EP1032077B2 - Connection of an electrical aluminium cable with terminal made of copper, copper alloy and/or brass - Google Patents
Connection of an electrical aluminium cable with terminal made of copper, copper alloy and/or brass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1032077B2 EP1032077B2 EP00102020.5A EP00102020A EP1032077B2 EP 1032077 B2 EP1032077 B2 EP 1032077B2 EP 00102020 A EP00102020 A EP 00102020A EP 1032077 B2 EP1032077 B2 EP 1032077B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- support sleeve
- aluminium cable
- terminal
- connection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
- H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
- H01R11/28—End pieces consisting of a ferrule or sleeve
- H01R11/281—End pieces consisting of a ferrule or sleeve for connections to batteries
- H01R11/283—Bolt, screw or threaded ferrule parallel to the battery post
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors
- H01R4/625—Soldered or welded connections
Definitions
- the invention relates to a connection of an electrical aluminum cable, in particular of an aluminum cable formed and insulated from a plurality of aluminum wires or fitzen with a copper, copper alloy and / or brass connecting part, for example with a battery terminal, a cable lug, a connection adapter, a Plug part, a piece of cable or the like, for the electrical system of a motor vehicle, the insulation of the aluminum cable ends before the point of contact with the connector or is removed and a support sleeve is provided, which encloses at least the end side of the stripped portion of the aluminum cable adjacent area and pressed with the end of the aluminum cable and / or shrunk onto it, so that the wires of the aluminum cable are compressed at least in the region of the front side.
- the invention further relates to a method for connecting an electrical aluminum cable with a copper, copper alloy and / or brass connection part, for example battery terminal, cable lug, connection adapter, plug part, cable or the like, for the electrical system of a motor vehicle, wherein the front side the aluminum cable is brought into contact with and electrical contact with the end face of the connection part and the aluminum cable is stripped at the connection end, pressed or shrunk onto the stripped point, and the wires or strands of the aluminum cable are pressed together.
- a copper, copper alloy and / or brass connection part for example battery terminal, cable lug, connection adapter, plug part, cable or the like
- the connector itself it is not possible to make the connector itself also made of aluminum, because in the range of batteries or accumulators acid vapors can not be completely ruled out that attack aluminum to a much greater extent than copper, copper alloys or brass, and because connections to An internal combustion engine connected units such as alternators are exposed to such a high dynamic load that from it over time the less stable material aluminum is broken or the connection connection is destroyed.
- Aluminum also presents a greater risk of corrosion than copper, which has relatively good corrosion resistance because aluminum is relatively non-noble and therefore tends to transition to the more stable oxide form from which it was generated by using energy.
- metals of different nobility are conductively connected, there is a risk of contact corrosion. Due to their noble potential, the copper materials are less endangered than aluminum, but can have a harmful effect on this metal when combined with it. Since aluminum is the less noble metal compared to copper, it may happen in a Berzier für at high currents and longer exposure times, especially in humid, salty climate that the less noble metal, so the aluminum acts as a "sacrificial anode" and decreases. Over time, material loss occurs at the contact surface, which negatively affects contact resistance and strength.
- the aforementioned compound of an electrical aluminum cable with a connection part according to claim 1 or 9 is formed.
- the compound is thus characterized mainly by an additional support sleeve on the aluminum cable, which stabilizes the individual wires or strands by squeezing enough and approaches each other to give a metallic surface on the front side of the cable, which then simultaneously the junction or the point of This makes it possible to rid this end of oxide, if there should have formed, and then to weld this end face butt with the connection part, so that in the future no oxide can arise at this point.
- aluminum can certainly be fused and welded to copper and thus even form a mutual alloy on the compound according to the invention. Experiments have shown that the tensile strength of such a compound can be higher than that of the aluminum cable and / or the fitting itself.
- this submetallic compound layer can be approximately 2 mm thick, so that access of air or moisture to this connection point is excluded
- the support sleeve extends over the transition between the stripped region of the aluminum cable and the insulation, enclosing part of the insulation.
- the support sleeve thus expediently obtains a greater axial length than the stripped region of the aluminum cable, so that a good stiffening is achieved in the region of the junction to below the insulation, resulting in a uniform distribution of the compressive forces in the connection area, without overburdening and deforming the individual aluminum wires too much.
- a junction is also lateral forces and dynamic loads, as they can occur in motor vehicles also connected to the engine units, grown.
- a good sealing of the aluminum cable and the connection can be achieved.
- one end of the support sleeve is flush with the end-side end side of the stripped region of the aluminum cable.
- the support sleeve then increases the connection point in the radial direction and is also available for welding with a suitably sized fitting or counterpart, provided that the end of the aluminum cable compressing support sleeve is a metal sleeve, in particular an aluminum sleeve.
- an aluminum sleeve has the advantage that it behaves in terms of thermal expansion, electrical conductivity and weldability as the aluminum cable itself, so to speak is a supplement of the aluminum cable at the junction.
- the aluminum cable and the shrunk-on or pressed-on support sleeve and the connecting part have a substantially circular cross-section, in particular of the same size.
- the weld can then extend over the entire cross section of the compound and at the same time the entire cross section of the connecting part on the one hand and the healing of aluminum cable and support sleeve formed on the other.
- Correspondingly favorable resistance values for the electric current can be achieved at this large-area connection.
- the support sleeve for pressing or Vorverpressen the aluminum cable in its interior has at least two sections of different inner cross-section or inner diameter and the portion with the larger inner diameter of the end of the insulation of the Aluminum cable and the area of smaller inner cross-section encompasses the stripped area of the aluminum cable.
- the difference of the inner diameter of the support sleeve can correspond to about twice the thickness of the insulation of the aluminum cable.
- connection can be completed by butt welding. It is particularly advantageous if the provided with the support sleeve end of the aluminum cable is connected to the connection part by friction welding. Friction welding is known per se and in many cases thereby causing one of the parts to be rotated prior to the connection, then to move against the other part, creating a frictional heat high enough to weld the parts so that they firmly bond together after the rotation has been decelerated. Especially when connecting an aluminum cable with a connection part can thereby be automatically eliminated at the junction or end face of the aluminum cable oxide layer automatically because such a layer is penetrated and removed by the mechanical friction. Thus, an electrical connection of an aluminum cable with a connection part by friction welding to be regarded as particularly advantageous and favorable, especially since relatively low energies for this type of welding, for example, against a conceivable Abbrenn-butt welding are necessary.
- the above-mentioned method is to achieve the object, characterized in that the individual wires or strands of the aluminum cable are butt welded together with the support sleeve with the connecting part.
- the soft and resilient end of the aluminum cable first through a support sleeve is mechanically strengthened to withstand the stresses of the weld and make this end face of the aluminum cable suitable for direct welding with a connector, because this results in a practically closed, formed from the individual wires or strands of the aluminum cable metallic surface.
- the support sleeve is arranged with one end flush with the end face of the aluminum cable, that is, one end of the support sleeve is used to increase the front side of the aluminum cable and thus the connection point and used.
- one end of the support sleeve is used to increase the front side of the aluminum cable and thus the connection point and used.
- the individual wires or strands of the aluminum cable actually on the one hand all squeezed together and solidified with each other and yet are accessible to the weld.
- These wires can be flush with each other and form a flat front or cross-sectional area.
- a particularly favorable procedure may consist in that the aluminum cable provided with the support sleeve is connected to the connection part by friction welding. Compared to an electrically assisted butt welding method significantly less energy is required for this advantageously. Nevertheless, the friction welding method allows a welding of the aluminum materials on the one hand and copper or copper alloy on the other hand to form intermetallic phases, that is, the oxide layer on the aluminum is destroyed and eliminates the Korrosions personallykeft at the junction Since the aluminum cable is pressed with the support sleeve before or later than at the same time with the welding process , creates a kind of solid cylinder, at its front or top surface, the welding can be done.
- connection part to be connected or butt-welded to the aluminum cable is rotated and pressed in rotation against the end face of the aluminum cable and is fused or welded by the frictional heat generated after the rotation is decelerated.
- the friction and the frictional heat could be caused by other mutual relative movements, but the rotation has the great advantage that the parts to be joined in the transverse direction can already assume their final position and an almost arbitrary number of revolutions can be generated on the rotating part to get enough frictional heat for welding.
- any oxide layer on the aluminum side may be penetrated and removed in a particularly effective manner.
- the wires or strands of the aluminum cable can be compressed before and / or during the welding process at least in the area of the terminal-side connection point, which can be carried out particularly easily with the support sleeve mentioned above.
- the support sleeve on the outside surface in particular to a polygonal, for example, to a hexagon, be pressed. This results in addition to the later assembly the possibility for a tool attack, for example, for the attack of a wrench.
- a polygonal shape on the outside of the support sleeve in the installation and installation of the cable with its connector may be advantageous.
- the connecting part may be either a cylinder made of copper or a copper alloy, for example made of brass, which in turn is connected to a corresponding connector or a cable clamp or Batteriekiemme or the like or is already connected in one piece with it from the outset.
- a cylinder can be rotated particularly well and connected by friction welding with the appropriately prepared aluminum cable.
- connection part to be connected to the aluminum cable can in turn be a cable piece made of copper wires, which is also stabilized by means of a support sleeve, so that a Reibsch spacci is made possible in particular by rotation preferably of the copper part, in which then the cable itself and the support sleeves connected and welded together.
- a device for carrying out the method for connecting an aluminum cable with a connector may consist in particular in that an openable clamping device for the provided with the support sleeve aluminum cable and arranged in alignment with releasable support for the connection part are provided, that the holder has a rotary drive or so that it can be coupled and that the clamping device and the holder are movable or displaceable relative to one another in the direction of longitudinal extent of the aluminum cable and of the connecting part which is thus aligned at least in the case of mutual contact. It is particularly favorable if the rotating holder is displaceable. This displaceability then includes the required pressing force at the connection point, which is exerted during the welding. In this case, the openable clamping device for the end of the aluminum cable can be used simultaneously for pressing the support sleeve provided therefor.
- the joint itself has a high electrical conductivity, because a previously possibly on the aluminum side and possibly even on the copper side existing oxide layer can be eliminated by friction welding at a relative mutual rotation, so that the two different metals get into intermetallic phases and fused together and be welded.
- connection part 1 which consists of individual aluminum wires 2 and an insulation 3 with a connection part 4
- matching parts are given the same reference numbers.
- FIG. 2 shows a generally designated V connection of the electrical aluminum cable 1, which is formed of individual aluminum wires 2 or optionally made of strands and provided with the insulation 3, with a copper, copper alloy and / or brass connecting part 4 shown.
- Fig.2 shows a connection V of the aluminum cable 1 with a battery terminal 5, Figure 4 Such a connection with a cable lug 6, Figure 6 a connection with a connection adapter 7, which may also be a Stekkerteil with connector pins 8, and Figure 8 the connection V of an aluminum electrical cable 1 with a piece of cable 9 made of copper, a copper alloy wherein also individual wires 10 and an insulation 11 are provided.
- FIGS. 1 . 3 . 5 and 7 it can be seen clearly that the insulation 3 of the aluminum cable 1 before the - not acted on in these figures later - touch point, ie ends before the end-side end face 12 or is removed, so that the aluminum cable 1 is therefore stripped at the end to be connected, and that a support sleeve 13 is provided, which according to the already mentioned Figures 2 . 4 . 6 and 8 the outer end side 12 of the stripped portion of the aluminum cable 1 adjacent area in the position of use encloses the outside.
- the support sleeve 13 may thus first placed in the longitudinal direction of the outside to be connected and stripped end of the aluminum cable 1 and pressed or shrunk, so that the wires 2 of the aluminum cable 1 are compressed at least in the region of the end face 12, so that practically a solid cylinder is formed in the finished connection V is the connecting part 4, which may be designed differently according to the individual embodiments, with the end face 12undauch the support sleeve 13 welded.
- the connection point V is further marked by a diameter plane of the compound V hinting transverse line, although in the welding no separation point or joint remains, but the two metals of the connected parts due to a through the Welding heat fusion are jointlessly connected.
- the support sleeve 13 extends over the transition between the stripped region of the aluminum cable 1 and the insulation 3, enclosing part of the insulation 3.
- the support sleeve 13 thus serves not only to compress the wires 2 and to form the already mentioned solid cylinder, the welding on the end face 12 and thus the welding of the individual wires 10 or strands of the aluminum cable 1 with the connecting part of copper or a copper alloy or brass Since the support sleeve 13 is pressed or shrunk onto the aluminum cable 1 and thus also to the end of its insulation 3, the end of the insulation 3 becomes firmly fixed to the wires 2 as well connected to the aluminum cable 1, so that a high waterproofness is achieved.
- the one end 13a of the support sleeve 13 in the use position is flush with the end face 12 of the stripped portion of the aluminum cable 1 and the wires 2, so that so the already mentioned solid cylinder on the front side 12 of the aluminum cable 1 is practically enlarged by the existing there thickness of the support sleeve 13 and represents a correspondingly enlarged area for connection to the connector part 4.
- the aluminum cable and the shrunk or pressed Stutzhutse 13 on the one hand and the connector 4 on the other hand have a substantially circular cross section of the embodiment in each case the same size, as it is both in the initial position of the parts before their mutual connection as well as after completion of the compound V respectively recognizes
- the support sleeve 13 compressing the end of the aluminum cable 1 is a metal sleeve and in particular an aluminum sleeve, but possibly also a copper or brass sleeve, it takes part in the welding process and in the formation of the weld seam 14 and at the same time improves the mutual connection of the parts because thus not only the flat, flat face 12 is connected to the connector 4, but also the end 13 a of the support sleeve 13, on the other hand extends beyond the insulation 3 and possibly occurring dynamic tensile or shear forces well distributed.
- the support sleeve 13 has in its interior two sections of different inner cross-sections or inner diameter.
- the section 13b with the larger inner diameter surrounds the end of the insulation 3 of the aluminum cable 1
- the section 13c of smaller inner cross section surrounds the stripped region of the aluminum cable 1.
- the difference between the inner diameters of these two sections 13b and 13c of the support sleeve 13 corresponds to twice the thickness of the Insulation 3 of the aluminum cable 1, that is, the difference in the inner radii of the two sections 13b and 13c of the support sleeve 13 correspond approximately to the thickness of the insulation 3, so that despite the gradation between the insulated and the stripped portion of the aluminum cable 1, the outside of the support sleeve 13 in can be substantially smooth and without heel or diameter change.
- connection V In order to produce the connection V, therefore, the aluminum cable 1 is first stripped at the connection end by either the insulation 3 is removed to a certain length or omitted from the outset. Thereafter, the support sleeve 13 is pressed or shrunk, whereby the wires 2 or strands of the aluminum cable 1 are compressed, so that there is virtually a Voliquerrough on the end face 12 despite the formation of these individual wires 2, for welding to the connector 4 available stands. Thereafter, the aluminum cable 1 is butt welded together with the support sleeve 13 with the connection part 4, which may be designed differently according to the individual embodiments. Due to the welding heat and a mutual compressive force in the longitudinal direction of the parts to be joined results in the bead-shaped weld 14th
- the support sleeve 13 In the initial position and also after the connection V has been produced, the support sleeve 13 is flush with the end face of the aluminum cable 1 with one end 13a. This allows the aluminum cable 1 provided with the support sleeve 13 to be connected to the connection part 4 by friction welding.
- the connecting with the aluminum cable 1 and blunt to be welded connection part 4 is rotated in a manner not shown in rotation and rotating at high speed, for example, 1500 Umdr./Min. pressed against the end face 12 of the aluminum cable 1 and the end 13a of the now pressed support sleeve 13 and fused and welded by the resulting frictional heat after braking and stopping the rotation, in the region of the compound V then the metals of the connected parts also alloyed together become.
- the wires 2 or strands of the aluminum cable 1 are thus compressed before and during the welding process at least in the region of the frontal connection point V to form the already mentioned solid cross-section with a flat, flat face 12.
- the support sleeve 13 is on the outside surface, in particular to a polygon, for example, to a hexagon, pressed so that a largely uniform compression of the wires 2 in the region of the connection V and the support sleeve 13 later outside well with tools during assembly are detected can.
- Fig.2 Can be connected to the aluminum cable 1, a battery terminal 5 with connecting pin 5a as Anschiußteil 4.
- connection part 4 which is designed as a cable lug 6 with a bolt-shaped connection part 6a
- connection of the aluminum cable 1 is shown with a connection adapter 7 for cohesive electrical connections, for example via Stekkerlixe 8, wherein the connection adapter 7 itself has the corresponding cross-sectional shape and surface for blunt welding with the aluminum cable 1.
- Fig.7 and 8 shows the ability to connect an aluminum cable 1 with a piece of cable 9 in particular copper or a copper alloy as a connector 4, said serving as a connector 4 cable piece 9 of wires 10 made of copper or a copper alloy on its outside also with a support sleeve 13 in particular Copper, a copper alloy or brass or aluminum, in each case made of metal, pressed and butt welded to the front side 12 of the aluminum cable 1.
- this support sleeve 13 is made of copper or the like flush with the cable piece 9 at the end, so that the connection V takes place both on the respective wires 2 and 10 and the support sleeves 13, that is, over a correspondingly enlarged cross-section with appropriate stability.
- a device for carrying out such a method is not shown in detail and expediently comprises an apparent clamping device for the provided with the support sleeve 13 aluminum cable 1 and arranged in alignment with detachable and rotatably driven holder for the connection part 4.
- the jig and the holder are then relative to each other in the direction of longitudinal extension of the aluminum cable 1 and thus aligned at least in mutual contact terminal part 4 movable or displaceable, so that the rotating pressed against the fixed part and thereby the necessary friction heat for Reibsch spavorgang can be generated.
- the rotating holder is expediently displaceable, dasie receives the total shorter or smaller connector part 4 After braking the rotary drive takes place under the resulting friction heat mutual fusion and welding practically over the entire cross section, which is not only a solid but also a tight connection V results
- the aluminum wires 2 are protected and protected and despite this compression not so much deformed that they can no longer withstand later dynamic loads.
- connection V of the aluminum electric wire 1 with a fitting 4 made of copper or a copper alloy is effected by squeezing the wires 2 forming the aluminum cable 1 in the end portion and welding to the fitting 4, in particular by a friction welding method.
- the frictional heat between the materials is used to melt both materials and without additional welding material together connect to.
- the Aluminiumkebel 1 is provided with a pressed-it with support sleeve 13, which makes the individual wires 2 at the junction practically a full surface and is welded together with the connection part 4.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbindung eines elektrischen Aluminiumkabels, insbesondere eines aus mehreren Aluminiumdrähten oder-fitzen gebildeten und isolierten Aluminiumkabels mit einem aus Kupfer, aus einer Kupferlegierung und/oder aus Messing bestehenden Anschlußteil, zum Beispiel mit einer Batterieklemme, einem Kabelschuh, einem Anschlußadapter, einem Steckerteil, einem Kabelstück oder dergleichen, für die elektrische Anlage eines Kraftfahrzeuges, wobei die Isolierung des Aluminiumkabels vor der Berührstelle mit dem Anschlußteil endet oder entfernt ist und eine Stützhülle vorgesehen ist, die zumindest den der endseitigen Stirnseite des abisolierten Teiles des Aluminiumkabels benachbarten Bereich umschließt und mit dem Ende des Aluminiumkabels verpreßt und/oder darauf aufgeschrumpft ist, so daß die Drähte des Aluminiumkabels zumindest im Bereich der Stirnseite zusammengedrückt sind.The invention relates to a connection of an electrical aluminum cable, in particular of an aluminum cable formed and insulated from a plurality of aluminum wires or fitzen with a copper, copper alloy and / or brass connecting part, for example with a battery terminal, a cable lug, a connection adapter, a Plug part, a piece of cable or the like, for the electrical system of a motor vehicle, the insulation of the aluminum cable ends before the point of contact with the connector or is removed and a support sleeve is provided, which encloses at least the end side of the stripped portion of the aluminum cable adjacent area and pressed with the end of the aluminum cable and / or shrunk onto it, so that the wires of the aluminum cable are compressed at least in the region of the front side.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Verbinden eines elektrischen Aluminiumkabels mit einem aus Kupfer, aus einer Kupferlegierung und/oderaus Messing bestehenden Anschlußteil, zum Beispiel Batterieklemme, Kabelschuh, Anschlußadapter, Steckerteil, Kabel oder dergleichen, für die elektrische Anlage eines Kraftfahrzeuges, wobei die Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels mit der Stirnseite des Anschlußteiles in Verbindung und elektrischen Kontakt gebracht und dazu das Aluminiumkabel an dem Verbindungsende abisoliert, auf die abisolierte Stelle eine Stützhülse aufgesteckt verpreßt oder geschrumpft und dadurch die Drähte oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels zusammengedrückt werden.The invention further relates to a method for connecting an electrical aluminum cable with a copper, copper alloy and / or brass connection part, for example battery terminal, cable lug, connection adapter, plug part, cable or the like, for the electrical system of a motor vehicle, wherein the front side the aluminum cable is brought into contact with and electrical contact with the end face of the connection part and the aluminum cable is stripped at the connection end, pressed or shrunk onto the stripped point, and the wires or strands of the aluminum cable are pressed together.
Der Gedanke, die aus Kupfer oder Kupferlegierungen bestehenden stromführenden Leitungen, Insbesondere Energieleitungen, mit relativ großem Querschnitt in Kraftfahrzeugen durch solche aus Aluminium zu ersetzen, ist bekannt, weil Aluminium auch dann zu einem geringeren Gewicht führt, wenn die Leitungsquerschnitte wegen der etwas geringeren Leitfähigkeit von Aluminium gegenüber Kupfer vergrößert werden müssen.The idea of replacing current-carrying leads made of copper or copper alloys, in particular power leads, with relatively large cross-section in motor vehicles by means of aluminum is known, because aluminum leads to a lower weight even if the conductor cross-sections due to the slightly lower conductivity of Aluminum must be increased compared to copper.
Aus der
Ferner wurden Versuche gemacht und in der
Femer ergibt sich beider Verbindung eines aus Einzeldrähten oder Litzen gebildeten Aluminiumkabels mit einem Anschlußteil die Notwendigkeit, zur Verminderung des elektrischen Widerstandes eine Klemmverbindung mit hoher Preßkraft vorzunehmen. Dies führt an der Preßstelle zu Verformungen der Querschnitte der einzelnen Aluminiumdrähte, so daß diese an der Verbindungsstelle von vorneherein geschwächt sind und unter der dynamischen Belastung in einem Kraftfahrzeug im Laufe der Zeit brechen können. Besonders hohe dynamische Beanspruchungen entstehen dabei im Bereich des Antriebsmotors, der Lichtmaschine und auch der Batterie.Furthermore, when connecting an aluminum cable formed from individual wires or strands with a connection part, it becomes necessary to make a clamping connection with a high pressing force in order to reduce the electrical resistance. This leads to deformations of the cross-sections of the individual aluminum wires at the press point, so that they are weakened at the junction from the outset and can break under the dynamic load in a motor vehicle over time. Particularly high dynamic loads arise in the area of the drive motor, the alternator and the battery.
Auf der anderen Seite ist es nicht möglich, das Anschlußteil selbst ebenfalls aus Aluminium zu fertigen, weil im Bereich von Batterien oder Akkumulatoren Säuredämpfe nicht ganz auszuschließen sind, die Aluminium in erheblich höherem Maße als Kupfer, Kupferlegierungen oder Messing angreifen, und weil Anschlüsse an mit einem Verbrennungsmotor verbundene Aggregate wie Lichtmaschinen einer so hohen dynamischen Belastung ausgesetzt sind, daß daraus im Laufe der Zeit der weniger stabile Werkstoff Aluminium zu Bruch geht beziehungsweise die Anschlußverbindung zerstört wird.On the other hand, it is not possible to make the connector itself also made of aluminum, because in the range of batteries or accumulators acid vapors can not be completely ruled out that attack aluminum to a much greater extent than copper, copper alloys or brass, and because connections to An internal combustion engine connected units such as alternators are exposed to such a high dynamic load that from it over time the less stable material aluminum is broken or the connection connection is destroyed.
Aluminium unterilegt auch einer größeren Korrosionsgefahr als Kupfer, das eine relativ gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit hat, weil Aluminium relativ unedel ist und deshalb das Bestreben hat, in die stabilere oxidische Form überzugehen, aus der es unter Aufwendung von Energie erzeugt wurde.Aluminum also presents a greater risk of corrosion than copper, which has relatively good corrosion resistance because aluminum is relatively non-noble and therefore tends to transition to the more stable oxide form from which it was generated by using energy.
Werden Metalle unterschiedlich edlen Charakters leitend miteinander verbunden, besteht die Gefahr einer Kontaktkorrosion. Dabei sind die Kupferwerkstoffe aufgrund ihres edlen Potentiales weniger als Aluminium gefährdet, können sich aber bei einer Verbindung damit auf dieses Metall gefährdend auswirken. Da Aluminium das unedlere Metall gegenüber Kupfer ist, kann es bei einer Berührverbindung bei hohen Strömen und längeren Belastungszeiten vor allem In feuchtem, salzhaltigem Klima dazu kommen, daß das unedlere Metall, also das Aluminium, als "Opferanode" wirkt und abnimmt. Es kommt also mit der Zeit zu einem Materialverlust an der Kontaktoberfläche, was sich negativ auf den Kontaktwiderstand und die Festigkeit auswirkt.If metals of different nobility are conductively connected, there is a risk of contact corrosion. Due to their noble potential, the copper materials are less endangered than aluminum, but can have a harmful effect on this metal when combined with it. Since aluminum is the less noble metal compared to copper, it may happen in a Berührverbindung at high currents and longer exposure times, especially in humid, salty climate that the less noble metal, so the aluminum acts as a "sacrificial anode" and decreases. Over time, material loss occurs at the contact surface, which negatively affects contact resistance and strength.
Auch bei der Verwendung einer das abisolierte Aluminiumkabel umschließenden Aluminiumhülse und deren Verschweißung mit einem Anschlußteil aus Kupfer gemäß
Es besteht deshalb die Aufgabe, eine Verbindung zu der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die eine hohe Festigkeit gegenüber den dynamischen Belastungen und eine gute Leitfähigkeit hat und eine Oxidschicht oder Korrosion an dem Aluminium im Bereich der Verbindung durch den Verbindungsvorgang selbst einerseits beseitigt und/oder andererseits eine Oxidschicht in diesem Bereich der gegenseitigen Kontaktierung der unterschiedlichen Metalle verhindert.It is therefore an object to provide a compound of the type mentioned, which has a high resistance to dynamic loads and good conductivity and an oxide layer or eliminates corrosion on the aluminum in the region of the connection by the connection process itself on the one hand and / or on the other hand prevents an oxide layer in this region of the mutual contacting of the different metals.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die eingangs genannte Verbindung eines elektrischen Aluminiumkabels mit einem Anschlußteil nach anspruch 1 oder 9 gebildet.To solve this problem, the aforementioned compound of an electrical aluminum cable with a connection part according to
Die Verbindung ist also vor allem durch eine zusätzliche Stützhülse an dem Aluminiumkabel gekennzeichnet, die die einzelnen Drähte oder Litzen durch Zusammendrücken genügend stabilisiert und einander annähert, um eine metallische Fläche an der Stirnseite des Kabels zu ergeben, die dann gleichzeitig die Verbindungsstelle beziehungsweise die Stelle der Verschweißung mit dem Anschlußteil ist Dadurch ist es möglich, diese Stirnseite von Oxid zu befreien, sofern sich dort welches gebildet haben sollte, und dann diese Stirnseite mit dem Anschlußteil stumpf zu verschweißen, so daß auch zukünftig an dieser Stelle kein Oxid entstehen kann. Bekanntermaßen kann Aluminium mit Kupfer durchaus verschmolzen und verschweißt werden und also an der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindung sogar eine gegenseitige Legierung bilden. Versuche haben gezeigt, daß die Reißfestigkeit einer solchen Verbindung höher als die des Aluminiumkabel und/oder des Anschlußstückes selbst sein kann.The compound is thus characterized mainly by an additional support sleeve on the aluminum cable, which stabilizes the individual wires or strands by squeezing enough and approaches each other to give a metallic surface on the front side of the cable, which then simultaneously the junction or the point of This makes it possible to rid this end of oxide, if there should have formed, and then to weld this end face butt with the connection part, so that in the future no oxide can arise at this point. As is known, aluminum can certainly be fused and welded to copper and thus even form a mutual alloy on the compound according to the invention. Experiments have shown that the tensile strength of such a compound can be higher than that of the aluminum cable and / or the fitting itself.
Da die einzelnen Drähte des Aluminiumkabels selbst mit dem Anschlußteil und dadurch auch mit sich selbst verschweißt werden, ergibt sich eine untermetallische Verbindung zwischen dem Aluminiumkabel und dessen Einzeldrähten und dem aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung bestehenden Anschlußstück, die sich über die gesamte stirnseitige Querschnittsfläche erstrekken kann. Diese untermetallische Verbindungsschicht kann gemäß Versuchen circa 2 mm stark sein, so daß ein Luft- oder Feuchtigkeitszutritt zu dieser Verbindungsstelle ausgeschlossen istSince the individual wires of the aluminum cable itself are welded to the terminal part and thereby also to itself, there is a submetallic connection between the aluminum cable and its individual wires and made of copper or a copper alloy fitting, which can extend over the entire end face cross-sectional area. According to tests, this submetallic compound layer can be approximately 2 mm thick, so that access of air or moisture to this connection point is excluded
Besonders günstig ist es, wenn die Stützhülse bis über den Übergang zwischen dem abisolierten Bereich des Aluminiumkabels und der Isolierung, einen Teil der Isolierung umschließend, reicht Die Stützhülse erhält also zweckmäßigerweise eine größere axiale Länge als der abisolierte Bereich des Aluminiumkabels, so daß eine gute Aussteifung im Bereich der Verbindungsstelle bis unter die Isolierung erreicht wird, was zu einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Preßkräfte im Verbindungsbereich führt, ohne die einzelnen Aluminiumdrähte zu stark zu belasten und zu verformen. Somit ist eine solche Verbindungsstelle auch Querkräften und dynamischen Belastungen, wie sie in Kraftfahrzeugen auch an mit dem Motor verbundenen Aggregaten auftreten können, gewachsen. Gleichzeitig kann eine gute Abdichtung des Aluminiumkabels und der Verbindung erzielt werden.It is particularly advantageous if the support sleeve extends over the transition between the stripped region of the aluminum cable and the insulation, enclosing part of the insulation. The support sleeve thus expediently obtains a greater axial length than the stripped region of the aluminum cable, so that a good stiffening is achieved in the region of the junction to below the insulation, resulting in a uniform distribution of the compressive forces in the connection area, without overburdening and deforming the individual aluminum wires too much. Thus, such a junction is also lateral forces and dynamic loads, as they can occur in motor vehicles also connected to the engine units, grown. At the same time a good sealing of the aluminum cable and the connection can be achieved.
Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, wenn das eine Ende der Stützhülse bündig mit der endseitigen Stirnseite des abisolierten Bereiches des Aluminiumkabels ist. Die Stützhülse vergrößert dadurch dann die Verbindungsstelle in radialer Richtung und steht selbst auch zur Verschweißung mit einem entsprechend bemessenen Anschlußstück oder Gegenstück zur Verfügung, sofern die das Ende des Aluminiumkabels zusammendrückende Stützhülse eine Metallhülse, insbesondere eine Aluminiumhülse ist. Vor allem eine Aluminiumhülse hat dabei den Vorteil, daß sie sich bezüglich Wärmedehnung, elektrischer Leitfähigkeit und Verschweißbarkeit wie das Aluminiumkabel selbst verhält, also gewissermaßen eine Ergänzung des Aluminiumkabels an der Verbindungsstelle ist.It is expedient if one end of the support sleeve is flush with the end-side end side of the stripped region of the aluminum cable. The support sleeve then increases the connection point in the radial direction and is also available for welding with a suitably sized fitting or counterpart, provided that the end of the aluminum cable compressing support sleeve is a metal sleeve, in particular an aluminum sleeve. Especially an aluminum sleeve has the advantage that it behaves in terms of thermal expansion, electrical conductivity and weldability as the aluminum cable itself, so to speak is a supplement of the aluminum cable at the junction.
Besonders günstig ist es, wenn das Aluminiumkabel und die aufgeschrumpfte oder aufgepreßte Stützhülse und das Anschlußteil einen im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Querschnitt insbesondere gleicher Größe haben. Die Schweißstelle kann dann über den gesamten Querschnitt der Verbindung und dabei gleichzeitig den gesamten Querschnitt des Anschlußteiles einerseits und der aus Aluminiumkabel und Stützhülse gebildeten Einheilt andererseits reichen. Entsprechend günstige Widerstandswerte für den elektrischen Strom können an dieser großflächigen Verbindung erzielt werden.It is particularly favorable if the aluminum cable and the shrunk-on or pressed-on support sleeve and the connecting part have a substantially circular cross-section, in particular of the same size. The weld can then extend over the entire cross section of the compound and at the same time the entire cross section of the connecting part on the one hand and the healing of aluminum cable and support sleeve formed on the other. Correspondingly favorable resistance values for the electric current can be achieved at this large-area connection.
Für eine bestmögliche Verteilung der Druckkräfte auf die einzelnen Drähte oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels ist es günstig, wenn die Stützhülse zum Verpressen oder Vorverpressen des Aluminiumkabels in ihrem Inneren wenigstens zwei Abschnitte unterschiedlichen Innenquerschnittes oder Innendurchmessers hat und der Abschnitt mit dem größeren Innendurchmesser das Ende der Isolierung des Aluminiumkabels und der Bereich kleineren Innenquerschnittes den abisolierten Bereich des Aluminiumkabels umgreift. Dabei kann die Differenz der Innendurchmesser der Stützhülse etwa der doppelten Dicke der Isolierung des Aluminiumkabels entsprechen. Es kann also mit dieser Gestaltung der Stützhülse der Querschnittsunterschied zwischen isoliertem und nichtlsollertem Teil des Aluminiumkabels Rechnung getragen werden, so daß die Stützhülse vor und auch nach dem Verpressen an ihrer Außenseite weitgehend einen gleichbleibenden Umfang hat und die Mittel zum Verpressen keine Querschnittsunterschiede berücksichtigen müssen, obwohl diese Im Inneren der Stützhülse an dem Aluminiumkabel vorhanden sind. Da das der Verbindungsstelle abgewandte Ende der Verpressung im isolierten Bereich des Aluminiumkabels angeordnetwerden kann, werden die einzelnen Drähte des Kabels gegen zu starke mechanische Verformungen aufgrund des Preßvorganges geschützt und behalten somit ihre FestigkeitFor best possible distribution of compressive forces on the individual wires or strands of the aluminum cable, it is advantageous if the support sleeve for pressing or Vorverpressen the aluminum cable in its interior has at least two sections of different inner cross-section or inner diameter and the portion with the larger inner diameter of the end of the insulation of the Aluminum cable and the area of smaller inner cross-section encompasses the stripped area of the aluminum cable. In this case, the difference of the inner diameter of the support sleeve can correspond to about twice the thickness of the insulation of the aluminum cable. It can therefore be taken into account with this design of the support sleeve, the cross-sectional difference between the isolated and nichtlsollertem part of the aluminum cable, so that the support sleeve before and after pressing on its outer side has largely a constant extent and the means for pressing no cross-sectional differences must be considered, although These are present inside the support sleeve on the aluminum cable. Since the end of the crimp facing away from the joint can be located in the insulated area of the aluminum cable, the individual wires of the cable are protected against excessive mechanical deformation due to the pressing process and thus retain their strength
Es wurde schon erwähnt, daß die Verbindung durch stumpfes Schweißen fertiggestellt sein kann. Besonders günstig ist es dabei, wenn das mit der Stützhülse versehene Ende des Aluminiumkabels mit dem Anschlußteil durch Reibschweißen verbunden ist. Reibschweißen ist an sich bekannt und wird in vielen Fällen dadurch bewirkt, daß eines der Teile vor der Verbindung in Rotation versetzt wird, dann gegen das andere Teil bewegt wird, wodurch eine Reibungswärme entsteht, die hoch genug zum Verschweißen der Teile ist, so daß sie sich nach dem Abbremsen der Rotation fest miteinander verbinden. Vor allem beim Verbinden eines Aluminiumkabels mit einem Anschlußteil kann dadurch gleichzeitig eine eventuell an der Verbindungsstelle bzw. Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels entstandene Oxidschicht automatisch beseitigt werden, weil durch die mechanische Reibung eine solche Schicht durchdrungen und entfernt wird. Somit ist eine elektrische Verbindung eines Aluminiumkabels mit einem Anschlußteil durch Reibschweißen als besonders vorteilhaft und günstig anzusehen, zumal relativ geringe Energien für diese Art des Verschweißens beispielsweise gegenüber einem auch denkbaren Abbrenn-Stumpfschweißen notwendig sind.It has already been mentioned that the connection can be completed by butt welding. It is particularly advantageous if the provided with the support sleeve end of the aluminum cable is connected to the connection part by friction welding. Friction welding is known per se and in many cases thereby causing one of the parts to be rotated prior to the connection, then to move against the other part, creating a frictional heat high enough to weld the parts so that they firmly bond together after the rotation has been decelerated. Especially when connecting an aluminum cable with a connection part can thereby be automatically eliminated at the junction or end face of the aluminum cable oxide layer automatically because such a layer is penetrated and removed by the mechanical friction. Thus, an electrical connection of an aluminum cable with a connection part by friction welding to be regarded as particularly advantageous and favorable, especially since relatively low energies for this type of welding, for example, against a conceivable Abbrenn-butt welding are necessary.
Das eingangs schon erwähnte Verfahren ist zur Lösung der Aufgabe dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelnen Drähte oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels zusammen mit der Stützhülse mit dem Anschlußteil stumpf verschweißt werden. Statt aufwendige Klemmverbindunen anzubringen, bei denen eine mechanische Verklemmung und Verbindung der beiden zu verbindenden Teile durchgeführt wird und die möglicherweise anschließend noch einmal mit Kunststoff umgossenwerden muß, werden also die beiden Teile unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe miteinander verschweißt, wobei die weiche und nachgiebige Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels zunächst durch eine Stützhülse mechanisch verfestigt wird, um den Belastungen der Verschweißung standzuhalten und diese Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels zur unmittelbaren Verschweißung mit einem Anschlußteil geeignet zu machen, denn es ergibt sich dabei eine praktisch geschlossene, aus den einzelnen Drähten oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels gebildete metallische Fläche.The above-mentioned method is to achieve the object, characterized in that the individual wires or strands of the aluminum cable are butt welded together with the support sleeve with the connecting part. Instead of attaching complex Klemmverbindunen where a mechanical jamming and connection of the two parts to be joined is performed and may then be encapsulated with plastic again, so the two parts of different materials are welded together, the soft and resilient end of the aluminum cable first through a support sleeve is mechanically strengthened to withstand the stresses of the weld and make this end face of the aluminum cable suitable for direct welding with a connector, because this results in a practically closed, formed from the individual wires or strands of the aluminum cable metallic surface.
Dabei kann zweckmäßigerweise dahingehend verfahren werden, daß die Stützhülse mit einem Ende bündig zu der Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels angeordnet wird, das heißt ein Ende der Stützhülse wird zur Vergrößerung der Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels und damit der Verbindungsstelle herangezogen und mitverwendet. Gleichzeitig wird sichergestellt, daß an der Stirnseite die einzelnen Drähte oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels auch tatsächlich einerseits alle zusammengedrückt und verfestigt miteinander angeordnet und dennoch für die Verschweißung zugänglich sind. Dabei können auch diese Drähte miteinander bündig sein und eine ebene Stirnoder Querschnittsfläche bilden.It can be expediently proceed to the effect that the support sleeve is arranged with one end flush with the end face of the aluminum cable, that is, one end of the support sleeve is used to increase the front side of the aluminum cable and thus the connection point and used. At the same time it is ensured that on the front side, the individual wires or strands of the aluminum cable actually on the one hand all squeezed together and solidified with each other and yet are accessible to the weld. These wires can be flush with each other and form a flat front or cross-sectional area.
Eine besonders günstige Verfahrensweise kann darin bestehen, daß das mit der Stützhülse versehene Aluminiumkabel mit dem Anschlußteil durch Reibschweißen verbunden wird. Gegenüber einem elektrisch unterstützten Stumpfschweißverfahren wird dafür in vorteilhafter Weise wesentlich weniger Energie benötigt. Dennoch erlaubt das Reibschweißverfahren eine Verschweißung der Materialien Aluminium einerseits und Kupfer oder Kupferlegierung dererseits unter Bildung intermetallischer Phasen, das heißt die Oxidschicht am Aluminium wird zerstört und die Korrosionsmöglichkeft an der Verbindungsstelle eliminiert Da das Aluminiumkabel mit der Stützhülse zuvor oder spätestens gleichzeitig mit dem Schweißvorgang verpreßt wird, entsteht eine Art Vollzylinder, an dessen Stirnseite oder Kopffläche die Verschweißung erfolgen kann. Die Verpressung der einzelnen Drähte des Aluminiumkabels braucht also nur gut genug zu sein, um den Belastungen des Reibschweißvorganges standzuhalten. Dabei kann ein solcher Reibschweißvorgang mit einem geringen Materiatverlust an der Verbindungs- und Schweißstelle einhergehen, der sich In Form einer Wulst um die Nahtstelle abzeichnet, die gleichzeitig die Verbindungsstelle vergrößert und damit die Verbindung selbst verstärkt.A particularly favorable procedure may consist in that the aluminum cable provided with the support sleeve is connected to the connection part by friction welding. Compared to an electrically assisted butt welding method significantly less energy is required for this advantageously. Nevertheless, the friction welding method allows a welding of the aluminum materials on the one hand and copper or copper alloy on the other hand to form intermetallic phases, that is, the oxide layer on the aluminum is destroyed and eliminates the Korrosionsmöglichkeft at the junction Since the aluminum cable is pressed with the support sleeve before or later than at the same time with the welding process , creates a kind of solid cylinder, at its front or top surface, the welding can be done. The compression of the individual wires of the aluminum cable so only needs to be good enough to withstand the stresses of Reibschweißvorganges. In this case, such a friction welding operation can be accompanied by a slight loss of material at the connection and welding point, which is in the form of a bead around the seam, which at the same time enlarges the connection point and thus reinforces the connection itself.
Besonders günstig ist es, wenn das mit dem Aluminiumkabel zu verbindende oder stumpf zu verschweißende Anschlußteil gedreht und rotierend gegen die Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels gedrückt und durch die dabei entstehende Reibwärme nach dem Abbremsen der Rotation verschmolzen oder verschweißt wird. Zwar könnte die Reibung und die Reibwärme auch durch andere gegenseitige Relativbewegungen bewirkt werden, jedoch hat die Rotation den großen Vorteil, daß die zu verbindenden Teile in Querrichtung bereits ihre endgültige Lage einnehmen können und eine nahezu beliebige Umdrehungszahl an dem rotierenden Teil erzeugt werden kann, um genügend Reibungswärme für das Verschweißen zu erhalten. Gleichzeitig kann so eine eventuell auf der Aluminiumseite befindliche Oxidschicht besonders effektiv durchdrungen und beseitigt werden.It is particularly favorable if the connection part to be connected or butt-welded to the aluminum cable is rotated and pressed in rotation against the end face of the aluminum cable and is fused or welded by the frictional heat generated after the rotation is decelerated. Although the friction and the frictional heat could be caused by other mutual relative movements, but the rotation has the great advantage that the parts to be joined in the transverse direction can already assume their final position and an almost arbitrary number of revolutions can be generated on the rotating part to get enough frictional heat for welding. At the same time, any oxide layer on the aluminum side may be penetrated and removed in a particularly effective manner.
Die Drähte oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels können vor und/oder während des Schweißvorganges zumindestim Bereich derstimseitigen Verbindungsstelle zusammengedrücktwerden, was mit derschon erwähnten Stützhülse besonders einfach durchgeführt werden kann. Dabei kann die Stützhülse außenseitig flächig, insbesondere zu einem Mehrkant, zum Beispiel zu einem Sechskant, verpreßtwerden. Dadurch ergibt sich zusätzlich bei der späteren Montage die Möglichkeit für einen Werkzeugangriff, beispielsweise für den Angriff eines Schraubenschlüssels. Außerdem kann eine solche Mehrkantform an der Außenseite der Stützhülse bei der Verlegung und Montage des Kabels mit seinem Anschlußstück vorteilhaft sein.The wires or strands of the aluminum cable can be compressed before and / or during the welding process at least in the area of the terminal-side connection point, which can be carried out particularly easily with the support sleeve mentioned above. In this case, the support sleeve on the outside surface, in particular to a polygonal, for example, to a hexagon, be pressed. This results in addition to the later assembly the possibility for a tool attack, for example, for the attack of a wrench. In addition, such a polygonal shape on the outside of the support sleeve in the installation and installation of the cable with its connector may be advantageous.
Das Anschlußteil kann entweder ein Zylinder aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung, beispielsweise aus Messing sein, der seinerseits mit einem entsprechenden Konnektor oder einer Kabelklemme oder einer Batteriekiemme oder dergleichen verbunden wird oder von vorneherein schon einstückig damit verbunden ist. Ein solcher Zylinder kann besonders gut in Rotation versetzt und durch Reibschweißen mit dem entsprechend vorbereiteten Aluminiumkabel verbunden werden.The connecting part may be either a cylinder made of copper or a copper alloy, for example made of brass, which in turn is connected to a corresponding connector or a cable clamp or Batteriekiemme or the like or is already connected in one piece with it from the outset. Such a cylinder can be rotated particularly well and connected by friction welding with the appropriately prepared aluminum cable.
Es ist aber auch möglich, daß ein als Anschlußteil dienendes Kabelstück aus Drähten aus Kupfer, Kupferlegierung und/oder Messing an seiner Außenseite mit einer Stützhülse, insbesondere aus Kupfer, Kupferlegierung oder Messing oder dergleichen Metall, verpreßt und mit der Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels stumpf verschweißt wird. Es sind nämlich Fälle denkbar, wo zwar im wesentlichen aus Aluminium gebildete Kabel benutzt werden, die aber doch noch mit einem Stück eines Kupferkabels verbunden werden müssen insbesondere, wenn hohe dynamische Belastungen im Bereich derverbindungsstelle auftreten können oder im weiteren Verlauf einer solchen elektrischen Leitung eine Werkstoffpaarung Kupfer oder eine Kupferlegierung verlangt. In einem solchen Fall kann also das mit dem Aluminiumkabel zu verbindende Anschlußteil seinerseits ein Kabelstück aus Kupferdrähten sein, das ebenfalls mittels einer Stützhülse stabilisiert wird, so daß ein Reibschweißverfahren insbesondere durch Rotation vorzugsweise des Kupferteiles ermöglicht wird, bei welchem dann die Kabel selbst und die Stützhülsen miteinander verbunden und verschweißt werden.But it is also possible that serving as a connector cable piece of wires made of copper, copper alloy and / or brass on its outer side with a support sleeve, in particular of copper, copper alloy or brass or the like metal, pressed and butt welded to the front side of the aluminum cable. In fact, cases are conceivable where, although substantially made of aluminum cables are used, but still need to be connected to a piece of copper cable in particular, if high dynamic loads in the region of the junction may occur or in the course of such an electrical line a material pairing Copper or a copper alloy required. In such a case, therefore, the connection part to be connected to the aluminum cable can in turn be a cable piece made of copper wires, which is also stabilized by means of a support sleeve, so that a Reibschweißverfahren is made possible in particular by rotation preferably of the copper part, in which then the cable itself and the support sleeves connected and welded together.
Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zum Verbinden eines Aluminiumkabels mit einem Anschlußstück kann vor allem darin bestehen, daß eine öffenbare Einspannvorrichtung für das mit der Stützhülse versehene Aluminiumkabel und eine in Flucht damit angeordnete lösbare Halterung für das Anschlußteil vorgesehen sind, daß die Halterung einen Drehantrieb hat oder damit kuppelbar ist und daß die Einspannvorrichtung und die Halterung relativ zueinander in Längserstreckungsrichtung des Aluminiumkabels und des damit zumindest bei gegenseitiger Berührung fluchtenden Anschlußteiles bewegbar oder verschiebbarsind. Besonders günstig ist es dabei, wenn die rotierende Halterung verschiebbar ist Diese Verschiebbarkeit schließt dann die erforderliche Andrückkraft an der Verbindungsstelle ein, die während des Verschweißens ausgeübt wird. Dabei kann die öffenbare Einspannvorrichtung für das Ende des Aluminiumkabels gleichzeitig zum Verpressen derdortvorgesehenen Stützhülse herangezogen werden.A device for carrying out the method for connecting an aluminum cable with a connector may consist in particular in that an openable clamping device for the provided with the support sleeve aluminum cable and arranged in alignment with releasable support for the connection part are provided, that the holder has a rotary drive or so that it can be coupled and that the clamping device and the holder are movable or displaceable relative to one another in the direction of longitudinal extent of the aluminum cable and of the connecting part which is thus aligned at least in the case of mutual contact. It is particularly favorable if the rotating holder is displaceable. This displaceability then includes the required pressing force at the connection point, which is exerted during the welding. In this case, the openable clamping device for the end of the aluminum cable can be used simultaneously for pressing the support sleeve provided therefor.
Vor allem bei Kombination einzeiner oder mehrerer der vorbeschriebenen Merkmale und Maßnahmen ergibt sich eine Verbindung eines zur elektrischen Leitung dienenden Aluminiumkabels, bei welchem nicht unmittelbar an den einzelnen Drähten oder Litzen selbst geschweißt werden kann und muß, sondern eine zweckmäßigerweise aus Aluminium, also identischem Werkstoff bestehende Stützhülse vorgesehen ist, womit die Drähte und Litzen vorverdichtet werden können. Somit wird eine Art Vollzylinder gebildet, der gleichzeitig auch als Dichtung über der Isolation dient, weil er bis über diese Isolation reichen kann. Diese Dichtung hat bei Versuchen einen Wasserdichtigkeitstest mit ein Meter Wassersäule bestanden. Die Verbindungsstelle selbst hat eine hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit, weil eine zuvor eventuell auf der Aluminiumseite und unter Umständen sogar auf der Kupferseite vorhandene Oxidschicht durch Reibschweißen bei einer relativen gegenseitigen Rotation eliminiert werden kann, so daß die beiden unterschiedlichen Metalle in intermetallische Phasen gelangen und miteinander verschmolzen und verschweißt werden.Especially when combining one or more of the above-described features and measures results in a connection of an electric cable serving aluminum cable, which can not be directly welded to the individual wires or strands itself and must, but a suitably made of aluminum, so identical material Support sleeve is provided, whereby the wires and strands can be pre-compressed. Thus, a kind of solid cylinder is formed, which also serves as a seal over the insulation, because it can reach beyond this isolation. This seal has passed a water resistance test with one meter of water during tests. The joint itself has a high electrical conductivity, because a previously possibly on the aluminum side and possibly even on the copper side existing oxide layer can be eliminated by friction welding at a relative mutual rotation, so that the two different metals get into intermetallic phases and fused together and be welded.
Nachstehend sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigt in zum Teil schematisierter Darstellung:
- Fig.1
- das Ende eines abisolierten Aluminiumkabels, eine darüber aufsteckbare und anpreßbare Stützhülse und eine Batterieklemme aus anderem Metall, die miteinander elektrisch leitend zu verbinden sind,
- Fg.2
- die elektrische Verbindung des Aluminiumkabels, derStützhülse und der Batterieklemme gemäß
Fig.1 mit einer Reibschweißnaht an der Verbindungsstelle, - Fig.3
- eine der Fg.1 entsprechende Darstellung, bei welcher ein Kabelschuh zur elektrisch leitenden Verbindung und Verschweißung mit einem Alumlniumkabel vorgesehen ist,
- Fg.4
- eine der
Fig.2 entsprechende Darstellung der Verbindung des Kabelschuhs mit dem mit einer Stützhülse versehenen Aluminiumkabel, - Fig.5
- ein Aluminiumkabel, eine Stützhülse und ein damit zu verbindender Anschlußadapter oder Steckerstift aus Buntmetall vor der gegenseitigen Verbindung und
- Fig.6
- die Verbindung des Anschlußadapters an dem Aluminiumkabel durch eine Reibverschweißung,
- Fig.7
- das abisolierte Ende eines Aluminiumkabels mit einer dazu gehörenden Stützhülse und das abisolierte Ende eines Kupferkabels mit dazu gehörender und dazu passender Stûtzhülse sowie
- Fig.8
- die Verbindung des mit Stützhülse versehenen Aluminiumkabels mit dem mit Stützhülse versehenen Kupferkabeistück durch stumpfes oder Reib-Verschweißen.
- Fig.1
- the end of a stripped aluminum cable, a support sleeve which can be attached and pressed on above, and a battery clamp made of other metal, which are to be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner,
- Fg.2
- the electrical connection of the aluminum cable, the support sleeve and the battery terminal according to
Fig.1 with a friction weld at the joint, - Figure 3
- a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, in which a cable lug is provided for the electrically conductive connection and welding with an aluminum cable,
- Fg.4
- one of the
Fig.2 corresponding representation of the connection of the cable lug with the provided with a support sleeve aluminum cable, - Figure 5
- an aluminum cable, a support sleeve and a connection adapter or connector pin made of non-ferrous metal to be connected thereto before the mutual connection and
- Figure 6
- the connection of the connection adapter to the aluminum cable by friction welding,
- Figure 7
- the stripped end of an aluminum cable with an associated support sleeve and the stripped end of a copper cable with matching and matching sleeve and sleeve
- Figure 8
- the connection of the provided with support sleeve aluminum cable with the support sleeve provided Kupferkabeistück by blunt or friction welding.
Bei den nachfolgend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen von Verbindungen eines elektrischen Aluminiumkabels 1, das aus einzelnen Aluminiumdrähten 2 und einer Isolierung 3 besteht mit einem Anschlußteil 4, erhalten übereinstimmende Teile jeweils dieselben Bezugszahlen.In the embodiments of connections of an aluminum
In den
Vor allem in den
Die Stützhülse 13 kann also zunächst in Längserstreckungsrichtung außenseitig auf das zu verbindende und abisolierte Ende des Aluminiumkabels 1 aufgesteckt und verpreßt oderaufgeschrumpft werden, so daß die Drähte 2 des Aluminiumkabels 1 zumindest im Bereich der Stirnseite 12 zusammengedrückt sind, so daß praktisch ein Vollzylinder entsteht Bei der fertigen Verbindung V ist das Anschlußteil 4, welches gemäß den einzelnen Ausführungsbeispielen unterschiedlich gestaltet sein kann, mit der Stirnseite 12undauch der Stützhülse 13 verschweißt. Man erkennt in den
In allen Ausführungsbeispielen erkennt man, daß nach Fertigstellung der Verbindung V die Stützhülse 13 bis über den Übergang zwischen dem abisolierten Bereich des Aluminiumkabels 1 und der Isolierung 3, einen Teil der Isolierung 3 umschließend, reicht. Die Stützhülse 13 dient also nicht nurzum Zusammendrücken der Drähte 2 und zur Bildung des schon erwähnten Vollzylinders, der das Verschweißen an der Stirnseite 12 und dabei also das Verschweißen der einzelnen Drähte 10 oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels 1 mit dem Anschlußteil aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegiering oder Messing und miteinander begünstigt, sondern gleichzeitig als Dichtung über der Isolation 3. Da die Stützhülse 13 mit dem Aluminiumkabel 1 und damit auch mit dem Ende von dessen Isolierung 3 verpreßt oder darauf aufgeschrumpft ist, wird auch das Ende der Isolierung 3 entsprechend fest mit den Drähten 2 des Aluminiumkabels 1 verbunden, so daß eine hohe Wasserdichtigkeit erzielt wird.In all embodiments, it can be seen that after completion of the connection V, the
Dabei erkennt man in allen Ausführungsbeispielen deutlich, daß das eine Ende 13a der Stützhülse 13 in Gebrauchsstellung bündig mit der endseitigen Stirnseite 12 des abisolierten Bereiches des Aluminiumkabels 1 und mit den Drähten 2 ist, so daß also der schon erwähnte Vollzylinder an der Stirnseite 12 des Aluminiumkabels 1 praktisch um die dort vorhandene Dicke der Stützhülse 13 vergrößert ist und eine entsprechend vergrößerte Fläche zum Verbinden mit dem Anschlußteil 4 darstellt.It can be clearly seen in all embodiments that the one
Dabei haben das Aluminiumkabel und die aufgeschrumpfte oder aufgepreßte Stutzhutse 13 einerseits und das Anschlußteil 4 andererseits einen im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Querschnitt von im Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils gleicher Größe, wie man es sowohl in der Ausgangslage der Teile vor ihrer gegenseitigen Verbindung als auch nach Fertigstellung der Verbindung V jeweils erkenntThe aluminum cable and the shrunk or pressed
Da die das Ende des Aluminiumkabels 1 zusammendrückende Stützhülse 13 eine Metallhülse und insbesondere eine Aluminiumhülse, gegebenenfalls aber auch eine Kupfer- oder Messinghülse, ist, nimmt sie an dem Schweißvorgang und an der Ausbildung der Schweißnaht 14 Teil und verbessert damit gleichzeitig die gegenseitige Verbindung der Teile, weil somit nicht nur die ebene, flächige Stirnseite 12 mit dem Anschlußteil 4 verbunden wird, sondern auch das Ende 13a der Stützhülse 13, die andererseits bis über die Isolierung 3 reicht und eventuell auftretende dynamische Zug- oder Querkräfte gut verteilt.Since the
Die Stützhülse 13 hat in ihrem Inneren zwei Abschnitte unterschiedlicher Innenquerschnitte oder Innendurchmesser. Der Abschnitt 13b mit dem größeren Innendurchmesser umgreift dabei das Ende der Isolierung 3 des Aluminiumkabels 1 und der Abschnitt 13c kleineren Innenquerschnittes umgreift den abisolierten Bereich des Aluminiumkabels 1. Die Differenz der Innendurchmesser dieser beiden Abschnitte 13b und 13c der Stützhülse 13 entspricht dabei der doppelten Dicke der Isolierung 3 des Aluminiumkabels 1, das heißt die Differenz der Innenradien der beiden Abschnitte 13b und 13c der Stützhülse 13 entsprechen etwa der Dicke der Isolierung 3, so daß trotz der Stufung zwischen dem isolierten und dem abisolierten Bereich des Aluminiumkabels 1 die Außenseite der Stützhülse 13 im wesentlichen glatt und ohne Absatz oder Durchmesserveränderung verlaufen kann.The
Um die Verbindung V herzustellen, wird also das Aluminiumkabel 1 zunächst an dem Verbindungsende abisoliert, indem entweder die Isolierung 3 auf eine bestimmte Länge entfernt oder von vorneherein weggelassen wird. Auf die abisolierte Stelle wird die Stützhülse 13 aufgesteckt Danach wird die Stützhülse 13 verpreßt oder geschrumpft, wodurch die Drähte 2 oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels 1 zusammengedrückt werden, so daß sich an der Stimseite 12 trotz der Bildung aus diesen einzelnen Drähten 2 praktisch ein Voliquerschnitt ergibt, der zur Verschweißung mit dem Anschlußteil 4 zur Verfügung steht. Danach wird das Aluminiumkabel 1 zusammen mit der Stützhülse 13 mit dem Anschlußteil 4, welches gemäß den einzelnen Ausführungsbeispielen unterschiedlich gestaltet sein kann, stumpf verschweißt. Aufgrund der Schweißhitze und einer gegenseitigen Druckkraft In Längsrichtung der zu verbindenden Teile entsteht dabei die wulstförmige Schweißnaht 14.In order to produce the connection V, therefore, the
Dabei ist In Ausgangsstellung und auch nach Herstellung der Verbindung V die Stützhülse 13 mit einem Ende 13a bündig mit der Stirnseite des Aluminiumkabels 1. Dies erlaubt es, daß das mit der Stützhülse 13 versehene Aluminiumkabel 1 mit dem Anschlußteil 4 durch Reibschweißen verbunden wird.In the initial position and also after the connection V has been produced, the
Das mit dem Aluminiumkabel 1 zu verbindende und stumpf zu verschweißende Anschlußteil 4 wird dabei in nicht näher dargestellter Weise in Drehung versetzt und rotierend mit hoher Drehzahl von beispielsweise 1500 Umdr./Min. gegen die Stirnseite 12 des Aluminiumkabels 1 und das Ende 13a der spätestens jetzt verpreßten Stützhülse 13 gedrückt und durch die dabei entstehende Reibwärme nach dem Abbremsen und Anhalten der Rotation verschmolzen und verschweißt, wobei im Bereich der Verbindung V dann die Metalle der verbundenen Teile auch miteinander legiert werden. Die Drähte 2 oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels 1 werden also vor und während des Schweißvorganges zumindest Im Bereich der stirnseitigen Verbindungsstelle V zusammengedrückt, um den schon erwähnten Vollquerschnitt mit ebener, flächiger Stirnseite 12 zu bilden.The connecting with the
Die Stützhülse 13 wird außenseitig flächig, insbesondere zu einem Mehrkant, zum Beispiel zu einem Sechskant, verpreßt, so daß eine weitgehend gleichmäßige Zusammendrückung der Drähte 2 im Bereich der Verbindung V erfolgt und die Stützhülse 13 später außenseitig gut auch mit Werkzeugen bei der Montage erfaßt werden kann.The
Gemäß
In
Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens ist nicht näher dargestellt und umfaßt zweckmäßigerweise eine offenbare Einspannvorrichtung für das mit der Stützhülse 13 versehene Aluminiumkabel 1 und eine in Flucht damit angeordnete lösbare und drehantreibbare Halterung für das Anschlußteil 4. Die Einspannvorrichtung und die Halterung sind dann relativ zueinander in Längserstreckungsrichtung des Aluminiumkabels 1 und des damit zumindest bei gegenseitiger Berührung fluchtenden Anschlußteiles 4 bewegbar oder verschiebbar, so daß das rotierende gegen das feststehende Teil angedrückt und dadurch die notwendige Reibungshitze für den Reibschweißvorgang erzeugt werden kann. Dabei ist zweckmäßigerweise die rotierende Halterung verschiebbar, dasie das insgesamt kürzere oder kleinere Anschlußteil 4 aufnimmt Nach dem Abbremsen des Drehantriebes erfolgt unter der entstandenen Reibungshitze die gegenseitige Verschmelzung und Verschweißung praktisch über den gesamten Querschnitt, die also nicht nur eine feste, sondern auch eine dichte Verbindung V ergibtA device for carrying out such a method is not shown in detail and expediently comprises an apparent clamping device for the provided with the
Durch das Verpressen mit der Stützhülse 13, die auch über die Isolierung 3 des Aluminiumkabels 1 reicht, werden die Aluminiumdrähte 2 geschützt und geschont und trotz dieser Verpressung nicht so stark verformt, daß sie späteren dynamischen Belastungen nicht mehr standhalten können. Durch' das Verschweißen - auch der einzelnen Drähte 10 oder Litzen des Aluminiumkabels 1 miteinander und mit dem Anschlußteil - werden die unterschiedlichen Metalle im Bereich derVerbindung V, also im Berührbereich, miteinander legiert. Dies ergibt eine hohe Bruch- und Reißfestigkeit bei gleichzeitig sehr guter elektrisch leitender Verbindung. Auch hohe dynamische Belastungen können aufgenommen werden, so daß sich diese Verbindung besonders gut für Batterieleitungen in Kraftfahrzeugen eignet, so daß im Bereich der Batterie, wo Säuredämpfe auftreten können, das gegenüber solchen Dämpfen widerstandsfähige Kupfer oder Messing verwendet werden kann, während die weitere stromführende Leitung aus dem leichteren Aluminium bestehen kann.By pressing with the
Die Verbindung V des elektrischen Aluminiumkabels 1 mit einem Anschlußstück 4 aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung, wird durch Zusammendrücken der das Aluminiumkabel 1 bildenden Drähte 2 im Endbereich und Verschweißen mit dem Anschlußteil 4, insbesondere durch ein Reibschweißverfahren, bewirkt. Dabei wird die Reibwärme zwischen den Materialien genutzt, um beide Materialien zu schmelzen und ohne Zusatzschweißstoff miteinander zu verbinden. Das Aluminiumkebel 1 wird dazu mit einer mit ihm verpreßten Stützhülse 13 versehen, die die einzelnen Drähte 2 an der Verbindungsstelle praktisch zu einer vollen Fläche macht und selbst mit dem Anschlußteil 4 mitverschweißt wird. Somit können Anschlußtelle aus Kupfer dicht und elektrisch gut leitend mit dem Aluminiumkabel 1 verbunden werden, ohne daß im Verbindungsbereich eine Korrosionsgefahr aufgrund unterschiedlich edler oder unedler Metalle besteht.The connection V of the aluminum
Claims (15)
- Connection (V) of an electrical aluminium cable (1) formed from a plurality of aluminium wires (2) or strands and insulated, having a terminal (4) made of copper, a copper alloy and/or brass, for example with a battery terminal (5), a cable lug (6), a connection adapter (7), a plug member, a cable section (9) or the like, for the electrical systems of an automotive vehicle, the insulation (3) of the aluminium cable (1) ending or being removed in front of the point of contact with the terminal, and a support sleeve (13) being provided which encloses at least the region adjacent to the terminal end face (12) of the non-insulated part of the aluminium cable (1) and is compressed with and/or shrink-fitted onto the end of the aluminium cable (1) so that the wires (2) of the aluminium cable (1) are compressed at least in the region of the end face (12), wherein the terminal (4) is welded to the end face (12) of the end of the aluminium cable (1) formed from the individual wires (2).
- Connection according to claim 1, characterised in that the support sleeve (13) extends over the transition between the non-insulated region of the aluminium cable (1) and the insulation (3), enclosing part of the insulation (3).
- Connection according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that one end (13a) of the support sleeve (13) is flush with the terminal end face (12) of the non-insulated region of the aluminium cable (1).
- Connection according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the aluminium cable (1) and the shrink-fitted or pressed-on support sleeve (13) and the terminal (4) have a substantially circular cross-section, more particularly of the same size.
- Connection according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the support sleeve (13) that compresses the end of the aluminium cable (1) is a metal sleeve, particularly an aluminium sleeve.
- Connection according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the support sleeve (13) for compressing or pre-compressing the aluminium cable has in its interior at least two portions of different internal cross-section or internal diameter and the portion (13b) with the larger infernal diameter embraces the end of the insulation (3) of the aluminium cable (1) and the portion (13c) with the smaller internal cross-section embraces the non-insulated region of the aluminium cable (1).
- Connection according to claim 6, characterised in that the difference in the internal diameter of the support sleeve (13) corresponds to approximately twice the thickness of the insulation (3) of the aluminium cable (1).
- Connection according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the end of the aluminium cable (1) provided with the support sleeve (13) is connected to the terminal (4) by friction welding.
- Method of connecting an electrical aluminium cable (1) to a terminal (4) made of copper, a copper alloy and/or brass, according to claim 1, for example a battery terminal (5), cable lug (6), connection adapter (7), plug member (8), cable (9) or the like, for the electrical systems of an automotive vehicle, wherein the end face (12) of the aluminium cable (1) is connected and brought into electrical contact with the end face of the terminal (4) and for this purpose the aluminium cable (1) is stripped of insulation at the connecting end, a support sleeve (13) is pushed, pressed or shrink-fitted onto the non-insulated section and in this way the wires (2) or strands of the aluminium cable (1) are compressed, wherein the individual wires (2) or strands of the aluminium cable (1) together with the support sleeve (13) are butt-welded to the terminal (4).
- Method according to claim 9, characterised in that the support sleeve (13) is arranged with one end (13a) flush with the end face of the aluminium cable (1).
- Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the aluminium cable (1) provided with the support sleeve (13) is connected to the terminal (4) by friction welding.
- Method according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the terminal (4) that is to be connected or butt-welded to the aluminium cable (1) is rotated and
rotatably pressed against the end face (12) of the aluminium cable (1) and is fused or welded by the frictional heat thus produced after the rotation has decelerated. - Method according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterised in that the wires (2) or strands of the aluminium cable (1) are compressed before and/or during the welding process at least in the region of the connecting point (V) at the end face.
- Method according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that the support sleeve (13) is externally compressed on its surface, in particular to form a polygon, for example a hexagon.
- Method according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterised in that a cable section (9) acting as a terminal (4), consisting of wires of copper, copper alloy and/or brass, is compressed on its outside with a support sleeve (13), particularly made of copper, copper alloy or brass or a similar metal, and is butt-welded to the end face (12) of the aluminium cable (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19908031 | 1999-02-24 | ||
DE19908031A DE19908031B4 (en) | 1999-02-24 | 1999-02-24 | Connection of an electrical aluminum cable with a connector made of copper or the like metal |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1032077A2 EP1032077A2 (en) | 2000-08-30 |
EP1032077A3 EP1032077A3 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
EP1032077B1 EP1032077B1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
EP1032077B2 true EP1032077B2 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
Family
ID=7898743
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00102020.5A Expired - Lifetime EP1032077B2 (en) | 1999-02-24 | 2000-02-02 | Connection of an electrical aluminium cable with terminal made of copper, copper alloy and/or brass |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6538203B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1032077B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE454726T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19908031B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2337440T5 (en) |
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EP3537545B1 (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2023-08-23 | Jilin Zhong Ying High Technology Co., Ltd. | Aluminum terminal assembly and copper-aluminum transition connector |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE454726T1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
EP1032077A2 (en) | 2000-08-30 |
EP1032077A3 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
DE50015833D1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
US6538203B1 (en) | 2003-03-25 |
ES2337440T5 (en) | 2016-04-29 |
DE19908031B4 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
ES2337440T3 (en) | 2010-04-26 |
DE19908031A1 (en) | 2000-09-14 |
EP1032077B1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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