least 500 ° C.
- the maximum temperature not to be exceeded is that beyond which there is a risk of produce a significant fusion of the grains of the alloy.
- This temperature is more precisely between 600 ° C and 1100 ° C, more particularly between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C.
- the alloy is brought to the temperature indicated under an inert atmosphere, by example under argon.
- the next step of the process of the invention consists in subjecting a forging to the alloy in the sheath.
- Forging consists of a percussion, one gives indeed one or several hammer blows on the alloy / sheath assembly.
- Forging takes place on the alloy / sheath assembly at the temperature indicated above.
- the alloy / sheath assembly is placed in a sealed chamber surrounding the anvil of the forge. This chamber is connected to a source of inert gas and it includes an opening through which the forge hammer can pass through a seal.
- the number of hammer blows is between 1 and 10.
- the mechanical power of the hammer blow must be such that the grains constituting the alloy are broken. It can also be such that part of this power is used for heating the material, allowing several successive forges, without external heating of the alloy.
- this power can be for example at least about 1 kilowatt per gram of material (kW / g), more particularly at least 5kW / g.
- Such a power corresponds to a material deformation speed of at least 8 s -1 , in particular of at least 10 s -1 , more particularly of at least 50s -1 and even more particularly of at least 100s -1 .
- the rate of deformation of the material is defined by the expression (dh / h) / dt, dh / h designating the ratio (initial height-final height) / initial height, the height being that of the alloy / sheath assembly, dt designating the duration of the crushing which is equal to dh / (v / 2), v being the speed of the hammer at the time of the impact and v / 2 being considered, as a first approximation, as the average speed during the crushing, this average speed can indeed be defined as the ratio (initial speed-final speed) / 2 i.e. (v-0) / 2.
- Such a power corresponds to devices in which the speed of the hammer is at least 0.3 ms -1 , in particular at least 0.5 m.s -1 , more particularly at least 1m.s -1 , and even more particularly at least 4m.s -1 .
- Forging can be carried out with a reduction rate of at least 2.
- the rate of reduction is defined by the ratio initial height (before forging) / final height (after forging) of the alloy / sheath assembly. This rate can be more particularly at least minus 5.
- forging is carried out in a direction perpendicular to an axis of easy growth of the crystallites of the alloy.
- this easy growth axis is the a or b axis of the quadratic mesh.
- Forging in this case allows the axes c to pass from an equatorial distribution to a substantially unidirectional distribution.
- the product obtained after forging is in a flat form cylindrical, or possibly in the form of a capsule when a sealed envelope as described above, the internal part of which comprises the alloy starting metal and the peripheral or external part the starting sheath.
- the alloy is now made up of monocrystalline grains whose average size is at most 30 ⁇ m, more particularly at most 10 ⁇ m.
- the alloy has coercivity and it is anisotropic.
- the magnetization axes are aligned parallel to the direction of the forging.
- the product from the forging is subjected to a nitriding treatment.
- the nitriding treatment is done in a known manner.
- the nitrogen content of the material obtained can be of the same order as that given above for boron, more in particular, it can be between 2 and 15%.
- the method of the invention can also comprise, after the forging step, other complementary steps implementing treatments which will be described below.
- the additional treatments are implemented preferably work before this nitriding step.
- a first type takes place at a temperature which can be between 700 ° C. and 1100 ° C.
- the treatment is preferably carried out under an inert atmosphere, for example under argon.
- the duration of treatment can be between a few minutes and a few hours.
- Another type of annealing treatment can be conducted at a temperature between 400 ° C and 700 ° C, preferably also under an inert atmosphere of the type argon.
- the duration of treatment can be between a few minutes and a few hours.
- Hydriding and dehydrating treatments are known. Hydriding the material can be done under a hydrogen atmosphere (for example at least equal to 0.1MPa) at room temperature or by thermally activating the material in an atmosphere containing hydrogen. For example, we can thermally activate the material up to a temperature below 500 ° C, preferably below 300 ° C. Dehydriding can be achieved by heating the hydrated material to a temperature of at least 500 ° C under vacuum. The temperature and the heating time are chosen so as to obtain complete dehydriding. The treatment of dehydriding can be optionally followed by annealing of the first and / or second aforementioned type.
- a material is obtained in the form of a powder. having interesting magnetic properties. So this material has a coercivity of at least 9kOe, more particularly at least 9.5kOe and even more particularly at least 10kOe in combination with a remanence of at least 9kG, more particularly at least 9.5kG and even more particularly at least 10kg.
- the material can have each of the coercivity values given above in combination with each of the remanence values also given above, by example a coercivity of 9kOe in combination with a remanence of 9.5kG.
- the material has a crystalline texture which makes it magnetically anisotropic.
- the particles that make up the powder themselves are made up of not just one monocrystalline grain but of several monocrystalline grains with an average size of at least minus 0.1 ⁇ m. So, for example, the particles can have a size of a few tens of microns, in particular between approximately 10 and approximately 200 ⁇ m, more particularly between around 10 ⁇ m and around 100 ⁇ m, and be made up of ten grains of a few microns each.
- the material consists of the elements components which have been given above for the alloy and what has been described thereon also applies here, the material being in particular based on at least one rare earth, at least at least one transition metal and at least one other element chosen from boron, carbon and nitrogen.
- the alloy used corresponds to the formula Nd 15.3 Fe 76.8 B 4.9 Cu 1.5 Al 1.5 for examples 1 and 2, to the formula Nd 15.5 Fe 78 B 5 Cu 1.5 for example 3 and with the formula Nd 15.3 Fe 76.9 B 4.9 Cu 1.5 Nb 0.5 Al 0.9 for example 4.
- the tests are carried out in a cylindrical steel sheath. In some cases the alloy undergoes two hammer blows (first forging and second forging).
- the characteristics of the starting material are given in table 1, the forging conditions in tables 2 and 3 and the magnetic properties of the solid materials obtained in table 4.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
- on place dans une gaine un alliage à base d'au moins une terre rare, d'au moins un métal de transition et d'au moins un autre élément choisi parmi le bore et le carbone;
- on porte l'ensemble à une température d'au moins 500°C;
- on soumet l'ensemble à un forgeage avec une vitesse de déformation du matériau d'au moins 8s-1.
- on place dans une gaine un alliage à base d'au moins une terre rare et d'au moins un métal de transition;
- on porte l'ensemble à une température d'au moins 500°C;
- on soumet l'ensemble à un forgeage avec une vitesse de déformation du matériau d'au moins 8s-1;
- on soumet à un traitement de nitruration le produit issu du forgeage.
| Exemples | masse (g) gaine et alliage | diamètre (mm) | hauteur (mm) | épaisseur (mm) de la gaine |
| 1 | 20,18 | 12 | 25 | 2 |
| 2 | 15,76 | 12 | 20 | 1 |
| 3 | 20,31 | 12 | 25 | 1 |
| 4 | 19,98 | 12 | 24,5 | 1 |
| Exemples | T1 (°C) | T2 (°C) | E(s-1) | Tr1 | Tr2 |
| 1 | 980 | 890 | 95,0 | 4,39 | 6,25 |
| 2 | 1060 | - | 112,5 | 5,90 | - |
| 3 | 995 | - | 95,6 | 6,00 | - |
| 4 | 1000 | - | 92 | 6 | - |
| T1 : température lors du premier forgeage | |||||
| T2 : température lors du second forgeage | |||||
| E : vitesse de déformation lors du premier forgeage | |||||
| Tr1 : taux de réduction à l'issue du premier forgeage | |||||
| Tr2 : taux de réduction total à l'issue du second forgeage |
| Exemples | V1 (ms-1) | V2 (ms-1) | P1(kW/g) | P2(kW/g) |
| 1 | 4,75 | 4 | 10,3 | 70 |
| 2 | 4,54 | - | 13,9 | - |
| 3 | 4,78 | - | 9,8 | - |
| 4 | 4,48 | - | 8,3 | - |
| V1: vitesse du marteau lors du premier forgeage | ||||
| V2 : vitesse du marteau lors du second forgeage | ||||
| P1 : puissance mécanique du premier coup de marteau | ||||
| P2: puissance mécanique du second coup de marteau |
| Exemple | Coercivité Hc | Rémanence Br | Produit énergétique | |||
| kOe | kA/m | kG | T | MGOe | kJ/m3 | |
| 1 | 9,5 | 756 | 10 | 1 | 17,5 | 139 |
| 2 | 10,0 | 796 | 10 | 1 | 16 | 127 |
| 3 | 9,5 | 756 | 10 | 1 | 17,5 | 139 |
| 4 | 10,1 | 804 | 9,9 | 0,99 | 21 | 167 |
Claims (18)
- Procédé de préparation d'un matériau magnétique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :on place dans une gaine un alliage à base d'au moins une terre rare, d'au moins un métal de transition et d'au moins un autre élément choisi parmi le bore et le carbone;on porte l'ensemble à une température d'au moins 500°C;on soumet l'ensemble à un forgeage avec une vitesse de déformation du matériau d'au moins 8s-1.
- Procédé de préparation d'un matériau magnétique à base d'au moins une terre rare, d'au moins un métal de transition et d'azote, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :on place dans une gaine un alliage à base d'au moins une terre rare et d'au moins un métal de transition;on porte l'ensemble à une température d'au moins 500°C;on soumet l'ensemble à un forgeage avec une vitesse de déformation du matériau d'au moins 8s-1;on soumet à un traitement de nitruration le produit issu du forgeage.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue le forgeage avec une vitesse de déformation du matériau d'au moins 10s-1, plus particulièrement d'au moins 50s-1 et encore plus particulièrement d'au moins 100s-1.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue le forgeage avec un taux de réduction d'au moins 2.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue le forgeage dans une direction perpendiculaire à un axe de facile croissance des cristallites de l'alliage.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage est à base d'au moins une terre rare qui est le néodyme ou le samarium.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage est à base d'au moins un métal de transition qui est le fer.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage est à base d'au moins une terre rare, d'au moins un métal de transition et de bore.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage comprend en outre du cuivre.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la gaine est en métal.
- Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la gaine est en acier.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on soumet le matériau obtenu après le forgeage et, le cas échéant, avant le traitement de nitruration, à au moins un traitement de recuit.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on soumet le matériau obtenu après le forgeage et, éventuellement après au moins un traitement de recuit, à une hydruration puis à une déshydruration, la déshydruration pouvant être suivie éventuellement d'au moins un traitement de recuit et, dans le cas échéant, d'un traitement de nitruration.
- Matériau magnétique sous forme de poudre, à base d'au moins une terre rare, d'au moins un métal de transition et d'au moins un autre élément choisi parmi le bore et le carbone, obtenu par le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1, 3 à 13 caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une coercivité d'au moins 9kOe et une rémanence d'au moins 9kG.
- Matériau métallique sous forme de poudre, à base d'au moins une terre rare, d'au moins un métal de transition et d'azote, obtenu par le procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une coercivité d'au moins 9kOe et une rémanence d'au moins 9kG.
- Matériau selon l'une des revendications 14 ou 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il se présente sous forme d'une poudre constituée de particules de 10 à 200 µm.
- Matériau selon l'une des revendications 14 à 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il se présente, sous forme d'une poudre dont les particules sont constituées de grains monocristallins d'une taille moyenne d'au moins 0,1 µm.
- Matériau selon l'une des revendications 14 à 17, caractérisé en ce qu'il est magnétiquement anisotrope.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9806745A FR2779267B1 (fr) | 1998-05-28 | 1998-05-28 | Procede de preparation d'un materiau magnetique par forgeage et materiau magnetique sous forme de poudre |
| FR9806745 | 1998-05-28 | ||
| PCT/FR1999/001234 WO1999062080A1 (fr) | 1998-05-28 | 1999-05-26 | Procede de preparation d'un materiau magnetique par forgeage et materiau magnetique sous forme de poudre |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1082733A1 EP1082733A1 (fr) | 2001-03-14 |
| EP1082733B1 true EP1082733B1 (fr) | 2003-04-02 |
Family
ID=9526820
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99922227A Expired - Lifetime EP1082733B1 (fr) | 1998-05-28 | 1999-05-26 | Procede de preparation d'un materiau magnetique par forgeage et materiau magnetique sous forme de poudre |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6592682B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1082733B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3668134B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1142562C (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE236450T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU3935399A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69906513T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2779267B1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW558469B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999062080A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2948688B1 (fr) | 2009-07-31 | 2012-02-03 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede et dispositif de traitement d'un materiau sous l'effet d'un champ magnetique |
| JP6297487B2 (ja) | 2011-06-10 | 2018-03-20 | アクシィフラックス ホールディングス プロプライエタリー リミテッドAxiflux Holdings Pty Ltd | 電動機、発電機 |
| CN103031414B (zh) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-03-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种定向凝固钕铁硼磁性合金的制备方法 |
| DE102016217138A1 (de) | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und zugehörige Schmiedehohlform zur Herstellung eines heißumgeformten Magneten |
| EP3625807B1 (fr) * | 2017-05-19 | 2021-03-24 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Aimant déformé à chaud et procédé de préparation dudit aimant déformé à chaud |
| DE102018105250A1 (de) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | Technische Universität Darmstadt | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Permanentmagnets oder eines hartmagnetischen Materials |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6136099A (en) * | 1985-08-13 | 2000-10-24 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Rare earth-iron series permanent magnets and method of preparation |
| JPH01175207A (ja) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-07-11 | Seiko Epson Corp | 永久磁石の製造方法 |
| FR2648948B1 (fr) * | 1989-06-23 | 1993-12-31 | Baikowski Pierre Synthetique | Procede perfectionne pour la preparation d'aimants permanents a hautes performances a base de neodyme-fer-bore |
| US5580396A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1996-12-03 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Treatment of pulverant magnetic materials and products thus obtained |
| JP2580066B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-02 | 1997-02-12 | 富士電気化学株式会社 | 異方性永久磁石 |
| JPH0491403A (ja) * | 1990-08-02 | 1992-03-24 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | 異方性永久磁石 |
| JPH04134806A (ja) * | 1990-09-27 | 1992-05-08 | Seiko Epson Corp | 永久磁石の製造方法 |
| EP0536421B1 (fr) * | 1991-04-25 | 1997-07-30 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Procede de production d'un aimant permanent compose de terres rares |
| JPH05135924A (ja) * | 1991-11-14 | 1993-06-01 | Seiko Epson Corp | 希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
| JPH05175027A (ja) * | 1991-12-25 | 1993-07-13 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | 永久磁石材料 |
| US5516371A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-05-14 | Korea Research Institute Of Standard And Science | Method of manufacturing magnets |
-
1998
- 1998-05-28 FR FR9806745A patent/FR2779267B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-05-26 AT AT99922227T patent/ATE236450T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-26 EP EP99922227A patent/EP1082733B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-26 US US09/701,286 patent/US6592682B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-26 AU AU39353/99A patent/AU3935399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-26 JP JP2000551403A patent/JP3668134B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-26 WO PCT/FR1999/001234 patent/WO1999062080A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-05-26 DE DE69906513T patent/DE69906513T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-26 CN CNB998088439A patent/CN1142562C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-26 TW TW088108853A patent/TW558469B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2779267B1 (fr) | 2000-08-11 |
| US6592682B1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
| ATE236450T1 (de) | 2003-04-15 |
| FR2779267A1 (fr) | 1999-12-03 |
| CN1142562C (zh) | 2004-03-17 |
| DE69906513T2 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
| EP1082733A1 (fr) | 2001-03-14 |
| DE69906513D1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
| WO1999062080A1 (fr) | 1999-12-02 |
| AU3935399A (en) | 1999-12-13 |
| CN1310849A (zh) | 2001-08-29 |
| JP3668134B2 (ja) | 2005-07-06 |
| TW558469B (en) | 2003-10-21 |
| JP2002516925A (ja) | 2002-06-11 |
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