EP1037220A2 - Transformator und Verfahren zur Kühlung eines Transformators - Google Patents
Transformator und Verfahren zur Kühlung eines Transformators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1037220A2 EP1037220A2 EP00250096A EP00250096A EP1037220A2 EP 1037220 A2 EP1037220 A2 EP 1037220A2 EP 00250096 A EP00250096 A EP 00250096A EP 00250096 A EP00250096 A EP 00250096A EP 1037220 A2 EP1037220 A2 EP 1037220A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- cooling
- transformer
- cooling element
- combination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/085—Cooling by ambient air
Definitions
- the invention relates to a transformer with a first, a second and a third winding combination, the each standing and next to each other in ascending count are arranged in a row and each have a cooling element exhibit.
- Such a transformer is known from GEAFOL cast resin transformers, 100 to 2500 kVA "from the Trafo-Union, Nuremberg 1995.
- the transformer is designed as a cast resin three-phase transformer and has three standing winding combinations arranged side by side in a row. Each of the winding combinations is enclosed one of the legs of a three-leg transformer core and is assigned to a phase of a three-phase network.
- the winding combinations are all the same and each have a high-voltage winding cast in cast resin on the undervoltage winding cast in resin coaxially surrounding leaving a space.
- Each the windings are made up of a plurality of turns electrical conductor formed.
- the three winding combinations In normal operation of the well-known three-phase transformer the three winding combinations each with one largely the same normal electrical power. This leads to a warming of the high voltage and Undervoltage windings and their insulation.
- a The parameter is the limit temperature of the insulation. A inadmissible heating of the insulation, i.e. exceeding the limit temperature, can lead to premature aging of the Isolation with a resulting reduction their insulation strength.
- the Windings at high temperatures have a high ohmic Resistance to.
- the winding combinations are cooled by air cooling. In order to achieve the highest possible cooling performance, in the space between the winding combination coaxially as cylindrical tube trained cooling cylinder arranged, and with every winding combination.
- Every cooling cylinder is non-contact to high voltage winding and non-contact arranged for undervoltage winding. This makes everyone Space through the cooling cylinder arranged in it one between the high voltage winding and the cooling cylinder located outer ring channel and in one between the Cooling cylinder and the undervoltage winding inner ring channel divided. The one in the windings everyone Winding combination generated heat is directly to the air flowing through the inner and outer ring channels and additionally by radiation on the in the winding combination arranged cooling cylinder delivered. The Cooling cylinder transfers the heat absorbed to it air flowing along. The air forms a vertical Air flow from bottom to top through the outer and the inner ring channel. This air cooling is overheating of insulation avoided and ohmic resistance the conductor from which the windings are formed is small, so that these conductors have only a small cross section have to.
- From DE-GM 1 980 288 is a winding combination with two coaxially intertwined windings known.
- the two windings are spaced radially from one another, so that there is a space between them.
- cooling pipes By doing Intermediate space are arranged cooling pipes, the axes of which are parallel are aligned with the common axis of the windings.
- the both windings are in one with the cooling tubes cast in common cast resin body. But there are the pipes themselves are not poured out and stick out from the end of the cast resin block. So you are for Cooling of the windings can be flowed through with cooling air.
- a solid-insulated distribution transformer in which windings are cast in cast resin.
- heat pipes are cast into the cast resin, which serve to cool the transformer
- the heat pipes are each self-contained and have an evaporator part and a condenser part.
- the heat pipes are arranged such that the evaporator part is arranged within the region of the cast resin body from which heat is to be removed.
- the condenser part of each heat pipe is located in an area of the cast resin body in which heat can be given off.
- a liquid is provided within such a heat pipe. This liquid evaporates during operation by the heat supplied to the evaporator part from the windings. Evaporation cools the area in which the evaporator part is located .
- D the steam settles in the condenser part and condenses, releasing heat to the area in the cast resin body outside the condenser part.
- the object of the invention is to provide a transformer Specify the type specified at the beginning, in which a adequate cooling of all winding combinations with can achieve comparatively less effort.
- the object directed to the transformer is invented by a transformer according to the preamble of the claim 1 solved, in the case of the first and / or the third winding combination each the cooling element is omitted.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that in one free-standing transformer according to the state of the art two outer winding combinations, i.e. the first and the third winding combination, not as strong in operation Require cooling as previously thought. Carried out Studies have shown that in normal operation the two outer winding combinations less warm up much more than the middle winding combination. In can advantageously be thermally lower in both loaded outer winding combinations of the transformer in each case that which is provided as standard in the prior art Cooling element omitted and thus saved. Reached will also show that the temperature difference between the outer winding combinations and the middle, so second winding combination is reduced.
- the transformer according to the invention for an installation provided in which the heat dissipation from one of its outer Winding combinations, for example the first Winding combination is difficult (for example, by its Arrangement in the corner of a building), then the first Winding combination as in the prior art Have cooling element. In this case it is the cooling element only with one of the winding combinations - here the third winding combination - omitted.
- Each winding combination preferably has one Cooling element on a first winding by a second
- the winding is surrounded, leaving a gap, wherein the cooling element is arranged in the space.
- the Gap can also serve as a cooling air duct in the air flows to cool the second winding combination.
- the cooling element can be designed in this way, for example be that there is a particularly large cooling surface.
- Under Cooling surface is understood to mean the surface that gives off heat to the air flowing in the space.
- the cooling element can also be designed as a blower through which is a large air mass flow through the space is driven.
- the cooling element is as Cooling cylinder trained.
- Each is under cooling cylinder kind of pipe understood.
- This pipe can be used without contact first winding and contactless to the second winding in the Intermediate space and the undervoltage winding surrounded coaxially.
- This makes the gap into one inner, between the cooling cylinder and the first winding arranged cooling channel and an outer, between the cooling cylinder and the second winding arranged cooling channel.
- the first and the second winding Heat also in the form of radiation from the cooling cylinder.
- the air flowing in the cooling channels takes that in the cooling cylinder temporarily stored heat on its lateral surfaces and leads them away. This compares the effective cooling surface to a winding combination without cooling cylinder larger, and the achievable cooling capacity is higher.
- the cooling cylinder can be designed so that it over the axial extension of the winding combination extends beyond.
- the cooling element is trained to be its respective Touches the winding combination.
- the cooling element can then each Be arrangement that touches the first winding and / or the second winding absorbs heat and to the emits cooling air flowing through.
- the cooling element can thus, for example, as a be cylindrical tube formed the space completely filled out by a variety of Cooling channels is crossed through which air can be guided.
- the Heat absorbed by the heat sink is transferred to the cooling channels flowing air released.
- the in or in the windings The heat generated can be absorbed quickly with the heat sink and quickly dissipated so that the winding or the Windings are cooled with high cooling capacity.
- the cooling element preferably consists at least partially Plastic.
- Plastics are generally high electrical insulation resistance.
- partially or completely made of plastic ensured that the dielectric strengths of the windings (against each other and internally) of the second Winding combination despite the arrangement of the cooling element is guaranteed.
- the cooling element can also be at least partially made of metal consist. Metals have a high thermal conductivity, so that heat quickly with the metal cooling element can be dissipated. In the formation of the cooling element made of metal, however, must ensure that the necessary Dielectric strengths of the windings are observed.
- the cooling element is preferably designed so that it second winding combination at least almost to the temperature cools on which the first winding combination is in operation located.
- the cooling element can also be used, for example Ribs are made to cover a large cooling element surface to build.
- Cast resin transformers are all Understand types of transformers, at least a winding of resin is enclosed. The one with cast resin enclosed winding is securely packed and therefore against Dust deposits protected. Furthermore, it is largely maintenance-free and insensitive to touch.
- the invention also relates to a method for cooling a Transformers in normal operation, each standing and in ascending count next to each other in a row a first, a second and a third winding combination having.
- Such a cooling process is also from the above known product specification known.
- the winding combinations of the transformer described there are by air cooling chilled. This is done by cooling air through the ring channels every winding combination.
- the invention is based on the further object, the above specified method for cooling a transformer to improve in that its winding combinations are easily cooled so that they can be Normal operation assume a largely identical temperature.
- the on the process of cooling a transformer, the each standing and next to each other in ascending count arranged in a row a first, a second and a has third winding combination, directed task solved according to the invention in that the thermally highest loaded winding combination with a higher cooling capacity is cooled as a thermally less loaded Winding combination.
- the thermal load is higher for example the second winding combination by a Cooling with a correspondingly higher cooling capacity counteracted.
- Can influence the cooling capacity for example the mass of the space between the concerned winding combination or by the Cooling air channels of a heat sink flowing air through Arrangement of a fan set at the appropriate point become.
- the winding combinations are preferred to almost that cooled at the same temperature. This allows the Winding combinations with regard to their heat resistance be of the same design, the effort involved in this Limits. Also taking into account the effort for air cooling results in a cost-saving solution.
- the three-phase transformer 4 includes side by side and in a row arranged a first winding combination 1, a second Winding combination 2 and a third winding combination 3, each along a vertical axis 31A, 31B and 31C are directed.
- Each of the winding combinations 1, 2 and 3 surrounds a leg 5, 6 and 7 of a transformer core 8, which is designed as an EI core or as a 5-leg core.
- the transformer core 8 is used for guidance in a known manner of magnetic generated during operation of the three-phase transformer 4 Rivers.
- Each of the winding combinations 1, 2 and 3 has a first one Winding 12, 13 or 14 and a second winding 9, 10 or 11 on.
- the first windings 12, 13 and 14 are here as undervoltage windings 12, 13 and 14 and the second windings 9, 10 and 11 are here as high-voltage windings 9, 10, 11 executed.
- Each high voltage winding 9, 10 and 11 surrounds the associated undervoltage winding 12, 13 or 14 coaxially leaving a space 15, 16 and 17, respectively.
- the high-voltage windings 9, 10 and 11 and the undervoltage windings 12, 13 and 14 each include one not shown Electric Isolation. Have these isolations a limit temperature up to which they can be heated without they age improperly.
- the second winding combination 2 is in operation due to their structural arrangement between the first winding combination 1 and the third winding combination 3 warms more than the two outer winding combinations 1 and 3. This higher warming is before all due to the fact that the middle winding combination 2 also from the two winding combinations 1 and 3 emitted heat is heated. Therefore included in the difference only the second winding combination to the state of the art 2 a cooling element 18, which is designed as a cooling cylinder is.
- the winding combinations 1 and 3 are free of built-in passive cooling elements.
- the cooling element 18 is designed as a tube and in the space 16 arranged. It surrounds the undervoltage winding 13 non-contact and is non-contact from the high-voltage winding 10 surrounded. It divides the space 16 into one between the high-voltage winding 16 and the cooling element 18 located outer cooling channel 19 and one between the Cooling element 18 and the undervoltage winding 13 located inner cooling duct 20. The arrangement of the cooling element 18 in the space 16, the high-voltage winding 10 and the low-voltage winding 13 is cooled together during operation. It should be emphasized once again that the default in the three-phase transformer according to the prior art the first and third winding combinations 1 and 3 provided Cooling elements are omitted and saved. In order to there is a reduction in effort. This will make the compared to the second winding combination 2 thermally less loaded winding combinations 1 and 2 each cooled with a lower cooling capacity than the second Winding combination.
- the medium winding combination 2 are cooled so that they in Operation with normal power assumes almost the same temperature like the first and like the third winding combination 1 or 3.
- the normal power can be selected so high that the aforementioned same temperature equal to the limit temperature is.
- the heat resistance of all insulation of the winding combinations 1 to 3 can then operate up to the limit temperature be exploited.
- the cylindrical cooling element 18 can consist of one Be made of plastic. Plastics generally have a high insulation strength, so that in one execution of the cooling element 18 made of plastic, the insulation strength the second winding combination 2 fully guaranteed is.
- a metal can also be contained in the cooling element 18. Metals have a high thermal conductivity, so that from Cooling element 18 heat well conducted and dissipated is and the winding combination 2 is cooled well. In the Formation of the cooling element 18 with a metal must be ensured that the electrical properties of the second winding combination 2 the requirements of the common test regulations correspond.
- FIG 2 is a section through the second winding combination 2 with an alternative cooling element 34 which is designed as a touching heat sink.
- the cooling element 34 is also arranged in the space 16; but it fills this with flat contact of the high-voltage winding 10 and the undervoltage winding 13. It can be in Direction of axis 31B beyond windings 10 and 13 extend, or it can only part in this direction fill in the space 16. Through the flat touch with the windings 10 and 13, heat comes from these with high Heat transfer coefficient into the cooling element 34. Later explained Cooling channels in the cooling element 34 are - as indicated by arrows - Can be flowed through by cooling air 22 (see also FIG 3).
- FIG 3 is a cross section through the second winding combination 2 with an alternative cooling element 34 shown according to a first modification.
- the cooling element 34 is designed as a tube directed along axis 31B, the jacket of which has a plurality of axially directed Has cooling channels 35 for the flow of air 22.
- FIG 4 is a cross section through the second winding combination 2 with a second modification of the alternative Cooling element 34 shown.
- Cooling element 34 from a plurality of axially directed circular tube jacket segments 36 formed.
- the circular tube jacket segments 36 are spaced apart from one another in the space 16 in the circumferential direction 38 arranged, whereby between two adjacent Circular tube jacket segments 36 a further cooling air duct 39 for the flow of cooling air 22 is formed.
- the circular tube jacket segments 36 point in the direction of the axis 31B Cooling air channels 37 for the flow of cooling air 22 on.
- FIG 5 is a plan view of a cross section through one arranged in the corner 40 of a building wall 41 Transformer 4A shown.
- the Transformer 4a in the corner 40 is the heat dissipation from the first winding combination 1 compared to heat dissipation difficult from the third winding combination 3 because the Winding combination 1 from the building wall 41 and from the second winding combination 2 is surrounded and only one Page 42 is freely accessible.
- This will also work the first winding combination 1 is subjected to a higher thermal load than the third winding combination 3. Therefore, the first Winding combination 1 in the space 15 also Cooling element 43 arranged.
- the cooling element 43 can on the thermal load of the winding combination 1 matched be designed so that the winding combination 1 in Operation at almost the same temperature as that Winding combination 3 is cooled.
- the cooling element 43 can but also - for the sake of simplicity - structurally identical to the Cooling element 18 may be formed. In the present case it is Cooling element 43 designed as a cooling cylinder and divides the Gap 15 in an outer annular channel 44 and in one inner ring channel 45.
- the cooling element 1 is also like the winding combination 2 is cooled by air cooling. At the Transformer 4A is only the lowest thermally loaded winding combination 3 no cooling element provided so that this winding combination 3 with a lower cooling capacity is cooled than, for example second winding combination 2.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
- Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
- Transformer Cooling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- FIG 1
- einen Schnitt durch einen Transformator mit drei Wicklungskombinationen und einem Kühlelement,
- FIG 2
- einen Schnitt durch die zweite Wicklungskombination mit einem alternativen Kühlelement,
- FIG 3
- einen Querschnitt durch die zweite Wicklungskombination gemäß FIG 2 mit einem alternativen Kühlelement gemäß einer ersten Modifikation und
- FIG 4
- einen Querschnitt durch die zweite Wicklungskombination mit einer zweiten Modifikation und
- Figur 5
- eine Draufsicht auf einen Querschnitt durch einen in einer Ecke einer Gebäudewand angeordneten Transformator.
Claims (11)
- Transformator (4) mit einer ersten (1), einer zweiten (2) und einer dritten Wicklungskombination (3), die jeweils stehend und in aufsteigender Zählung nebeneinander in einer Reihe angeordnet sind und jeweils ein Kühlelement (18,34) aufweisen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der ersten (1) und/oder der dritten Wicklungskombination (3) jeweils das Kühlelement weggelassen ist. - Transformator (4) nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Wicklungskombination (2) mit einem Kühlelement eine erste Wicklung (13) aufweist, die von einer zweiten Wicklung (10) unter Belassung eines Zwischenraums (16) umgeben ist, und daß das Kühlelement (18, 34) im Zwischenraum (16) angeordnet ist. - Transformator (4) nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (18, 34) als Kühlzylinder (18) ausgebildet ist. - Transformator (4) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (18, 34) seine jeweilige Wicklungskombination (2) berührt. - Transformator (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (18, 34) mindestens teilweise aus Kunststoff besteht. - Transformator (4) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (18, 34) mindestens teilweise aus Metall besteht. - Transformator (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Gießharz-Transformator ausgebildet ist. - Transformator (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (18, 34) so ausgelegt ist, daß es die jeweilige Wicklungskombination (2) zumindest nahezu auf die Temperatur kühlt, auf der sich im Betrieb die kühlelementfreie Wicklungskombination (1) befindet. - Transformator (4) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlelement (18, 34) Kühlkanäle (35) aufweist. - Verfahren zur Kühlung eines Transformators (4) im Normalbetrieb, der jeweils stehend und in aufsteigender Zählung nebeneinander in einer Reihe angeordnet eine erste (1), eine zweite (2) und eine dritte Wicklungskombination (3) aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die thermisch am höchsten belastete Wicklungskombination (2) mit einer höheren Kühlleistung gekühlt wird als eine thermisch geringer belastete Wicklungskombination (3). - Verfahren nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wicklungskombinationen (2) nahezu auf die gleiche Temperatur wie gekühlt werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19912280A DE19912280C1 (de) | 1999-03-18 | 1999-03-18 | Transformator und Verfahren zur Kühlung eines Transformators |
DE19912280 | 1999-03-18 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1037220A2 true EP1037220A2 (de) | 2000-09-20 |
EP1037220A3 EP1037220A3 (de) | 2001-08-22 |
EP1037220B1 EP1037220B1 (de) | 2008-05-07 |
Family
ID=7901559
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00250096A Expired - Lifetime EP1037220B1 (de) | 1999-03-18 | 2000-03-17 | Transformator und Verfahren zur Kühlung eines Transformators |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1037220B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE394781T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0001264A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19912280C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2302680T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1037220E (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7330095B2 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2008-02-12 | Abb Oy | Cooled multiphase choke assembly |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10120236C1 (de) * | 2001-04-19 | 2003-01-30 | Siemens Ag | Elektrische Wicklungsanordnung |
DE10137518C1 (de) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-04-24 | Siemens Ag | Elektrische Wicklungsanordnung |
DE10148946C2 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-09-04 | Siemens Ag | Elektrische Wicklungsanordnung |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1563354A (en) * | 1920-08-17 | 1925-12-01 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Transformer-cooling system |
DE1563160A1 (de) * | 1966-12-09 | 1970-04-09 | Continental Elektro Ind Ag | Transformator,Drosselspule od.dgl. mit Gasfuellung |
DE1912760A1 (de) * | 1969-03-13 | 1970-10-01 | Licentia Gmbh | Anordnung zur Erhoehung der Waermeabgabe bei Transformatoren,Drosselspulen,Kondensatoren u.dgl. |
EP0461664A1 (de) * | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-18 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Elektromagnetische Induktionsanordnung |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1980288U (de) * | 1966-07-26 | 1968-03-07 | Licentia Gmbh | In giessharz vergossene wicklung von transformatoren und drosselspulen. |
-
1999
- 1999-03-18 DE DE19912280A patent/DE19912280C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-03-17 DE DE50015139T patent/DE50015139D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-17 AT AT00250096T patent/ATE394781T1/de active
- 2000-03-17 PT PT00250096T patent/PT1037220E/pt unknown
- 2000-03-17 EP EP00250096A patent/EP1037220B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-17 ES ES00250096T patent/ES2302680T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-20 BR BR0001264-5A patent/BR0001264A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1563354A (en) * | 1920-08-17 | 1925-12-01 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Transformer-cooling system |
DE1563160A1 (de) * | 1966-12-09 | 1970-04-09 | Continental Elektro Ind Ag | Transformator,Drosselspule od.dgl. mit Gasfuellung |
DE1912760A1 (de) * | 1969-03-13 | 1970-10-01 | Licentia Gmbh | Anordnung zur Erhoehung der Waermeabgabe bei Transformatoren,Drosselspulen,Kondensatoren u.dgl. |
EP0461664A1 (de) * | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-18 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Elektromagnetische Induktionsanordnung |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7330095B2 (en) | 2004-06-11 | 2008-02-12 | Abb Oy | Cooled multiphase choke assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE394781T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
EP1037220A3 (de) | 2001-08-22 |
DE50015139D1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
ES2302680T3 (es) | 2008-08-01 |
BR0001264A (pt) | 2000-10-31 |
DE19912280C1 (de) | 2000-09-14 |
EP1037220B1 (de) | 2008-05-07 |
PT1037220E (pt) | 2008-07-29 |
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