EP1033425A1 - Roller for an apron-drafting machine - Google Patents

Roller for an apron-drafting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1033425A1
EP1033425A1 EP00102725A EP00102725A EP1033425A1 EP 1033425 A1 EP1033425 A1 EP 1033425A1 EP 00102725 A EP00102725 A EP 00102725A EP 00102725 A EP00102725 A EP 00102725A EP 1033425 A1 EP1033425 A1 EP 1033425A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller
sleeve
apron
edge
end zones
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00102725A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1033425B1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Birkenmaier
Frank Baier
Horst Howorka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TEXparts GmbH
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TEXparts GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1033425A1 publication Critical patent/EP1033425A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1033425B1 publication Critical patent/EP1033425B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/26—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars in which fibres are controlled by one or more endless aprons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/70—Constructional features of drafting elements
    • D01H5/74—Rollers or roller bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roller for apron drafting systems from Spinning machines with a recessed towards the edge areas Middle zone.
  • Such rollers for apron drafting systems are so-called channel rollers, in different Embodiments known.
  • the edge areas transmit the high pressure on the upper and lower straps to their safe transport and precise running. May in the central zone only very little pressure on the straps on the fibers be exercised so that fiber transport is guaranteed on the one hand, on the other hand, fiber distortion is not hindered becomes.
  • a distinction is made between duct rollers with an in a rubber cover with a certain depth, Duct rollers with elastic duct lining and duct rollers with inelastic edges and therefore unchangeable channel depth.
  • the invention has for its object a roller for apron drafting systems to improve that on the one hand non-slip and exact belt run is guaranteed and that the very low contact pressure in the middle area automatically adapts to the respective yarn count.
  • the invention solves this problem by a roller for Strappy drafting systems of spinning machines with one opposite the marginal areas deepened central zone, in the area of A radially movable sleeve is arranged in the central zone.
  • Now can yarn of different fineness without any change with high quality in the drawing process.
  • the radially movable sleeve provides for light pressure of the straps on the inserted fibers. This ensures thread transport without being easy To hamper stretching. Because the sleeve from the strappy is wrapped at an angle of more than 180 °, the Upper apron center of the upper apron of the lifting movement towards the sleeve.
  • the thickness of the fiber bundle affects thus the pretension of the strappy.
  • a too high pressure of the Fiber bundle is avoided by making the sleeve radial is movable and through the straps in the channel area Follow the apron pretension by the apron leader is pulled into the partial gap of the strappy at the front. Thereby the straps lay down with less, but for transport sufficient force on the fiber bundle.
  • the elasticity of the Strappy is therefore used to apply a light pressure to generate, which the sleeve passes on the fiber bundle.
  • the Contact pressure causes fiber transport without Thread breaks are guaranteed and on the other hand in the fiber bundle only such distortion forces arise that the yarn stretch does not to reduce.
  • the outer diameter of the sleeve can be the same as that Diameter of the two edge areas or slightly different be of it.
  • the sleeve can be between have an axial play in the two edge regions.
  • the roller can be mirrored by two Parts consisting of an edge area and an axis extension, be formed, the axial processes touching and limit the radial deflection of the sleeve.
  • the sleeve can be made of a high density material or be made with a thicker wall.
  • Fig. 1 shows an upper roller with two channel rollers 10, wherein each roller 10 of two mirror-image identical parts 11 and 12 is formed.
  • the two mirror-inverted parts 11 and 12 consist of an edge area 13 and 14 and an axis extension 15 and 16.
  • the two axis extensions 15 and 16 collide in the middle of the roller 10 and form the channel of the roller 10.
  • the two axis extensions 15 and 16 are surrounded by a sleeve 17.
  • the sleeve 17 has one optimal contact pressure of a drive belt shown in FIG. 2 20 a radial clearance 18.
  • the fiber 17 also has an axial sleeve Game 19 on.
  • Fig. 2 shows the roller 10, which among other things, the axis extension 15 has.
  • the axis extension 15 is from the sleeve 17th surround.
  • a strap 20 wraps around the roller 10 together with the sleeve 17 and is also guided by a strap guide 21.
  • the Due to the strappy tension, sleeve 17 attaches strappy 20 very little pressure on the fiber bundle, taking it by a radial play 18 with respect to the axis extensions 15 and 16 automatically adjust to the thickness of the fiber bundle can by making an evasive movement to the strap guide 21 there. In this position, the sleeve 17 runs with the Straps 20 and parts 11 and 12 wear-free.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The roller (10) for the belts in an apron drawing unit, at a spinning machine, has a recessed center zone in relation to the roller end zones (13,14). A sleeve (17), with radial movement, is at the center zone of the roller. The outer diameter of the sleeve (17) is equal to the diameter of both roller end zones (13,14). The sleeve (17) has an axial play (19) between the two roller end zones (13,14). The roller has two identical side sections (11,12), in a mirror image structure, to give a roller edge zone (13,14) and an inwards axial extension (15,16). The axial extensions (15,16) are in contact with each other and define the radial shift of the sleeve (17). The roller edge zones (13,14) round the roller and the sleeve (17) are plastics components, where the sleeve (17) is of a material with a higher density or has a thicker wall.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Walze für Riemchenstreckwerke von Spinnereimaschinen mit einer gegenüber den Randbereichen vertieften Mittelzone.The invention relates to a roller for apron drafting systems from Spinning machines with a recessed towards the edge areas Middle zone.

Nach heutigem Stand der Technik sind solche Walzen für Riemchenstreckwerke, so genannte Kanalwalzen, in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Die Randbereiche übertragen den hohen Anpressdruck auf das Ober- und Unterriemchen zu deren sicherem Transport und exaktem Lauf. In der Mittelzone darf nur ein sehr geringer Druck über das Riemchen auf die Fasern ausgeübt werden, sodass einerseits der Fasertransport gewährleistet, andererseits der Faserverzug aber nicht behindert wird. Man unterscheidet zwischen Kanalwalzen mit einem in einen Gummibezug eingeschliffenen Kanal bestimmter Tiefe, Kanalwalzen mit elastischer Kanalauskleidung und Kanalwalzen mit unelastischen Rändern und deshalb unveränderlicher Kanaltiefe.According to the current state of the art, such rollers for apron drafting systems are so-called channel rollers, in different Embodiments known. The edge areas transmit the high pressure on the upper and lower straps to their safe transport and precise running. May in the central zone only very little pressure on the straps on the fibers be exercised so that fiber transport is guaranteed on the one hand, on the other hand, fiber distortion is not hindered becomes. A distinction is made between duct rollers with an in a rubber cover with a certain depth, Duct rollers with elastic duct lining and duct rollers with inelastic edges and therefore unchangeable channel depth.

Bei Kanalwalzen mit aus Gummi hergestellten Rändern kommt es aufgrund der Weichheit des Gummis zu einer Abplattung des Randes und damit zu einer Verringerung der effektiven Kanaltiefe. Durch Fertigungstoleranzen im Randbereich ergeben sich ungleiche Abplattungen, wodurch ein Schrägzug und Verwerfungen im Riemchenlauf die Folge sind. Wegen der reduzierten Kanaltiefe sind Korrekturmaßnahmen, z. B. Variationen des Walzenanpressdrucks, erforderlich, um günstige Bedingungen für den Fasertransport und das Verstrecken zu erreichen. Dabei kann es jedoch Schlupfprobleme beim Riemchenlauf geben.It comes with duct rollers with edges made of rubber due to the softness of the rubber to flatten the Edge and thus to a reduction in the effective channel depth. Manufacturing tolerances in the edge area result uneven flattening, causing a skew and warping are the result in the strappy run. Because of the reduced channel depth are corrective measures, e.g. B. Variations in Roll Contact Pressure, required to find favorable conditions for the To achieve fiber transport and stretching. It can however give slip problems when strapping.

Bei Kanalwalzen mit elastischer Kanalauskleidung resultiert die Elastizität bei einer Vollauskleidung des Kanals aus dem Material oder aus einem elastisch umkleideten Hohlraum im Kanal. Dabei ist jedoch nachteilig, dass sich die Elastizitätseigenschaften im Laufe der Zeit durch Verschleiß und Verhärtung stark verändern. Darunter leidet die Garnqualität und es entsteht ein hoher Wartungsaufwand, beispielsweise um die Kanalauskleidung zu erneuern.This results in duct rollers with elastic duct lining the elasticity of a full lining of the channel from the Material or from an elastically lined cavity in the Channel. However, it is disadvantageous that the elastic properties over time due to wear and hardening change greatly. This affects the yarn quality and there is a high maintenance effort, for example around the Renew duct lining.

Bei Kanalwalzen mit unelastischen Randbereichen ist die feste Kanaltiefe nur für einen eingeschränkten Garnfeinheitsbereich passend. Zu große Tiefe führt zu einem Anstieg der Fadenbrüche, zu kleine Tiefe mindert die Garndehnung.In the case of duct rollers with inelastic edge areas, the fixed one is Channel depth only for a limited yarn count range fitting. Too great a depth leads to an increase in thread breaks, too small a depth reduces the yarn stretch.

Die Erfindung hat die Aufgabe, eine Walze für Riemchenstreckwerke dahingehend zu verbessern, dass einerseits einschlupffreier und exakter Riemchenlauf gewährleistet ist und dass der sehr niedrige Anpressdruck im Mittelbereich sich selbsttätig auf die jeweilige Garnfeinheit anpasst.The invention has for its object a roller for apron drafting systems to improve that on the one hand non-slip and exact belt run is guaranteed and that the very low contact pressure in the middle area automatically adapts to the respective yarn count.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe durch eine Walze für Riemchenstreckwerke von Spinnereimaschinen mit einer gegenüber den Randbereichen vertieften Mittelzone, wobei im Bereich der Mittelzone eine radial bewegliche Hülse angeordnet ist. Jetzt können Garne unterschiedlicher Feinheit ohne jeden Umstellaufwand mit hoher Qualität im Durchzugsverfahren verstreckt werden. Wenn die Fasern zwischen das Ober- und das Unterriemchen eingeführt werden, sorgt die radial bewegliche Hülse für einen leichten Anpressdruck der Riemchen auf die eingeführten Fasern. Dies gewährleistet den Fadentransport, ohne das leichte Verstrecken zu behindern. Dadurch, dass die Hülse vom Riemchen mit einem Winkel von mehr als 180° umschlungen wird, wirkt der oben liegende Riemchentrum des Oberriemchens der Abhebbewegung der Hülse entgegen. Die Dicke des Faserbündels beeinflusst somit die Vorspannung des Riemchens. Eine zu hohe Pressung des Faserbündels wird dadurch vermieden, dass die Hülse radial beweglich ist und durch den Riemcheneinzug im Kanalbereich in Folge der Riemchenvorspannung durch den Riemchenführer nach vorne in den Teilspalt des Riemchens gezogen wird. Dadurch legt sich das Riemchen mit geringer, jedoch für den Transport ausreichender Kraft an das Faserbündel an. Die Elastizität des Riemchens wird also ausgenutzt, um einen leichten Anpressdruck zu erzeugen, den die Hülse auf das Faserbündel weitergibt. Der Anpressdruck bewirkt, dass einerseits der Fasertransport ohne Fadenbrüche gewährleistet ist und andererseits im Faserbündel nur solche Verzugskräfte entstehen, die die Garndehnung nicht reduzieren.The invention solves this problem by a roller for Strappy drafting systems of spinning machines with one opposite the marginal areas deepened central zone, in the area of A radially movable sleeve is arranged in the central zone. Now can yarn of different fineness without any change with high quality in the drawing process. If the fibers between the top and bottom straps are inserted, the radially movable sleeve provides for light pressure of the straps on the inserted fibers. This ensures thread transport without being easy To hamper stretching. Because the sleeve from the strappy is wrapped at an angle of more than 180 °, the Upper apron center of the upper apron of the lifting movement towards the sleeve. The thickness of the fiber bundle affects thus the pretension of the strappy. A too high pressure of the Fiber bundle is avoided by making the sleeve radial is movable and through the straps in the channel area Follow the apron pretension by the apron leader is pulled into the partial gap of the strappy at the front. Thereby the straps lay down with less, but for transport sufficient force on the fiber bundle. The elasticity of the Strappy is therefore used to apply a light pressure to generate, which the sleeve passes on the fiber bundle. The Contact pressure causes fiber transport without Thread breaks are guaranteed and on the other hand in the fiber bundle only such distortion forces arise that the yarn stretch does not to reduce.

Für einen optimalen Anpressdruck der Walzen gegen das Faserbündel kann der Außendurchmesser der Hülse gleich sein wie der Durchmesser der beiden Randbereiche oder geringfügig verschieden davon sein.For an optimal contact pressure of the rollers against the fiber bundle the outer diameter of the sleeve can be the same as that Diameter of the two edge areas or slightly different be of it.

Aus Gründen einer optimalen Faserführung kann die Hülse zwischen den beiden Randbereichen ein Axialspiel aufweisen.For optimal fiber guidance, the sleeve can be between have an axial play in the two edge regions.

Um ein definiertes axiales Spiel für die Hülse zu gewährleisten, kann die Walze von zwei spiegelbildlich gleichen Teilen, bestehend aus einem Randbereich und einem Achsfortsatz, gebildet sein, wobei sich die Achsfortsätze berühren und die radiale Auslenkung der Hülse begrenzen.In order to ensure a defined axial play for the sleeve, the roller can be mirrored by two Parts consisting of an edge area and an axis extension, be formed, the axial processes touching and limit the radial deflection of the sleeve.

Um die Walze kostengünstig herstellen zu können, können die umlaufenden Ränder und die Hülse als Kunststoffteile ausgebildet sein. In order to be able to produce the roller inexpensively, the peripheral edges and the sleeve formed as plastic parts his.

Damit das Eigengewicht der Hülse für den Anpressdruck besser nutzbar ist, kann die Hülse durch einen Werkstoff hoher Dichte oder mit einer dickeren Wandstärke ausgeführt sein.So that the dead weight of the sleeve for the contact pressure is better is usable, the sleeve can be made of a high density material or be made with a thicker wall.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Walze anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher erläutert.Below is an embodiment of an invention trained roller with reference to the accompanying drawing explained.

Im Einzelnen zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine Oberwalze für Riemchenstreckwerke;
Fig. 2
eine geschnittene Seitenansicht auf die Oberwalze für Riemchenstreckwerke aus Fig. 1 mit Riemchenführer.
Show in detail:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through an upper roller for apron drafting systems;
Fig. 2
a sectional side view of the top roller for apron drafting systems from Fig. 1 with apron guide.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Oberwalze mit zwei Kanalwalzen 10, wobei jede Walze 10 von zwei spiegelbildlich gleichen Teilen 11 und 12 gebildet ist. Die zwei spiegelbildlich gleichen Teile 11 und 12 bestehen aus einem Randbereich 13 und 14 und einem Achsfortsatz 15 und 16. Die beiden Achsfortsätze 15 und 16 stoßen in der Mitte der Walze 10 aufeinander und bilden den Kanal der Walze 10. Die beiden Achsfortsätze 15 und 16 sind von einer Hülse 17 umgeben. Die Hülse 17 weist für einen optimalen Anpressdruck eines aus Fig. 2 ersichtlichen Antriebsriemchens 20 ein radiales Spiel 18 auf. Für einen optimalen Faserlauf weist die Hülse 17 außerdem ein axiales Spiel 19 auf.Fig. 1 shows an upper roller with two channel rollers 10, wherein each roller 10 of two mirror-image identical parts 11 and 12 is formed. The two mirror-inverted parts 11 and 12 consist of an edge area 13 and 14 and an axis extension 15 and 16. The two axis extensions 15 and 16 collide in the middle of the roller 10 and form the channel of the roller 10. The two axis extensions 15 and 16 are surrounded by a sleeve 17. The sleeve 17 has one optimal contact pressure of a drive belt shown in FIG. 2 20 a radial clearance 18. For an optimal The fiber 17 also has an axial sleeve Game 19 on.

Fig. 2 zeigt die Walze 10, die unter anderem den Achsfortsatz 15 aufweist. Der Achsfortsatz 15 ist von der Hülse 17 umgeben. Ein Riemchen 20 umschlingt die Walze 10 samt Hülse 17 und ist außerdem über einen Riemchenführer 21 geführt. Die Hülse 17 legt infolge der Riemchenspannung das Riemchen 20 mit sehr geringem Druck auf das Faserbündel auf, wobei sie sich durch ein radiales Spiel 18 gegenüber den Achsfortsätzen 15 und 16 selbsttätig auf die Dicke des Faserbündels einstellen kann, indem sie eine Ausweichbewegung zum Riemchenführer 21 hin vollzieht. In dieser Stellung läuft die Hülse 17 mit dem Riemchen 20 und den Teilen 11 und 12 verschleißfrei um.Fig. 2 shows the roller 10, which among other things, the axis extension 15 has. The axis extension 15 is from the sleeve 17th surround. A strap 20 wraps around the roller 10 together with the sleeve 17 and is also guided by a strap guide 21. The Due to the strappy tension, sleeve 17 attaches strappy 20 very little pressure on the fiber bundle, taking it by a radial play 18 with respect to the axis extensions 15 and 16 automatically adjust to the thickness of the fiber bundle can by making an evasive movement to the strap guide 21 there. In this position, the sleeve 17 runs with the Straps 20 and parts 11 and 12 wear-free.

Claims (6)

Walze (10) für Riemchenstreckwerke von Spinnereimaschinen mit einer gegenüber den Randbereichen (13, 14) vertieften Mittelzone, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der Mittelzone eine radial bewegliche Hülse (17) angeordnet ist.Roller (10) for apron drafting systems of spinning machines with a recessed in relation to the edge areas (13, 14) Central zone, characterized in that in the area of A radially movable sleeve (17) is arranged in the central zone is. Walze (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außendurchmesser der Hülse (17) gleich oder geringfügig verschieden wie der Durchmesser der beiden Randbereiche (13, 14) ist.Roller (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of the sleeve (17) is the same or slightly different than the diameter of the two edge areas (13, 14). Walze (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülse (17) zwischen, den beiden Randbereichen (13, 14) ein Axialspiel (19) aufweist.Roller (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the sleeve (17) between, the two Edge regions (13, 14) has an axial play (19). Walze (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie von zwei spiegelbildlich gleichen Teilen (11, 12), bestehend aus einem Randbereich (13, 14) und einem Achsfortsatz (15, 16), gebildet ist, wobei sich die Achsfortsätze (15, 16) berühren und die radiale Auslenkung der Hülse (17) begrenzt ist.Roller (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that they are mirror images of two Parts (11, 12), consisting of an edge area (13, 14) and an axis extension (15, 16), is formed, with touch the axis extensions (15, 16) and the radial deflection the sleeve (17) is limited. Walze (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die umlaufenden Ränder (13, 14) und die Hülse (17) als Kunststoffteile ausgebildet sind. Roller (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the peripheral edges (13, 14) and the Sleeve (17) are designed as plastic parts. Walze (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülse (17) durch einen Werkstoff hoher Dichte oder mit einer dickeren Wandstärke ausgeführt ist.Roller (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the sleeve (17) is made of a material high density or with a thicker wall is.
EP00102725A 1999-02-24 2000-02-10 Roller for an apron-drafting machine Expired - Lifetime EP1033425B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19907905 1999-02-24
DE19907905A DE19907905C2 (en) 1999-02-24 1999-02-24 Roller for apron drafting systems

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1033425A1 true EP1033425A1 (en) 2000-09-06
EP1033425B1 EP1033425B1 (en) 2003-06-04

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Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6390962B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1033425B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3292720B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE242347T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ298272B6 (en)
DE (2) DE19907905C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2194634T3 (en)
TW (1) TW568967B (en)

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WO2004057072A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-08 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Stuttgart Stiftung Des Öffentlichen Rechts Covering for drafting rollers

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10348452B4 (en) * 2003-10-17 2008-07-03 Deutsche Institute für Textil- und Faserforschung Stuttgart Drafting system with twin top rollers wrapped in aprons
DE102007023460B4 (en) * 2007-05-19 2017-06-22 Saurer Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg Drafting system for a spinning machine
DE102008057155A1 (en) * 2008-11-13 2010-05-20 Oerlikon Textile Components Gmbh Top roller for a drafting system
CN102605492A (en) * 2012-03-30 2012-07-25 张家港市华鹿毛纺有限公司 Medium leather roll for spinning frame
CN102704080A (en) * 2012-07-06 2012-10-03 常熟市天豪机械有限公司 Multifunctional roller for spinning
CN103046178A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-04-17 苏州展华纺织有限公司 Magnetic roller
DE102015111133A1 (en) * 2015-07-09 2017-01-12 Maschinenfabrik Rieter Ag Spinning machine, guide rod and straps
CN113481633B (en) * 2021-06-23 2022-04-15 无锡长江精密纺织有限公司 Drafting mechanism convenient to adjust and ring spinning frame thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004057072A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-08 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Stuttgart Stiftung Des Öffentlichen Rechts Covering for drafting rollers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000248435A (en) 2000-09-12
ES2194634T3 (en) 2003-12-01
EP1033425B1 (en) 2003-06-04
DE50002413D1 (en) 2003-07-10
DE19907905C2 (en) 2002-06-20
ATE242347T1 (en) 2003-06-15
CZ298272B6 (en) 2007-08-08
US6390962B1 (en) 2002-05-21
JP3292720B2 (en) 2002-06-17
CZ2000620A3 (en) 2000-09-13
DE19907905A1 (en) 2000-08-31
TW568967B (en) 2004-01-01

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