EP1073821A2 - Hinge type automatic door closer - Google Patents

Hinge type automatic door closer

Info

Publication number
EP1073821A2
EP1073821A2 EP99916054A EP99916054A EP1073821A2 EP 1073821 A2 EP1073821 A2 EP 1073821A2 EP 99916054 A EP99916054 A EP 99916054A EP 99916054 A EP99916054 A EP 99916054A EP 1073821 A2 EP1073821 A2 EP 1073821A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
housing
door
hinge shaft
type automatic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99916054A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dong-Seung Shin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1073821A2 publication Critical patent/EP1073821A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05DHINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D5/00Construction of single parts, e.g. the parts for attachment
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F1/00Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • E05F1/08Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
    • E05F1/10Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
    • E05F1/12Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs
    • E05F1/1207Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring parallel with the pivot axis
    • E05F1/1223Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring parallel with the pivot axis with a compression or traction spring
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/12Special devices controlling the circulation of the liquid, e.g. valve arrangement
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/20Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices in hinges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/22Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
    • E05F3/227Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position mounted at the top of wings, e.g. details related to closer housings, covers, end caps or rails therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/696Screw mechanisms
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/696Screw mechanisms
    • E05Y2201/70Nuts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/696Screw mechanisms
    • E05Y2201/702Spindles; Worms
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132Doors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic door closer; and, more particularly, to a hinge type automatic door closer employing a hydraulic mechanism to increase an efficiency in closing and opening a door and to provide a user with a convenience.
  • a conventional hinge type automatic door closer for automatically closing a door is provided with a coil spring whose resilient force determines a closing speed and a latching speed of the door.
  • a certain lever or the like connected to the coil spring is normally used to adjust the closing and the latching speed of the door, causing the whole door closer to be bulky, since it is not easy to change a modulus of elasticity of the coil spring.
  • various types of door closers have been proposed.
  • the hinge comprises a housing 500 mounted on a door 1, a driving member 400 positioned above a stroke control part integrally formed with an inner surface of an inner hollow portion of the housing 500 and a buffer unit 600, a hinge shaft 300 positioned within the inner hollow portion of the housing on the driving member 400 and fixed to a door frame 2, and a slider 700 fitted into the stroke control part to move up and down.
  • the slider 700 is movable up and down along the hinge shaft 300 via a thread-engagement with the hinge shaft 300. When the slider 700 moves down, it compresses a spring thereunder.
  • the buffer unit 600 which serves to avoid slamming shock when the door 1 is closed uses an air pressure generated by a restoring force of the spring under the slider 700.
  • the buffer unit has numerous components mechanically combined with one another, it is cumbersome to manufacture and assemble those components into a unit. Further, the air pressure does not fully avoid slamming due to a spacial limitation within the housing. Furthermore, according to a construction of the buffer unit, it is difficult to adjust the buffering force thereof.
  • a primary object of the invention to provide a hinge type automatic door closer designed to use a hydraulic mechanism in stead of the mechanical buffer unit employed in the prior art, which enables to avoid slamming and makes it easy to adjust the buffering force, thereby increasing an efficiency in closing and opening a door and providing a user with a convenience.
  • a hinge type automatic door closer comprising: a housing of a cylindrical shape having an oil pressure control body integrally formed therewith at its one side; a connector having a cap-shaped configuration and engaged around a top of the housing; a door mounting plate mounted on a top end surface of a door and being combined with the housing; a door-frame mounting plate mounted on a door-frame and engaged around the connector by using a thread and fixed to the connector by a nut; a hinge shaft rotatably mounted within the housing and fixed to the door-frame through the connector; a piston engaged with the hinge shaft, being moved up and down within a cylinder chamber charged with fluid, and functioning as a check valve; a spring positioned under the piston to exert a restoring force for moving the piston up; and a pair of control valves for controlling flows of fluid through three passage ways and a passage way formed through the oil pressure control body.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a sectional view of a prior art hinge type automatic door closer
  • Fig. 2 offers an exploded perspective view of a hinge type automatic door closer in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 3 depicts a sectional view of the inventive hinge type automatic door closer
  • Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of the inventive hinge type automatic door closer shown in Fig. 3, when taken along a line A-A;
  • Fig. 5 sets forth a partial sectional view of a control rod of the inventive hinge type automatic door closer
  • Fig. 6 describes a perspective view of an application of the inventive hinge type automatic door closer to a door
  • Fig. 7 presents a sectional view of the inventive hinge type automatic door closer.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 represent sectional views of modifications of the present invention.
  • Figs. 2 illustrates an exploded perspective view of the present invention.
  • the inventive hinge type automatic door closer includes a housing 1 of a cylindrical shape having an oil pressure control body 2 integrally formed therewith at its one side, a semi circular wall protruding from a top of the housing 1 and provided with an internal spline gear la on an inner surface thereof.
  • a hinge shaft 3 is rotatably mounted within the housing 1.
  • the inventive hinge type automatic door closer further includes a connector 5 having a flange 5a at its lower end, a thread 5b formed at its flank portion, and a hexagonal hole 5c formed through the connector 5 into which an upper portion of the housing 1 is inserted.
  • the inventive door closer further includes a door mounting plate 6 mounted on a top end surface of a door 20 and having a spline gear 6a formed around a protruding portion, and a door-frame mounting plate 7 mounted on a door frame 30 and engaged around the connector 5 by using a thread and fixed to the connector 5 by a nut 8.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the housing 1.
  • the hinge shaft 3 is rotatably mounted within the housing 1.
  • the hinge shaft 3 includes a helical shaft 3b formed under a shaft flange 3a positioned on a middle portion, a hexagonal portion 3c formed on a lower portion and having a hexagonal cross section fitted into the hexagonal hole 5c of the connector 5, and a thread 3d formed on a top portion and engaged into a nut 16.
  • a bushing 9 and a packing 10 are installed on an upper surface of the hinge shaft 3 which contacts the housing 1.
  • a piston 11 is engaged with the helical shaft 3b and is moved up and down within a cylinder chamber lc charged with fluid, depending upon a rotational direction of the helical shaft 3b, since a key 11a retained between an external surface of the piston 11 and a key seat lb formed on an inner surface of the housing 1.
  • a center passage way lib through which the fluid enters an inside of the piston 11 when the piston 11 moves down is formed through a lower end of the piston 11.
  • a ball 14 is retained above the center passage way lib for a function of a check valve.
  • a cap 13 is engaged with a lower end of the housing 1.
  • a helix angle of the helical shaft 3b be as large as possible.
  • a plurality of grooves 3e are formed along a peripheral surface of the hinge shaft 3; and a bolt is retained through a threaded hole Id which is so positioned and arranged through the housing 1 as to allow the bolt to match the grooves 3e, in order to fix the hinge shaft 3 with respect to the housing 1.
  • a passage way 2a is formed through the oil pressure control body 2 integrally formed with the housing 1.
  • Three passage ways le are formed through the housing to allow an inside of the housing 1 to communicate with the passage way 2a. Two of them are positioned on an upside and a downside about a lower plate of the piston 11 staying in a top dead center, respectively; and rest is positioned on a lower portion of the housing 1.
  • a pair of control valves 4 are mounted on an upper portion and a lower portion of the oil pressure control body 2, respectively, to control fluid flow through the passage ways le. Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, controlling the flows through the passage ways le is performed by rotating the adjusting rod 4a of the control valve 4 within the passage way 2a. That is, the adjusting rod 4a has a vertical flat surface 4b which defines a certain space for allowing the fluid to flow therethrough within the passage way 2a along the same 2a.
  • the inventive hinge type automatic door closer constructed in this manner is assembled as follows: First, the mounting plates 6 and 7 are mounted and fixed to the door 20 and the door-frame 30, respectively. Next, the connector 5 is engaged through the mounting plates 6 and 7 and then the nut 8 is engaged around the connector 5. Next, the hinge shaft 3 protruding from the housing 1 is inserted into the connector 5. During this process, the internal spline gear la and the spline gear 6a are engaged with each other. Finally, a nut 16 is engaged with the thread of the hinge shaft 3.
  • the piston 11 be lowered at predetermined distance from its top dead center before the insertion of the hinge shaft into the connector 5. This can be done by rotating the hinge shaft 3 by a predetermined angle or turn to lower the piston 11 and then retaining the bolt through the threaded hole Id into one of the grooves 3e, allowing the hinge shaft 3 to be locked with respect to the housing 1.
  • the door 20 remains closely contacted to the door-frame 30 by a restoring force by the spring 12 depressed by the piston 11.
  • the hinge shaft 3 is not rotated since it is fixed to the door-frame 30 through the connector 5 and the door-frame mounting plate 7, whereas the housing 1 is rotated since it is fixed to the door 20 through the internal spline gear la and the door mounting plate 6.
  • the piston 11 locked to the housing in the rotational movement by the key lb rotates around the helical shaft 3b to be lowered, depressing the fluid and the spring 12. That is, the operator opens the door 20 against a proper force, i.e., the force depressing the spring 12 and the fluid.
  • the piston 11 is lowered, the fluid within the cylinder chamber lc is introduced into the space within the piston 11 through the center passage way lib.
  • the fluid introduced into the piston 11 is then introduced into the upper two passage ways le and then the passage way 2a through various gaps, e.g., a gap between the helical shaft 3b and the inner surface of the piston 11.
  • the opening speed of the door 20 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting rod 4a to control the cross section area for the flow of the fluid within the passage way 2a.
  • the piston blocks the passage way le of the middle one of three passage ways le.
  • the door being closed slowly and constantly is more slowly rotated, since it becomes more difficult for the fluid to be introduced into the passage way 2a. This is needed to reduce a shock or noise which may occurs when the door 20 is contacted to the door-frame 30.
  • the door 20 is first closed in a predetermined constant rotational speed and then is decelerated right before it is contacted to the door-frame 30.
  • Fig. 8 gives a modification of the present invention. As shown, contact between the hinge shaft 3 and the piston 11 is achieved through helical sliding surfaces 31 and 111 which are formed on a lower end of the hinge shaft 3 and an upper surface of the piston 11, respectively, and are fitted into each other. In this modification, when the housing 1 is rotated, the piston 11 is lowered, with its helical sliding surface 111 being misaligned with the helical sliding surface 31. Remainder components except the hinge shaft and the piston are identical to those in the foregoing embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 presents another modification of the present invention.
  • contact between the hinge shaft 3 and the piston 11 is achieved through slanted sliding surfaces 32 and 112 which are formed on a lower end of the hinge shaft 3 and an upper surface of the piston 11, respectively, and are fitted into each other.
  • the piston 11 is lowered, with its slanted sliding surface 112 sliding on the slanted sliding surface 32.
  • Remainder components except the hinge shaft and the piston are identical to those in the foregoing embodiment .
  • the housing 1 is designed to protrude out of the door 20 on a purpose of allowing the housing to be applicable to the established doors, it is possible that the housing is hidden from an outside view, when it is applied to a new door being manufactured.
  • the piston is adapted to vertically move under a proper pressure by the fluid, a proper closing and latching speed of the door is obtained. Further, the present invention permits an easy adjustment of the closing and latching speed through only a simple operation. Furthermore, the inventive door closer can be easily applied to the established doors without entailing a serious degradation of overall appearance; and can be mounted within a minimized space.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)
EP99916054A 1998-04-23 1999-04-23 Hinge type automatic door closer Withdrawn EP1073821A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR9814575 1998-04-23
KR19980014575 1998-04-23
KR9855489 1998-12-16
KR1019980055489A KR100263251B1 (ko) 1998-04-23 1998-12-16 도어용 힌지
PCT/KR1999/000194 WO1999054583A2 (en) 1998-04-23 1999-04-23 Hinge type automatic door closer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1073821A2 true EP1073821A2 (en) 2001-02-07

Family

ID=26633595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99916054A Withdrawn EP1073821A2 (en) 1998-04-23 1999-04-23 Hinge type automatic door closer

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1073821A2 (pt)
JP (1) JP2002512331A (pt)
KR (1) KR100263251B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1299433A (pt)
AU (1) AU3443599A (pt)
BR (1) BR9909930A (pt)
ID (1) ID26709A (pt)
TW (1) TW392032B (pt)
WO (1) WO1999054583A2 (pt)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8225458B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2012-07-24 Hoffberg Steven M Intelligent door restraint

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KR20020010787A (ko) * 2000-07-31 2002-02-06 이인성 수직형 도어 클로져
KR100385425B1 (ko) * 2000-08-25 2003-05-27 김영돈 도어안전개폐장치
KR20020030866A (ko) * 2000-10-18 2002-04-26 신경한 내장형 자동 도어클로져
AU2002227770C1 (en) * 2001-01-15 2005-07-14 D & D Group Pty Limited Closing device for gates and doors
AUPR251601A0 (en) * 2001-01-15 2001-02-08 D & D Group Pty Limited Closing device for gates
KR20020062406A (ko) * 2001-01-20 2002-07-26 주식회사 에스엔드씨테크 수직형 자동 도어클로져의 체결장치
KR100434953B1 (ko) * 2001-06-23 2004-06-09 정병웅 회전식 도어의 힌지장치
KR100456787B1 (ko) * 2002-02-07 2004-11-10 주식회사 에스엔드씨테크 개량된 피스톤구동구조를 갖는 자동닫힘 도어용 힌지
KR20030075806A (ko) * 2002-03-20 2003-09-26 주식회사 아이크 도어 개폐장치
KR100451853B1 (ko) * 2002-05-28 2004-10-08 피닉스코리아 주식회사 힌지장치
KR100644009B1 (ko) 2004-08-20 2006-11-10 주식회사 아이원이노텍 슬림형 자동복귀 힌지장치
JP4216794B2 (ja) * 2004-12-08 2009-01-28 日東工器株式会社 両開きドア用ヒンジ
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US20090025181A1 (en) * 2007-07-26 2009-01-29 George Burger Slow Closing Hinge Apparatus
DK2233672T3 (en) * 2007-11-27 2015-02-16 Sawa Corp Automatic door closing hinge and double swing door construction
JP4651684B2 (ja) * 2008-02-05 2011-03-16 株式会社サワ 両開用自動閉扉蝶番及び両開扉構造
KR101070178B1 (ko) 2008-06-17 2011-10-05 전윤정 자동개폐 도어에 적용되는 유압식 힌지
KR101109643B1 (ko) * 2009-05-27 2012-01-31 박형태 힌지축 지지 구조체 및 이를 포함하는 오토 힌지 도어 시스템
KR200454244Y1 (ko) * 2009-05-27 2011-06-23 문홍진 유압실린더가 구비된 싱크대 경첩
US8307503B1 (en) 2009-10-02 2012-11-13 George Burger Slow closing hinge apparatus
CN101839107A (zh) * 2010-04-30 2010-09-22 强强集团有限公司 带有闭门控速装置并能门停的安全门
CN101892786B (zh) * 2010-07-08 2012-10-31 瓯宝安防科技股份有限公司 一种闭门器
KR101253721B1 (ko) * 2011-07-26 2013-04-11 (주)디오 다기능 도어 닫음 장치
KR101249742B1 (ko) 2011-12-07 2013-04-02 신병철 유압식 댐퍼가 구비된 도어용 힌지
GB2506099B (en) * 2012-07-06 2015-09-16 Artco Watch Embryo Factory Ltd Damped hinge
KR101739403B1 (ko) * 2012-10-25 2017-05-24 엘지전자 주식회사 세탁물 처리기기
TWI491791B (zh) * 2013-02-04 2015-07-11 E Tai Entpr Co Ltd 油壓彈簧阻尼總成及其製造方法
EP3563021B1 (en) * 2016-12-27 2020-12-16 Locinox A hydraulically damped actuator
EP3342965A1 (en) * 2016-12-27 2018-07-04 Locinox Hydraulically damped, self closing hinge
CN106545249A (zh) * 2017-01-19 2017-03-29 刘睿勐 一种阻尼合页
KR102029312B1 (ko) * 2018-03-19 2019-11-08 동우정밀(주) 댐핑힌지
EP3828369A4 (en) * 2018-07-23 2022-04-20 Shandong Meiye Automation Technology Co., Ltd. HINGE BLADE STRUCTURE
GB2577068B (en) 2018-09-12 2020-09-09 Ford Global Tech Llc A motor vehicle having a door check mechanism
CN114046119B (zh) * 2022-01-13 2022-04-12 南通新华装饰工程有限公司 保温隔热断桥铝合金内开节能系统窗

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8225458B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2012-07-24 Hoffberg Steven M Intelligent door restraint
US9045927B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2015-06-02 Steven M. Hoffberg Intelligent door restraint
US9121217B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2015-09-01 Steven M. Hoffberg Intelligent door restraint
US9995076B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2018-06-12 Steven M. Hoffberg Intelligent door restraint

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR19990081808A (ko) 1999-11-15
CN1299433A (zh) 2001-06-13
WO1999054583A2 (en) 1999-10-28
BR9909930A (pt) 2001-09-11
KR100263251B1 (ko) 2000-08-01
ID26709A (id) 2001-02-01
AU3443599A (en) 1999-11-08
JP2002512331A (ja) 2002-04-23
TW392032B (en) 2000-06-01
WO1999054583A3 (en) 2000-08-03

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