EP1046760A1 - Vapour barrier membrane and insulating and waterproofing composite material comprising such membrane - Google Patents

Abstract

Para-steam membrane (1) comprises composite armature made of thin sheet of aluminum (2), or aluminum-base alloy, and grid (3 made with high mechanical resistance material. Composite armature is covered on both sides by bitumen-based material (4, 5). Low bitumen layer (5) has self-adhesive proprieties when placed on steel or concrete. An Independent claim is also included for the isolating complex for roofs.

Description

The present invention relates to the building sector, in particular waterproofing and insulation of roofs, and has for object a vapor barrier membrane, as well as an insulating and sealing complex or sealing comprising in particular such a membrane.

Usually, especially on steel roofs, the layers of insulating and waterproofing coatings are fixed on the roofs by through mechanical fasteners passing through the insulating layer and, if necessary, part of the vapor barrier membrane placed under the insulation and on the steel support.

However, such a fixation entails in the case of premises to high or very high humidity of the phenomena of condensation in the insulating layer and requires special care.

This generally results in a substantial decrease in properties of said insulating layer and ultimately a deterioration of this layer.

To try to overcome this drawback, three solutions have been proposed.

The first consists in making the insulating layer in one material insensitive to humidity, such as for example cellular glass, but it entails a significant additional material cost.

The second solution consists in sealing, with respect to rising steam, the supporting elements of the roof, such as for example ribbed steel sheets, at their areas of overlap and at the orifices of passage of the fixing means (screws or the like). The implementation of this solution is difficult to manage on site and tedious in its application.

The third solution proposed is to set up between the roof support components and the insulating layer a layer vapor barrier, intended to prevent the formation of condensation water in the insulation by forming a barrier between it and the interior of the building likely to present an atmosphere charged with water vapor.

Vapor barrier layers are generally of two types, know, a thin sheet decking coated with a bituminous membrane or a bituminous membrane placed directly on the steel sheets ribbed.

However, the first type of vapor barrier involves an additional cost important and overweight for the considered work and requires work additional sealing to achieve a vapor barrier layer perfectly waterproof against water vapor.

In addition, the second type of vapor barrier has resistance limited mechanics, especially at the level of the ribs of the sheets.

In addition, the bituminous membrane requires, in both cases mentioned above, the integration, in its thickness, of a continuous layer impervious to steam, especially aluminum foil, which can withstand bituminous coating temperatures.

However, these aluminum layers have a resistance mechanical limited and are extremely sensitive to creases.

To try to overcome these drawbacks, it has been proposed to integrate into the structure of the vapor barrier, during its formation by bituminous coating, simultaneously with aluminum foil, a reinforcement in synthetic or mineral nonwoven.

Although resulting in some strengthening of the structure of the resulting vapor barrier, this latter proposal does not help increasing the mechanical resistance of the aluminum foil to during the bituminous coating process and the spatial dissociation of this last with the nonwoven reinforcement limits the transfer of properties of this last to said aluminum foil and allows relative movement between these two components detrimental to the good performance of the vapor barrier.

In addition, the nonwoven webs can constitute cavities. or fibrous lumps capable of retaining moisture and the webs themselves can permeate by capillarity and thus allow penetration of water in the thickness of the vapor barrier.

In addition, the bitumen must be force-impregnated in order for it to be present over the entire thickness of the tablecloth.

The present invention aims in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

For this purpose, it relates to a vapor barrier membrane based bitumen, characterized in that it comprises a composite reinforcement consisting of a thin sheet of aluminum and a grid in one material with high mechanical resistance, joined together by laminating, said composite reinforcement being coated on both sides with layers of bitumen-based materials, possibly of compositions different.

la figure 1 est une vue partielle en élévation latérale et en coupe d'une membrane pare-vapeur selon l'invention, et,

la figure 2 est une vue partielle en élévation latérale et en coupe d'un complexe isolant et étanchéifiant pour toitures, en particulier formées de tôles d'acier nervurées, intégrant une membrane pare-vapeur telle que représentée sur la figure 1.

The invention will be better understood from the description below, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting example, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a partial view in side elevation and in section of a vapor barrier membrane according to the invention, and,

FIG. 2 is a partial view in side elevation and in section of an insulating and sealing complex for roofs, in particular formed from ribbed steel sheets, incorporating a vapor barrier membrane as shown in FIG. 1.

As the latter shows, said vapor barrier membrane 1 comprises a composite reinforcement constituted by a thin sheet continuous aluminum 2 or an aluminum-based alloy and by a grid 3 made of a material with high mechanical resistance, assembled together by laminating, said composite reinforcement 2, 3 being coated on its two faces of layers of bitumen-based materials 4 and 5 possibly of different compositions (one layer per side).

The intimate connection of the grid 3 with the sheet 2 makes it possible to reinforce the latter in a controlled manner by giving it in particular sufficient mechanical strength and dimensional stability in the direction of travel during bituminous coating.

The use of a grid 3, which does not form any cavity or cluster fibrous, prevents water retention, does not allow water penetration by capillarity and does not require any force impregnation of the bitumen (a simple coating is enough) to cover all the threads or filaments and be intimately applied against the aluminum foil 2, in order to obtain a full membrane, without empty bitumen cavity.

In addition, the grid 3 / sheet 2 connection by suitable bonding prevents any drilling or perforation of said aluminum sheet and allows keep a continuous layer of aluminum and therefore to said membrane composite 1 to be used as a vapor barrier.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite reinforcement is composed of a grid of wires or filaments high-strength synthetic or mineral continuous materials, especially of glass wire grid 3, laminated on a thin aluminum sheet 2 having, if necessary, a hammered surface favoring the adhesion of layers of bituminous materials and bending without generating lines of crease or weakened lines.

The son or filaments of the grid 3 may advantageously be treated or trained to be completely powerless by capillarity. The advantageous implementation of a grid 3 of glass strands gives membrane 1 a high mechanical resistance and an absence elongation under stress, at least in the directions of orientation of said sons.

According to a characteristic of the invention, the upper layer of the bituminous coating 4 is treated to present a surface 4 'to privileged attachment especially for fixing an insulating layer 6 traditional thermal and / or acoustic.

Advantageously the upper layer of the coating bituminous 4 has a surface 4 'sanded or having been subjected to a similar treatment, allowing hot and / or cold bonding of the insulation layer 6.

In order to allow fixing without mechanical means and without piercing of the vapor barrier membrane 1, the covering layer bituminous lower 5 consists of a bituminous mixture with properties sticky, preferably self-adhesive when cold on steel or concrete.

Because of its intimate strengthening and stiffening, prior to coating operations, it will also be possible to reduce the thickness of the aluminum layer to a minimum value necessary for its coating and to form a vapor barrier efficient.

Thus, the aluminum sheet 2 may have a thickness between 10 µm and 100 µm, preferably between 20 µm and 70 µm, and the glass grid 3 be made up of glass strands of title between 40 tex and 100 tex, preferably between 60 tex and 80 tex and arranged in a network with two components substantially orthogonal to each other, the 3 'wires, 3 "of each component being spaced by an interval between 1.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 4 mm.

The sheet / grid laminating can be done using an adhesive suitable for the materials present and resistant to temperatures bituminous coating, for example an acrylic emulsion type adhesive and / or butadiene.

The subject of the present invention is also, as shown in particular Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, an insulating complex or system and waterproofing for roofs, in particular of buildings subjected to high or very high humidity, characterized in that it is mainly made up, on the one hand, by a vapor barrier membrane 1 as described above resting on the support or the roof support elements, on the other hand, by a layer of insulating material 6 added by cold or hot gluing on said vapor barrier membrane 1 and, finally, by one or more layer (s) of exterior waterproofing coating 7 added to said layer insulating 6, by cold gluing, hot gluing or thermofusion.

In this application, it can be advantageously provided that the vapor barrier membrane 1 has a self-adhesive cold underside on steel and / or concrete and is attached by bonding to the support elements 8 components of the roof, such as ribbed steel sheets, allowing remove any mechanical fastening likely to pass through the membrane vapor barrier 1, the insulating layer 6 and / or the steel tanks.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the mode of embodiment described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, especially from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without going out of the protection field of the invention.

Claims (7)

Bitumen-based vapor barrier membrane, characterized in that it comprises a composite reinforcement constituted by a thin sheet continuous aluminum (2) or an aluminum-based alloy and by a grid made of a material with high mechanical resistance, assembled together by lamination, said composite reinforcement (2, 3) being coated on its two faces of layers of bitumen-based materials (4 and 5) possibly of different compositions. Vapor barrier membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that the top layer of the bituminous coating (4) is treated to have a surface (4 ') with privileged attachment, for example a surface (4 ') sandblasted or having been subjected to a similar treatment allowing a hot and / or cold bonding of an insulating layer (6). Vapor barrier membrane according to any one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the composite reinforcement is composed of a grid of synthetic continuous yarns or filaments or high resistance minerals, in particular a grid of glass strands (3), laminated on a thin aluminum sheet (2) presenting, if necessary if necessary, a hammered surface. Vapor barrier membrane according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coating layer lower bituminous (5) consists of a bituminous mixture with properties sticky, preferably self-adhesive when cold on steel or concrete. Vapor barrier membrane according to any one of Claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the aluminum foil (2) has a thickness of between 10 µm and 100 µm, preferably between 20 µm and 70 µm, and in that the glass grid (3) consists of wires of title glass between 40 tex and 100 tex, preferably between 60 tex and 80 tex, and arranged in a two-component network substantially orthogonal to each other, the wires (3 ', 3 ") of each component being spaced between 1.5 mm and 10 mm. preferably between 3 mm and 4 mm. Insulating and sealing complex for roofs, in particular buildings subject to high or very high humidity, characterized in that consists mainly, on the one hand, of a vapor barrier membrane (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 resting on the support or the roof support elements, on the other hand, by a layer of material insulator (6) attached by bonding to said vapor barrier membrane (1) and, finally, by one or more layer (s) of waterproof coating (7) external reported (s) on said insulating layer (6), by cold bonding, hot or thermofusion. Complex according to claim 6, characterized in that the vapor barrier membrane (1) has a self-adhesive cold underside on steel and / or concrete and is attached by bonding to the support elements (8) components of the roof, such as ribbed steel sheets.

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