Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin

Definitions

• This invention relates to metal-polymer laminates useful for fabricating articles, such as beverage containers and aerosol containers.
• Metal-polymer laminates are known and are described, for example, in U.S. Patents 4,626,157; 4,423,823; 4,034,132; 4,686,152; 4,734,303 and 4,361 ,020.
• the polymers employed in preparing the laminates include polyesters, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyimide and blends thereof. Films prepared from these polymers suffer from their inadequate adhesion to the metal, their inability to elongate during metal forming due to the highly oriented nature of the polymer film, and their tendency to delaminate during forming and/or end-use application.
• Thin polyolefin-based films with polar comonomer adhesive layers while offering good adhesion characteristics to metal, and good elongation during metal laminate forming, can suffer from inadequate laminate cuttability (resulting in coating "stringing"), and inadequate scratch resistance and end-use toughness.
• the present invention is a laminate structure comprising one or more layers of a metal and one or more layers of a hydroxy-functional polyether (hydroxy- functional polyether) and, optionally, one or more layers of an organic polymer which is not hydroxy-functional polyether.
• the present invention is a container comprising a laminate structure having one or more layers of a metal and one or more layers of a hydroxy- functional polyether (hydroxy-functional polyether) and, optionally, one or more layers of an organic polymer which is not hydroxy-functional polyether.
• hydroxy-functional polyetherhydroxy-functional polyethers employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the polymer layer(s) are:
• each Ar individually represents a divalent aromatic moiety, substituted divalent aromatic moiety or heteroaromatic moiety, or a combination of different divalent aromatic moieties, substituted aromatic moieties or heteroaromatic moieties;
• R is individually hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbyl moiety;
• each Ar 1 is a divalent aromatic moiety or combination of divalent aromatic moieties bearing amide or hydroxymethyl groups;
• each Ar 2 is the same or different than Ar and is individually a divalent aromatic moiety, substituted aromatic moiety or heteroaromatic moiety or a combination of different divalent aromatic moieties, substituted aromatic moieties or heteroaromatic moieties;
• R is individually a predominantly hydrocarbylene moiety, such as a divalent aromatic moiety, substituted divalent aromatic moiety, divalent heteroaromatic moiety, divalent alkylene moiety, divalent substituted alkylene moiety or divalent heteroalkylene moiety or a combination of such moieties;
• R 2 is individually a mono
• Y is nil, a covalent bond, or a linking group, wherein suitable linking groups include, for example, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl atom, a sulfonyl group, or a methylene group or similar linkage; n is an integer from 10 to 1000; x is 0.01 to 1.0; and y is 0 to 0.5.
• hydroxy-functional polyethers represented by Formula I can be prepared, for example, by allowing a diglycidyl ether or combination of diglycidyl ethers to react with a dihydric phenol or a combination of dihydric phenols using the process described in U.S. Patent 5,164,472.
• the hydroxy-functional polyethers are obtained by allowing a dihydric phenol or combination of dihydric phenols to react with an epihalohydrin by the process described by Reinking, Barnabeo and Hale in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Volume 7, page 2135 (1963).
• the amide- and hydroxymethyl-functional polyethers represented by Formula II can be prepared, for example, by reacting the diglycidyl ethers, such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, with a dihydric phenol having pendant amido, N-substituted amido and/or hydroxyalkyl moieties, such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide and 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide.
• diglycidyl ethers such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A
• a dihydric phenol having pendant amido, N-substituted amido and/or hydroxyalkyl moieties such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide and 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide.
• the hydroxy-functional poly(ether sulfonamides) represented by Formula III are prepared, for example, by polymerizing an N,N'-dialkyl or N,N'-diaryldisulfonamide with a diglycidyl ether as described in U.S. Patent 5,149,768.
• the poly(hydroxy amide ethers) represented by Formula IV are prepared by contacting a bis(hydroxyphenylamido)alkane or arene, or a combination of 2 or more of these compounds, such as N,N'-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl) adipamide or N,N'-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)glutaramide, with an epihalohydrin as described in U.S. Patent 5,134,218.
• the poly(hydroxy ester ethers) represented by Formula V are prepared by reacting diglycidyl ethers of aliphatic or aromatic diacids, such as diglycidyl terephthalate, or diglycidyl ethers of dihydric phenols with, aliphatic or aromatic diacids such as adipic acid or isophthalic acid. These polyesters are described in U.S. Patent 5,171 ,820.
• the poly(hydroxy amide ethers) represented by Formula VI are preferably prepared by contacting an N,N'-bis(hydroxyphenylamido)alkane or arene with a diglycidyl ether as described in U.S. Patents 5,089,588 and 5,143,998.
• the polyetheramines represented by Formula VII are prepared by contacting one or more of the diglycidyl ethers of a dihydric phenol with an amine having two amine hydrogens under conditions sufficient to cause the amine moieties to react with epoxy moieties to form a polymer backbone having amine linkages, ether linkages and pendant hydroxyl moieties. These polyetheramines are described in U.S. Patent5,275,853.
• the hydroxy-functional polyethers represented by Formula VIII are prepared, for example, by contacting at least one dinucleophilic monomer with at least one diglycidyl ether of a cardo bisphenol, such as 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, phenolphthalein, or phenolphthalimidine or a substituted cardo bisphenol, such as a substituted bis(hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, a substituted phenolphthalein or a substituted phenolphthalimidine under conditions sufficient to cause the nucleophilic moieties of the dinucleophilic monomer to react with epoxy moieties to form a polymer backbone containing pendant hydroxy moieties and ether, imino, amino, sulfonamido or ester linkages.
• a cardo bisphenol such as 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, phenolphthalein, or phenolphthalimidine
• a substituted cardo bisphenol such as a substituted bis(hydroxypheny
• hydroxy-functional polyethers are described in U.S. Application Serial No. 131 ,110, filed October 1 , 1993.
• the hydroxy-functional polyethers commercially available from Phenoxy Associates, Inc. are suitable for use in the present invention.
• These hydroxy- functional polyethers are the condensation reaction products of a dihydric polynuclear phenol, such as bisphenol A, and an epihalohydrin and have the repeating units represented by Formula I wherein Ar is an isopropylidene diphenylene moiety. The process for preparing them are described in U.S. Patent 3,305,528.
• hydroxy-functional polyethers employed in the practice of the present invention are the polyetheramines represented by Formula VII.
• the hydroxy-functional polyethers exhibit a molecular weight of at least 20,000 but less than 100,000, and preferably at least 30,000 and less than 80,000. Hydroxy-functional polyethers having low molecular weight or exceedingly high molecular weight are difficult to process and exhibit insufficient physical properties to form into flexible films or adequately wet-out and adhere to a metal substrate.
• the polyethers can be modified by known copolymerization or graft copolymerization techniques or by cross-linking with ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or anhydride precursor such as succinic or maleic anhydride; diisocyanates, or formaldehydes, such as phenol-, urea- or melamine formaldehyde.
• Such reactions can be performed by a reactive extrusion process wherein the reactants are fed into and reacted in an extruder using the conditions described in
• Monolayer and multilayer films can be prepared from the hydroxy-functional polyethers by using conventional extrusion techniques such as feedblock extrusion, multimanifold or die coextrusion or combinations of the two, or by slot-die casting or annular blown film extrusion; extrusion coating onto another substrate layer; or by solvent spraying or solution casting.
• Solution casting is a well known process and is described, for example, in the Plastics Engineering Handbook of the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc, 4th Edition, page 448.
• multiple plies of hydroxy-functional polyethers and/or other organic polymers can be adhered together via a conventional process such as hot-roll thermal lamination in order to produce a multi-ply structure.
• multilayer films can be formed from the hydroxy-functional polyethers of the present invention by coextruding one or more layers of the hydroxy-functional polyethers and one or more layers of an organic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functional polyether.
• Such multilayered structures can be beneficially used to achieve composite properties not attainable by monolayer film or multicomponent blends.
• One such example involves the use of coextrusion to add an organic adhesive layer to an otherwise poorly adhering hydroxy- functional polyether to bond the phenoxyether polymer to a metal substrate.
• thermoplastic polyurethanes TPU
• thermoplastic elastomer TPE
• polyester PET
• glycol-modified copolyester PETG
• polyolefins or other thermoplastic resins can be blended with the hydroxy-functional polyether at levels of less than 50 weight percent and, preferably less than 30 weight percent, based on the weight of the hydroxy-functional polyether layer.
• These other polymers can be blended into the hydroxy-functional polyether in order to reduce composition cost, to modify physical properties, barrier or permeability properties, or adhesion characteristics.
• Additives such as fillers, pigments, stabilizers, impact modifiers, plasticizers, carbon black, conductive metal particles, abrasives and lubricating polymers may be incorporated into the hydroxy-functional polyether films.
• the method of incorporating the additives is not critical.
• the additives can conveniently be added to the hydroxy-functional polyether prior to preparing the films. If the polymer is prepared in solid form, the additives can be added to the melt prior to preparing the films.
• the hydroxy-functional polyether films exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of at least 7,000 psi, a yield elongation of 4 to 10 percent, an ultimate elongation of 50 to 400 percent and a 2 percent secant modulus of at least 200,000 psi.
• the relatively high tensile strength, high modulus and low elongation of the film allows the film laminate to be cut and stamped in a high speed die cutting operation without undesirable film elongation and stringing over the edge of the cut metal laminate in an operation used to produce aerosol valve mounting cups.
• stringing refers to a partially attached polymeric coating fiber or "hair" caused by the incomplete cutting of the metal laminate coating.
• the tough, elongatable polymeric coating is stretched over the cut edge of the metal where it is partially cut off, leaving either a ragged edge of polymer or a thin partially detached polymer strip, hair, string or fiber. It is also desirable that the hydroxy- functional polyether film exhibits a minimum of 2.0 lb/inch adhesion to a metal substrate, preferably a minimum of at least 3.0 lb/inch.
• the monolayer film comprises the hydroxy-functional polyether.
• the multilayer film can be in the form of the following structures: (1 ) a two-layer film comprising a first layer of the hydroxy-functional polyether and a second layer comprising an organic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functional polyether.
• (2) a three-layer film comprising a first outer layer of an organic polymer, a core layer of the hydroxy-functional polyether and a second outer layer of an organic polymer which is the same as or different from the organic polymer of the first outer layer;
• a three-layer film comprising a first outer layer of the hydroxy-functional polyether, a core layer of an organic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functional polyether and a second outer layer of an organic polymer which is the same as or different from the organic polymer of the core layer; or (4) a three-layer film comprising a first outer layer of the hydroxy-functional polyether, a core layer of an organic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functional polyether and a second outer layer of a hydroxy-functional polyether which is the same as or different from the hydroxy-functional polyether of the first outer layer.
• Organic polymers which are not hydroxy-functional polyethers which can be employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the multilayer film include crystalline thermoplastic polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), amorphous thermoplastic polyesters such as glycol modified polyester (PETG); polyamides, polyolefins, and [polyolefins] styrenics based on monovinyl aromatic monomers; carboxylic acid modified olefin copolymers, such as ethylene-acrylic acid and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers, and anhydride-modified polymers, such as polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride, ethylene-vinyl acetate-grafted with maleic anhydride and ethylene-butylacrylate-maleic anhydride terpolymer.
• crystalline thermoplastic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), amorphous thermoplastic polyesters such as glycol modified polyester (PETG); polyamides, polyo
• Polyesters and methods for their preparation are well known in the art and reference is made thereto for the purposes of this invention.
• reference is particularly made to pages 1-62 of Volume 12 of the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 1988 revision, John Wiley & Sons.
• Polyamides which can be employed in the practice of the present invention include the various grades of nylon, such as nylon 6, nylon 66 and nylon 12. Also included are lower molecular weight and lower viscosity polyamide copolymers which are used as hot-melt adhesives and which are well known in the art and are commercially available from numerous suppliers.
• Polyolefins which can be employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the multilayer laminate structure include polypropylene, polyethylene, and copolymers and blends thereof, as well as ethylene-propylenediene terpolymers.
• Preferred polyolefins are polypropylene, linear high density polyethylene (HDPE), heterogeneously branched linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) such as DOWLEXTM polyethylene resin (a Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) heterogeneously-branched ultra low linear density polyethylene (ULDPE) such as ATTANETM ULDPE (a Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company); homogeneously-branched, linear ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers such as TAFMERTM (a trademark of Mitsui Petrochemicals Company Limited) and EXACTTM (a trademark of Exxon Chemical Company); homogeneously-branched, substantially linear ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin polymers such as AFFINITYTM (a Trademark of The Dow Chemical
• ENGAGETM a Trademark of du Pont Dow Elastomers L.L.C. polyolefin elastomers, which can be prepared as disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,272,236 and 5,278,272; and high pressure, free radical polymerized ethylene polymers and copolymers such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene-acrylic acid (EAA) copolymers such as PRIMACORTM (Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers such as ESCORENETM polymers (a Trademark of Exxon Chemical Company), and ELVAXTM (a Trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.).
• LDPE low density polyethylene
• EAA ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers
• EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
• ESCORENETM polymers a Trademark of Exxon Chemical Company
• ELVAXTM a Trademark of E
• the more preferred polyolefins are the homogeneously-branched linear and substantially linear ethylene copolymers with a density (measured in accordance with ASTM D-792) of 0.85 to 0.965 g/cm 3 , a weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight ratio (M M n ) from 1.5 to 3.0, a measured melt index (measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238 (190/2.16)) of 0.01 to 100 g/10 min, and an l 10 /l 2 of 6 to 20 (measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238 (190/10)).
• high density polyethylene has a density of at least about 0.94 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc) (ASTM Test Method D-1505).
• HDPE is commonly produced using techniques similar to the preparation of linear low density polyethylenes. Such techniques are described in U.S. Patents 2,825,721 ; 2,993,876; 3,250,825 and 4,204,050.
• the preferred HDPE employed in the practice of the present invention has a density of from 0.94 to 0.99 g/cc and a melt index of from 0.01 to 35 grams per 10 minutes as determined by ASTM Test Method D-1238.
• Styrenics based on monovinyl aromatic monomers which can be employed in the practice of the present invention include polystyrene, polymethylstyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, styrene/methylstyrene or styrene/chlorostyrene copolymers.
• organic polymers which can be employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the multilayer film include polyhexamethylene adipamide, polycaprolactone, polyhexamethylene sebacamide, polyethylene 2,6-naphthalate and polyethylene 1 ,5-naphthalate, polytetramethylene 1 ,2-dioxybenzoate and copolymers of ethylene terephthalate and ethylene isophthalate.
• the thickness of the monolayer or multilayer film is dependent on a number of factors, including the intended use, materials stored in the container, the length of storage prior to use and the specific composition employed in each layer of the laminate structure.
• the monolayer film will have a thickness of from 0.1 to 10.0 mils, preferably from 0.2 to 5.0 mils and most preferably, 0.4 to 1.0 mils.
• the multilayer film will have a total thickness of from 0.1 to 10.0 mils, preferably from 0.2 to 5.0 mils; with the thickness of the hydroxy-functional polyether layer(s) being from 10 percent to 90 percent, and preferably 20 percent to 80 percent of the total film thickness.
• the metals which can be employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the polymer-metal or polymer-metal-polymer laminate include tin plate steel (TPS), tin-free steel (TFS), electrochrome-coated steel (ECCS), galvanized steel, high strength low alloy steel, stainless steel, copper-plated steel, copper and aluminum.
• the preferred metals are tin plate steel and tin-free steel.
• the metal is in the form of a flat sheet having two major surfaces.
• the metal typically ranges from 3 to 20 mils in thickness, although the hydroxy-functional polyether film can be adhered to any gauge metal. It is within the scope of this present invention to laminate the hydroxy- functional polyether film to thin metal foil such as 0.2 to 2 mil aluminum foil used in flexible packaging.
• the polymer-metal or polymer-metal-polymer laminates of the present invention can be prepared by conventional lamination techniques.
• specific laminating techniques include thermal lamination, that is, whereby an inherently melt activated adhesive film is heated and melt-bonded to a metal substrate by means of heat and pressure; or liquid coating and laminating, that is, whereby a separate adhesive such as a solvent-borne or aqueous-based adhesive is applied to the polymeric film or metal substrate at a desired thickness, the liquid driven off by a drying oven, and combining the film and the metal with heat and pressure to bond the two layers together.
• thermal lamination that is, whereby an inherently melt activated adhesive film is heated and melt-bonded to a metal substrate by means of heat and pressure
• liquid coating and laminating that is, whereby a separate adhesive such as a solvent-borne or aqueous-based adhesive is applied to the polymeric film or metal substrate at a desired thickness, the liquid driven off by a drying oven, and combining the film and the metal with heat and pressure to bond the two layers together.
• a hot-melt adhesive can be melted and applied by means of slot die coating or roll coating onto either the film or the metal and joining the two plies of film and metal together with pressure using the molten hot-melt adhesive to intimately bond the structure together, followed by cooling.
• a two-ply laminate comprising a polymer film layer and a metal layer can be prepared in accordance with the present invention by contacting one of the major surfaces of the metal layer with the polymer film at an elevated temperature with concurrent application of pressure.
• a three-ply laminate comprising a polymer film layer, a metal layer and a polymer film layer is formed by applying to the remaining major surface of the metal layer another polymer film layer which is the same as or different from the other polymer film layer.
• the polymer-metal or polymer-metal-polymer laminates can have any one of the following structures:
• a three-ply laminate comprising a first outer layer of a co-extruded hydroxy-functional polyether/PETG film, a core layer of a metal and a second outer layer of an organic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functional polyether.
• the organic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functional polyether is polypropylene.
• the organic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functional polyether can be a blend of two or more different organic polymers.
• an aerosol container comprises a can body or wall, which may be formed in one piece, or which may comprise a can body cylinder closed at its bottom end by an end member and at its top end by a domed cover member.
• the one-piece aerosol can body, or the domed cover member has a mouth which is itself closed by a valve cup, carrying the aerosol dispensing valve.
• the valve cup is usually swaged on to the body.
• the polymer-metal or polymer-metal-polymer laminates of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of aerosol valve mounting cups, aerosol can domes and bottoms and can wall or body assembly.
• the polymer-metal or polymer-metal-polymer laminates of the present invention may be employed in the preparation of other containers where a chemical, corrosion and pressure resistant seal is desired.
• the bottom of such cans may be stamped and formed from metal-polymer laminates and joined to the cylindrical sides of the can by formation of a crimped seal. The resulting seam is impervious to solvents and other chemicals shipped in the container and maintains a leak-proof seal.
• Formation of such metal cans using the components formed from the present metal-polymer laminate eliminates the need for separate application of a gasketing material such as an isoprene rubber around the perimeter of a circular-shaped blank and the curing thereof with its concomitant solvent emissions. Utilizing coated metals according to the present invention streamlines the metal paint can manufacturing process, resulting in improved efficiency.
• the polymer-metal laminates of the present invention can be deep-drawn into formed containers such as beverage containers or food packaging containers or metal bulk packaging containers.
• the thermoplastic nature of the hydroxy-functional polyether film allows the polymeric coating to sufficiently elongate and draw as the can structure is mechanically formed.
• Conventional thermoset coatings such as cured epoxy coatings are fairly brittle and will fracture upon significant elongation of the metal substrate, such as occurs during deep drawing of 1 -piece can bodies.
• large metal structures such as domestic appliance shells can be fabricated from the polymer-metal laminates of the present invention.
• a hydroxy-functional polyether (hydroxy-functional polyether) film laminate can replace the cured solvent-based primer and/or paint finish typically used with preformed postpainted appliance shells.
• the ductility and formability of pigmented hydroxy-functional polyether film-metal laminate permits the precoated coiled steel to be formed into the appliance shell without needing to be painted after forming.”
• a monolayer 0.8 mil (20 micron) hydroxy-phenoxyether (phenoxy) film was produced via conventional cast film extrusion using a phenoxy resin having a Tg of 100°C and a molecular weight of 50,000, available from Phenoxy Associates as PaPhen PKFE.
• the film was extruded at a melt temperature of 225°C, quenched on a chill roll at 65°C, further cooled to 30°C, and wound into a film roll.
• the 0.8 mil film was then separately thermally laminated onto pre-heated 10.5 mil tin plate steel at a temperature of 204°C (400°F) using a continuous coil metal lamination process and then quenched to room temperature using forced air cooling, followed by water-cooled chill rolls.
• the phenoxy film exhibits excellent adhesion to the metal and could not be delaminated from the metal without cohesive failure (tearing) of the film at peel levels greater than 3.0 lb/inch.
• a two-layer coextruded 0.6 mil film was produced from a glycol-modified copolyester (PETG), available from Eastman Chemical Company as PETG 6763 resin and a phenoxy resin (PaPhen PKFE).
• PETG resin was extruded at a melt temperature of 225°C in one layer, while the phenoxy resin was extruded at 225°C in a second adjacent layer.
• the 0.6 mil film comprises a 60 percent PETG layer and 40 percent phenoxy layer, based on the film thickness.
• the coextruded two-layer film was quenched on a chill roll at 65°C, further cooled to 30°C, and wound into a film roll.
• the 0.6 mil film was then thermally laminated onto pre-heated 10.5 mil tin plate steel at a temperature of 204°C (400°F) with the phenoxy layer bonded to the metal and then quenched to room temperature using forced-air cooling followed by water-cooled chill rolls.
• the phenoxy/PETG film could not be delaminated from the metal without destructive tearing of the film.
• the two-layer phenoxy/PETG film of Example 2 was thermally laminated to a 10.5 mil tin plate steel at a temperature of 204°C (400°F) with the PETG layer contacting the preheated metal.
• the film exhibited excellent adhesion to the metal and could not be delaminated.
• a monolayer film of a poly(hydroxy amino ether) (PHAE) resin was made on a conventional cast film line.
• the PHAE resin was produced from the reaction of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and monoethanolamine (MEA) following the procedure described in U.S. Patent 5,275,853, and had a T g of 70°C and a molecular weight of 60,000.
• DGEBA diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A
• MEA monoethanolamine
• the film was thermally laminated to a 10.5 mil tin plate steel, a 6 mil aluminum and a 6 mil ECCS at a temperature of 204°C. In all three cases, the PHAE film exhibits excellent adhesion to metal and could not be peeled from the metal.
• a two-layer coextruded film of PHAE and ethylene-acrylic acid (9 percent AA) was made via conventional cast film coextrusion. Both resins were extruded at 210°C and quenched at 65°C prior to being further cooled to 30°C and rolled into a film roll.
• the 1.0 mil film was produced with a layer ratio of 50 percent of PHAE and 50 percent of ethylene- acrylic acid (EAA).
• EAA ethylene- acrylic acid
• the film was then thermally laminated to a preheated tin plate steel at 204°C, with the EAA layer of the coextruded film contacting and adhering to the steel.
• the film exhibited in excess of 3.0 lb/inch adhesion to the metal and could not be peeled without destruction of the film.
• a 0.6 mil biaxially oriented polyester (OPET) film was coated with a solvent-based phenoxy solution (40 percent phenoxy solids in methyl-ethyl ketone, available from Phenoxy Associates as UCAR PKHS-40).
• a conventional liquid coater was used to apply the wet liquid coating to one side of the OPET film.
• the wet-coated film was then transported through a multizone hot air impingement drying oven (zone temperatures: 90°F to 150°F, 32°C to 65°C) to dry off the solvent, leaving a 0.2 mil solid phenoxy layer on the 0.6 mil OPET film.
• the 0.8 mil coated OPET film was then wound into a roll.
• the film was later thermally laminated onto pre-heated tin plate steel at 204°C using a coil metal lamination line, with the phenoxy layer adhered to the metal surface.
• the hot laminate was then quenched to room temperature using forced-air cooling and water-cooled chill rolls.
• the metal laminates of Examples 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were drawn and formed into a 33 mm diameter by 12 mm deep cup using a Tinius Olsen Ductomatic BUP 200 metal forming press. Cups with the laminate thin film on the outside of the cup and with the laminate thin film on the inside of the cup were produced. The thin films exhibitedexcellent adhesion to the formed metal with no film delamination observed.
• Multilayered metal laminates using the same phenoxy-based films of Examples 1 ,2,3 and 4 were produced with a coextruded 7.2 mil polypropylene (PP)-ultra linear low density polyethylene (ULLDPE) blend film simultaneously laminated onto the opposite side of the metal from the phenoxy-based film.
• the polypropylene film was a two-layer coextrusion with a 50 percent PP and 50 percent ULLDPE main layer (85 percent of film gauge) and a maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene adhesive layer (15 percent of film gauge), which was made in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Patent 5, 006,383.
• the 7.2 mil PP film was laminated to the top side of a preheated 10.5 mil tin plate steel and the respective Example 1 , 2, 3 or 4 phenoxy-based film of 0.5 to 0.8 mil gauge was laminated to the bottom side of the steel.
• Thermal lamination was conducted at 204°C on a continuous coil steel lamination coating process. After lamination, the two-sided coated steel was cooled, wound into a roll, and later slit to desired widths. The slit narrow web coils were later stamped into intricately shaped 25 mm diameter aerosol valve mounting cups (AVMC) using a commercial continuous 14-station multidie press.
• AVMC aerosol valve mounting cups
• Each of the laminated structures exhibited good formability and drawability and no signs of film delamination.
• the aerosol valve mounting cups were then further converted into aerosol valve assemblies by the addition of a valve, actuator and stem assembly using a commercial valve assembly operation.

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