Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
  • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
  • C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
  • C04B33/32—Burning methods
  • C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
  • C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware

Definitions

• dish manufacturing is one of the world's oldest industrial branches.
• different kinds of ceramics like china, porcelain etc. were manufactured by using different raw materials and different methods of manufacturing.
• porcelain is intensely used both as consumer goods (ex: house-effects etc.) and in various industrial fields.
• the porcelain which is used as house-effect, is manufactured by using various kinds of raw materials, but since centuries there has been no change in its use. Changes occurred mostly in the shape of the products but their functional features remained the same, like plates where food is put in or cups liquid drinks are filled in.
• the porcelain, which is used as house-effect, is only a means for serving the cooked meal. For example, tea is prepared in teapots, in which water boiled in another cup and poured together with tea and also used for serving.
• the most important reason for using the porcelain for the mentioned purposes is because of health.
• the most important feature is the coating on the porcelain, called glaze. Due to this impermeable material there is no environment in the porcelain dishes that let the bacteria live which threats the health of humans. There is no danger for the health that may be caused by the reaction between the chemicals in the cleaning stuff and the glaze. Because of this reason porcelain remains as the most preferable house-effect.
• Cooking means are manufactured from various materials. The most frequent used materials are metal or metal alloys. Because of they are good heat conductors and their resistance against heat and fire, they are preferred as cooking means. However this sort of materials may have many negative features. For example, cooking means made from metal loose heat very fast and the food that is in it cools earlier than expected. On the other hand, metal reacts with chemicals that may be in the meal or with chemicals that constitute the raw material of the cleaning stuff and may threat the health of humans. Since there are no other alternatives metal cooking means are still being used.
• the aim of presented invention is to create an alternative to the metal cooking means.
• the main characteristic of the invention is that it carries out all the functions of the metal cooking means and eliminates the negations of the metal cooking means.
• the aim was to develop a cooking means made of porcelain that the production cost is below than the metal ones, hygienic, worth of quality, can cook more delicious food, uses less energy while cooking than their alternatives and is the most ideal environment for cooking.
• the feature of the presented invention is that it is resistant against heat changes of high rate.
• Porcelain which is generally used as house-effect is not resistant against heat changes of high rate.
• porcelain is in a form of a cooking dish, is placed directly on fire or on another heating source and get touch with high graded heat, it cracks or fractures.
• Today's technology has no product made completely out of porcelain, which can be used, for cooking.
• the products developed for cooking are covered with asbestos at their bottom, where it get in touch with fire or heat, in this way it becomes resistant against heat changes and high degree heat.
• using asbestos to this purpose cause danger for health, because there are negative effects in its structure. It's well known that asbestos cause pulmonary cancer. It can be taken a lot of precautions; nevertheless, it is clear that using such dangerous stuff for cooking may cause fatal diseases.
• the presented invention has no negation in its body with the consideration of human health like the metal dishes and asbestos covered porcelain.
• Porcelains that need different features according to its purpose of use are gained these features by changing the used raw materials or by using the same raw material in various rational compositions and different kinds of manufacture methods are applied. By using the same manufacture method and changing only the raw material rational composition, a different kind of porcelain can be obtained.
• the basic feature of the presented invention is that when it is in a form of a dish filled with liquid, it shows resistance against sudden and high degree heat changes.
• the contact with heat may not only be with fire but also with other heat sources where it shows the same resistance.
• heat sources working with natural gas there was no result such like crack, fracture or deformation.
• microwaves and cookers heated with electricity there was also no problem with microwaves and cookers heated with electricity.
• the dish which could be put liquid in it was produced according to the described below and presented invention rational composition of raw material mixture, filled with water and frozen in deep freeze, then the dish placed on heat with frozen water in it, waited until it reached to the boiling temperature, but there was no result like crack, deformation or fracture. After the water started boiling, the dish kept on fire and waited the water in it vaporized completely, but there was again no fracture, crack or deformation.
• the field of usage of the presented invention not limited with the followings, due to its features mentioned above, it can be used for any kind of cooking means and for industrial fields needs porcelain with the features of the submitted invention that resistant sudden and high degree heat changes.
• Porcelain carrying the features of the presented invention was manufactured with a mixture prepared according to the rational percentage in the field between the A, B and C points given in the rational composition system of feldspar, kaolin and quartz in Figure 1.
• Raw materials generally used in production of the porcelain, 5-10 percent feldspar, 60- 75 percent kaolin and 20-30 quartz are used for the mud of porcelain Table 1.
• the method used in manufacturing same as the normal household porcelain, the mud prepared with the raw material mixture of the presented invention is given shape on a lathe or by casting. After the shape is given, the semi-manufactured product will be dried in order to remove the water in its body.
• the dried products that became semi-products are put in the porcelain kiln for the primary bake for 22-24 hours at a degree of 950-1050 centigrade. After this process, the semi-product is glazed with the spitting and dipping method.
• the glasslike layer that covers the porcelain body and after the porcelain became cold it bonds to the porcelain by chemically and physically, is called glaze. Glaze covers the whole porous surface of the porcelain body, so that water or any other liquid can not reach the porcelain body.
• the composition of the glaze and the composition of the porcelain have to be concordant. Because of this reason every kind of porcelain has a different method for preparing glaze composition.
• the glaze composition used for the presented invention is given in Table 2.
• the segger formulation interval of the said glaze is given in Table 3.
• the semi-product is put in the kiln again and baked 24 hours at 1340 - 1350 degrees centigrade in order to bake the glaze.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
• Cookers (AREA)
• Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Family Cites Families (3)

• 1999
  • 1999-07-23 CN CN99801203A patent/CN1274340A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-07-23 AU AU49514/99A patent/AU4951499A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-07-23 PL PL99340267A patent/PL340267A1/xx unknown
  • 1999-07-23 EP EP99933464A patent/EP1028925A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-07-23 KR KR1020007003214A patent/KR20010024310A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-07-23 HU HU0003889A patent/HUP0003889A2/hu unknown
  • 1999-07-23 JP JP2000562321A patent/JP2003520174A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-07-23 WO PCT/TR1999/000031 patent/WO2000006513A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2000
  • 2000-04-07 BG BG104306A patent/BG104306A/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (13)

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