EP1079939B1 - Separating device for longitudinally extended solid material parts - Google Patents

Abstract

A separating device for elongate solid pieces includes a vibrating base with longitudinal grooves having a depth which decreases in a conveying direction, to allow efficient separation of elongate solid pieces, in particular of short pieces of wire, and to allow the separating device to operate continuously. The longitudinal grooves are adjoined by elongate, e.g. V-shaped, screen openings for separating the elongate solid pieces. Wide solid pieces can slide over the screen openings. The separating device is suitable in particular for separating small pieces of wire out of pyrolysis residue from a pyrolysis plant.

Description

The invention relates to a separating device with which elongated solid parts from other solid parts be separated.

In many technical fields of application it is necessary that solids contained, for example, in bulk material are divided into several fractions. The factions are usually based on different solids sizes, Solid geometries or textures divided. A separation of the solids is always desirable if the different solid fractions of another Treatment should be administered.

In the construction industry, for example, there is building rubble separated from large and bulky debris, which then sorted and recycled. The separated finer Building rubble is, for example, on a designated one Landfill.

In the field of waste disposal, with regard to a disposal and sorting as environmentally friendly as possible of the waste or that resulting from the recycling of waste Residues are becoming increasingly important. The separation of the waste can be done before recycling the waste; she can also be an essential step in waste recycling his.

Thermal processes are known for waste disposal, at where the waste is burned in waste incineration plants or in Pyrolysis plants pyrolyzed, i.e. in the absence of air Temperature from about 400 ° C to 700 ° C is subjected. at Both methods make sense after the combustion or to separate the residue remaining after pyrolysis, to either recycle it or dispose of it in a suitable manner. The aim is to residual material to be disposed of in a landfill as low as possible to keep.

From EP-A-0 302 310 and from the company publication "Die Schwel-Brenn-Anlage, a description of the process ", publisher Siemens AG, Berlin and Munich, 1996, is as a pyrolysis plant a so-called smoldering plant known, in which essentially a two-step process is carried out. In The first step is the delivered waste in a smoldering drum (Pyrolysis reactor) introduced and carbonized (pyrolyzed). Pyrolysis produces pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residues. The carbonization gas is together with combustible parts of the pyrolysis residue in a high-temperature combustion chamber burned at temperatures of approx. 1200 ° C. The resulting Exhaust gases are then cleaned.

In addition to combustible parts, the pyrolysis residue also has non-combustible parts. Put the non-combustible parts essentially consists of an inert fraction, such as glass, Stones or ceramics, as well as composed of a metal fraction. The valuable materials of the residual material are sorted out and one Recycled. There are procedures for sorting out and components necessary that are reliable and ensure continuous operation.

For reliable operation, it is often desirable that Solid parts of a certain geometry are separated, so that the operation of downstream disconnecting devices for the remaining solid matter, so that it can be separated further. A special The problem is often elongated solid parts, in particular wires or fine stranded wires. The latter are very difficult to separate from the rest of the solid and lead to blockage of sieve holes in sieves. This especially applies when these elongated solid parts are below a certain size.

A discharge device is known from WO 97/26495, which a conveyor for the promotion and separation of pyrolysis residues having. The conveyor has a sawtooth profiled partition that is used to promote the Pyrolysis residue is vibrated. In the collect longitudinal grooves formed by the sawtooth-like profile the fine proportions of the pyrolysis residue. At the A rod screen for separating the separated ones is at the end of the partition fine portions of the remaining coarse portions arranged. This device has the disadvantage that together with the fine proportions also large flat and oblong portions are deposited. Because these can align in longitudinal grooves and through the adjoining Fall through the sieve. An effective separation of fine Wires or similar elongated solid parts not possible.

The present invention has for its object a Specify separation device for elongated solid parts, the effective separation of elongated Solid parts as well as a trouble-free and continuous Operation enables.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a separating device for elongated solid parts that one Vibrating floor with a number extending in the conveying direction Has longitudinal grooves to which screen openings connect to separate the elongated solid parts, the groove depth of the longitudinal grooves in the conveying direction decreases.

Because of the mechanical movement, namely the vibrations of the vibrating floor, is the one applied to the vibrating floor Solid conveyed in the conveying direction. at the same time the elongated solid parts in the longitudinal grooves aligned in the conveying direction. At the same time, too elongated, flat solid parts initially aligned. Orient due to the decrease in groove depth this then essentially parallel to the vibrating floor, so that they over the sieve openings adjoining the longitudinal grooves slide away. The non-flat elongated Solid parts, on the other hand, fall preferably through the gap Screen openings designed in the manner of a bar screen therethrough. The decisive advantage of the screening device lies in the fact that only elongated and not flat Solid parts are separated. It is particularly suitable the screening device for the separation of fine stranded wires, which are typically about 0.1 to 2 mm in diameter as well have a length of up to 15 mm.

a) Ausrichten der langgestreckten Feststoffteile,

b) Umlegen von flächigen, langgestreckten Feststoffteilen und

c) Abscheiden der langgestreckten Feststoffteile durch die Sieböffnungen.

The separation of the elongated, non-flat solid parts can be characterized by the following three steps:

a) aligning the elongated solid parts,

b) folding flat, elongated solid parts and

c) separating the elongated solid parts through the sieve openings.

To easily align the flat solid parts in parallel The side walls are to allow to the swinging floor the longitudinal grooves are preferably formed obliquely.

For a simple and reliable alignment of the elongated solid parts in the conveying direction of the Swinging floor in an advantageous embodiment a wavy Profile or a sawtooth profile.

It is useful for trouble-free operation if the longitudinal grooves and the elongated sieve openings each run parallel to each other.

In an advantageous embodiment, the Sieve openings up to the end of the in the conveying direction Separator. They are therefore open towards the end. This is an essential feature to ensure that there are no solid particles in the separator accumulate or jam. Because with one example elongated sieve opening with peripheral edge the edge piece in the conveying direction for the solids flow to represent a resistance. This can be solid parts impose, clogging the sieve opening and thus lead to a malfunction of the separator could.

To avoid constipation and to ensure a possible liquid flow is in another advantageous embodiment provided that the screen openings widen in the conveying direction. Open in the sieve opening jammed solid parts is replaced by the following solid exerted a force in the conveying direction. The jammed Solid part can be moved in the conveying direction and then falls through the widening sieve opening.

For this purpose, the sieve opening preferably widens continuously and in particular V-shaped.

It is advantageous if the edges of the screen openings are elastic are trained. Then the effort is to loosen of possibly stuck solid parts only slightly. at the same time is thereby the of jammed solid parts exerted load on the separator in comparison reduced to inelastic edges.

To make the sieve openings easy to manufacture, they have elastic rags on their edges, which taper or taper in the direction of conveyance, so that the sieve openings widen in the conveying direction.

The flare is formed by the rag in this training.

The separation device is in a preferred embodiment a cleaning rake with a number of tines provided which can be inserted into the sieve openings and into the Sieve openings are movable in the conveying direction.

With this rake solid parts become stuck solved. This means that the Separator allows. The cleaning rake can Depending on requirements, periodically or continuously in the sieve openings be moved. For loosening jammed Solid parts with the cleaning rake is the widening of the screen openings is of great advantage because of the cleaning rake the jammed solid parts just a little bit in Direction of conveyance must move until they have come loose and fall through the widened sieve opening. To the burden of Keeping cleaning rules as low as possible is also the elastic formation of the edges is particularly advantageous.

The vibrating floor is for a robust design made of metal.

FIG 1

eine Aufsicht auf eine Abscheidevörrichtung,

FIG 2 und 3

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II-II bzw. III-III gemäß zweier Ausführungeformen,

FIG 4 und 5

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV bzw. V-V gemäß beider Ausführungsformen und

FIG 6

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VI-VI.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures. Each shows in a schematic representation:

FIG. 1

supervision of a separation device,

2 and 3

2 shows a section along the line II-II or III-III according to two embodiments,

4 and 5

a section along the line IV-IV or VV according to both embodiments and

FIG 6

a section along the line VI-VI.

According to FIG. 1, it extends in a separating device 1 a metallic vibrating floor 2 from a task area 4 for solid F (e.g. pyrolysis residue from a pyrolysis plant) in conveying direction 6 to a separation area 8. In Separation area 8 there are a number of in the conveying direction 6 V-shaped elongated sieve openings 10, of which only two are shown. In the two shown screen openings 10 each one of one Number of parallel longitudinal grooves 12 of the vibrating base 2, of which only two are also shown. The sieve openings 10 accordingly close to the longitudinal grooves in the conveying direction 6 12 and expand from there to End 14 of the separator 1 continuously. The Groove depth of the longitudinal grooves 12 increases towards the screen openings 10 down. This is from a comparison of Figures 2 and 4 as well of Figures 3 and 5 can be seen.

The two lateral edges of the respective screen opening 10 are elastic, especially as tapered elastic Rag 16, formed. The lobes 16 are approximately triangular formed so that the V-shaped shape of the sieve openings 10th is formed by the two attached tabs 16.

The solid F is in the application area 4 on the vibrating floor 2 abandoned. Because of the vibrations of the vibrating floor 2 (by means of a vibration device, not shown) the solid F is transported in the conveying direction 6. The Vibrations of the vibrating floor 2 also cause that elongated solid parts 18, e.g. Pieces of wire, from which one is shown in Figure 1, in the longitudinal grooves 12 in Align conveying direction 6. The vibrating floor 2 therefore causes a promotion of the solid F and at the same time an orientation of the elongated solid parts 18. The vibrations become generated for example with the aid of an eccentric drive.

It is sufficient if the longitudinal grooves 12 before they enter the Screen openings 10 pass over, only a small groove depth exhibit. The groove depth is dimensioned so that the once aligned elongated solid parts 18 in the conveying direction 6 aligned to continue. The Schwingboden 2 can therefore in the area immediately in front of the screen openings 10 be almost flat or even. By the waning Groove depth flat solid parts 20, one of which is shown in Figure 1, flat and substantially parallel aligned to the swinging floor level. Laying flat flat solid parts 20 is by the vibrating or Swinging movement of the swing base 2 is supported.

The aligned elongated solid parts 18 fail through the elongated sieve opening 10 and are thus of the remaining solid F is deposited. Be opposed flat solid parts 20 initially also from the Longitudinal grooves 12 aligned, but then laid flat so that it through the screen openings 10 to the end 14 of the separator slide. You will only be deposited here.

In Figure 1 is also in each of the two sieve openings 10 a prong 22 of a cleaning rake 24 (cf. Figure 6) shown. The tines 22 are close in range of the longitudinal grooves 12 inserted into the screen openings 10 from below and guided along in the conveying direction 6. there push a possibly stuck solid part 26 in the conveying direction 6 so that it is released and then due to the widening of the sieve opening 10 through it falls through. Because of the elastic formation of the edges the sieve openings 10 can only be a solid part 26 clamp a relatively small force, so that the stress the prongs 22 and the cleaning rake 24 small is. After the cleaning rake 24 in the conveying direction 6 through the sieve openings 10 to the end 14 of the separator out, it is pulled out of the sieve openings 10 and to its starting position at the beginning of the Retracted longitudinal grooves 12 where the tines 22 again in the Sieve openings 10 can be introduced.

Figures 2 and 3 each show a section through the vibrating floor 2 in the task area 4 along the line II-II or III-III in Figure 1. According to Figure 2, the vibrating floor 2 a sawtooth-like profile with V-shaped grooves, the longitudinal grooves 12, on. According to Figure 3, the vibrating floor 2 has in contrast a wavy profile. In Figure 2 it can be seen that an elongated solid part 18 and Align a flat solid part 20 in the longitudinal grooves 12. In particular, the sawtooth-like profile is for alignment of elongated solid parts 18 is an advantage.

Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the sawtooth and the wave-shaped Profile in section along the line IV-IV or V-V through the sieve tray 2, immediately before the sieve openings 10 begin. It can be seen that here the Longitudinal grooves 12 have a significantly smaller groove depth. While the oblique side walls 28 of the longitudinal grooves 12 2 and 3 are still very steep, they run according to Figure 4 and 5 very flat. The flat solid part 20 is therefore lay flat over the longitudinal groove 12, which in Figure 4 is shown.

The side walls 28 are in the area of the screen openings 10 Sieve walls 29 continued. At the edges are the elastic Tab 16 attached, as can be seen in Figure 6 is. The sieve walls 29 can both be flat, and - as shown - form a profile. In the sieve openings 10 engage the prongs 22 of the cleaning rake 24 on. The cleaning rake 24 is, for example, in a Rail 30 out.

Claims (12)

1. Separating device for elongate solid pieces (18), which has a vibrating base (2) with a number of longitudinal grooves (12) which extend in the conveying direction (6) and are adjoined by screen openings (10) for separating the elongate solid pieces (18), characterized in that the depth of the longitudinal grooves (12) decreases in the conveying direction (6).
2. Separating device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the side walls (28) of the longitudinal grooves (12) are of inclined form.
3. Separating device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vibrating base (2) has a wavy profile.
4. Separating device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vibrating base (2) has a sawtooth-like profile.
5. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the vibrating base (2) has a plurality of parallel longitudinal grooves (12) which are adjoined by respectively parallel screen openings (10).
6. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen openings (10) extend all the way to its end (14), as seen in the conveying direction (6).
7. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen openings (10) widen in the conveying direction (6).
8. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen openings (10) widen continuously, in particular in a V shape, in the conveying direction (6).
9. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the edges of the screen openings (10) are of elastic design.
10. Separating device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the screen openings (10) are provided at their edges with elastic tabs (16), which tabs narrow in the conveying direction (6), so that the screen openings (10) widen in the conveying direction (6).
11. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cleaning rake (24) with a number of tines (22) is provided, which tines can be introduced into the screen openings (10) and can be moved in the screen openings (10).
12. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vibrating base (2) is made from metal.

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