EP1028490A1 - Raccord coaxial pour relier deux cartes de circuit imprimé - Google Patents
Raccord coaxial pour relier deux cartes de circuit imprimé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1028490A1 EP1028490A1 EP00400335A EP00400335A EP1028490A1 EP 1028490 A1 EP1028490 A1 EP 1028490A1 EP 00400335 A EP00400335 A EP 00400335A EP 00400335 A EP00400335 A EP 00400335A EP 1028490 A1 EP1028490 A1 EP 1028490A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- printed circuit
- fitting according
- contact
- fact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/50—Fixed connections
- H01R12/51—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures
- H01R12/52—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures connecting to other rigid printed circuits or like structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/70—Coupling devices
- H01R12/7082—Coupling device supported only by cooperation with PCB
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
- H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
- H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
- H01R24/50—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency mounted on a PCB [Printed Circuit Board]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coaxial connection for connecting two cards of printed circuit board.
- coaxial connectors which are devices of the type consisting of two connector elements, which are each soldered on a printed circuit and can mate with each other when the two cards are brought together printed circuit from each other.
- each connector element must be exactly in the axis of the connector element with which it must be coupled, which is only possible if the relative positions of the connector elements together on a card, are strictly identical to the relative positions of the corresponding connector elements on the other card.
- the coupling interface must have exactly the same clearance. axial from one connector to another, which is not easy to obtain even if the connectors are all identical because two connector elements on the same card do not are not necessarily strictly in the same plane, due in particular to their soldering on the board.
- the known coaxial connectors have a relatively high important in the connected state, which sets a lower limit to the distance at which it is possible to bring together the two printed circuit boards thus connected.
- the present invention aims to provide a coaxial connection between two cards of printed circuit which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above and provides by elsewhere other advantages which will appear in the following description.
- the mounting lugs and / or the contact lugs may be subject to card tracks or coming under pressure against them.
- the contact tabs are shaped into elastically deformable tabs extending from the conductor in a direction oblique to the plane of the two printed circuit boards and finished by a support zone substantially parallel to the plane of the two printed circuit boards, support zone by which said contact tabs are applied against the second printed circuit board.
- the electrical contact between the contact tabs and the conductive tracks of the second printed circuit board are established by putting the contact tabs in pressure against the tracks of the second card at the moment when this last is close to the first contact card.
- This embodiment has the advantage of absorbing positioning differences between the two printed circuit boards, especially in the case where the two boards circuit boards are connected by several coaxial connections according to the invention.
- each support zone comes into contact of a conductive track of the second printed circuit board by sliding slightly against this track due to the deformation of the tongue, which leads to self-cleaning contact surfaces and guarantees a good electrical connection between the tabs contact and conductive tracks.
- the two printed circuit boards can be separated from each other without the connection being subjected to any traction, which preserves the mounting tabs for mechanical pull-out stresses.
- These latter mounting lugs can, according to the invention, be subject to the first printed circuit board by soldering or surface welding of the circuit board printed or by soldering or welding in metallized holes of the latter.
- the subjugation can also be achieved by force insertion into metallized holes using press-fit pins.
- the external conductor is made in one piece by cutting and rolling a metal sheet.
- the internal conductor is formed by a curved metal strip at each of its ends, these curved parts constituting the contact tab and the mounting tab of the internal conductor.
- the through passage of the tubular insulation can advantageously be offset to the external conductor to lengthen the contact tabs and mounting the internal conductor without increasing the overall size of the fitting on the menu.
- the strip constituting the internal conductor is rolled in its middle part lying between the contact tab and the mounting tab, so as to constitute a more rigid tubular internal conductor.
- the contact tabs and / or the mounting lugs are curved towards the inside of the cylinder constituting the conductor external, in order to reduce the size of the connector on the card.
- the tubular insulator is made by simple molding and is assembled with the internal and external conductors.
- the insulation may include a lateral slit connecting its through passage to one of its generators and allowing the introduction by radial translation of the internal conductor.
- a slot is particularly useful when the contact tabs and mounting of the internal conductor have already been bent and are no longer in the axis of its middle part.
- the internal conductor When the mounting and contact tabs are in the extension from the middle part of the internal conductor, the internal conductor can be inserted into the through passage of the insulation by axial translation.
- the tubular insulation is produced by overmolding around the internal conductor.
- the tubular insulation comprising or not the internal conductor, is introduced into the external conductor where it is retained by snap-in.
- the tubular insulation is produced by overmolding on the internal conductor and on the external conductor, suitably positioned in relation to each other in the mold, which makes it possible to obtain the connector according to the invention in a single molding operation, without any operation for mounting or assembling between the various constituent parts of the fitting is required.
- the overmolding of the internal and external conductors may be accompanied by the formation of an insulating envelope covering the outer wall of the external conductor.
- the tubular insulation has, on the side of the second external conductor base, a flat surface giving grip to suction nozzles of a "pick and place” type gripping device, which is commonly used in the field of the invention.
- the coaxial connection according to the invention has a structure which allows it give very small dimensions and use it in miniature applications such than telephony.
- the connector according to the invention may have a height overall of the order of 3mm.
- the coaxial connection 1 comprises an external conductor 2 formed by cutting and rolling a metal strip into a cylinder split along one of its generators 3.
- two legs mounting 5 extend perpendicularly to the axis of said cylinder, towards the outside thereof.
- two contact tabs 7 extend in an oblique direction with respect to the axis of the cylinder, also towards the outside thereof.
- Each contact tab 7 ends in a flat support zone 8 in the form portion of ring coaxial with the cylinder, which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder.
- each mounting tab 5 is the projection along the axis of the cylinder of one of the contact tabs 7.
- the connector 1 also includes an internal conductor 9 which is a strip "strip line” type curved at each of its ends to form on the one hand a mounting lug 10 extending perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and on the other hand a contact tab 11 inclined and terminated by a support zone 12 similar to those of contact tabs of the external conductor.
- an internal conductor 9 which is a strip "strip line” type curved at each of its ends to form on the one hand a mounting lug 10 extending perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder and on the other hand a contact tab 11 inclined and terminated by a support zone 12 similar to those of contact tabs of the external conductor.
- the middle part of the internal conductor 9 is embedded in a tubular insulator 13 made around this middle part by overmolding then inserted with the conductor internal 9 inside the external conductor 2.
- the insulation is held axially in the external conductor by snap-fastening, thanks to suitable cutouts (not shown in Figures 1 and 2) made in the wall of the external conductor, as will be described with reference to Figures 3 at 5.
- the mounting tabs 5, 10 are brazed to conductive tracks of a first printed circuit board 14, while the tabs contact 7, 11 are located opposite a second parallel printed circuit board 15 to the first.
- the mounting tabs 5 of the external conductor 2 are offset by relative to the axis of the cylinder in the direction opposite to the mounting tab 10 of the conductor internal, they form, with this mounting tab of the internal conductor, a triangle of lift whose barycenter corresponds substantially to the projection along the axis of the cylinder the center of gravity of the fitting.
- this arrangement of the mounting lugs ensures that each of them rests properly against the first printed circuit board.
- the electrical contacting of the contact tabs 7, 11 with the conductive tracks of the second printed circuit board 15 is effected by bringing the two together cards from each other and overwriting the contact tabs 7, 11.
- the driver external 2 ′ is substantially identical to the external conductor previously described, with the difference that its side slot 3 'is wider, which reduces the measurement in which it must be deformed to allow the axial introduction of the tubular insulation 13 ' surrounding the internal conductor.
- the external conductor 2 has, on each edge of its slot, harpoons 16 cut in the thickness of its wall and directed towards the inside of the cylinder to bear on a shoulder 17 of the tubular insulation cut for this purpose opposite of said harpoons.
- the tubular insulation 13 ' is here produced by simple molding and has a slot lateral 18 which extends from one of its generatrices to beyond its axis.
- the slot 18 opens outwards through a chamfer 19 which allows the introduction in force of the internal conductor 9 with its curved ends forming the tab mounting 10 and contact tab 11.
- the internal conductor 9 has one or more bosses 20 in its part median projecting from its face opposite the mounting and contact tabs.
- the slit in the tubular insulation is wider than the thickness of the strip constituting the internal conductor but smaller than the overall thickness of this internal conductor, including bosses.
- the bosses 20 immobilize the internal conductor in the insulation.
- This internal conductor has a rolled middle portion 22 which gives it a cylindrical shape.
- This cylindrical shape has several advantages.
- the connector 2 has 7 “and 11" contact tabs curved inwards, which makes it possible to limit the bulk overall of the fitting, which is also identical to that of FIGS. 3 to 5.
- the connector could include tabs of assembly shaped like the contact tabs 7 "and 11" of FIGS. 7 and 8. In this case, maintaining the connection between the two cards would be ensured by mechanical means distinct from the legs, since not all of its legs would be connected to the tracks of the cards only by simple pressurization.
Abstract
- un conducteur externe cylindrique (2), muni, à une première (4) de ses deux bases, d'au moins une patte de montage (5) destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice d'une première carte de circuit imprimé et, à sa seconde base (6), d'au moins une patte de contact (7) destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice d'une seconde carte de circuit imprimé,
- un isolant tubulaire (13) logé à l'intérieur dudit conducteur externe et dans lequel est ménagé un passage traversant s'étendant d'une base à l'autre dudit conducteur externe et
- un conducteur interne (9) logé dans le passage traversant de l'isolant tubulaire et comportant, dépassant de l'isolant tubulaire du côté de la première base du conducteur externe, une patte de montage (10) destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice de la première carte de circuit imprimé et, dépassant de l'isolant tubulaire du côté de la seconde base du conducteur externe, une patte de contact (11) destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice de la seconde carte de circuit imprimé.
Description
- un conducteur externe cylindrique, muni, à une première de ses deux bases, d'au moins une patte de montage destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice d'une première carte de circuit imprimé et, à sa seconde base, d'au moins une patte de contact destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice d'une seconde carte de circuit imprimé,
- un isolant tubulaire logé à l'intérieur dudit conducteur externe et dans lequel est ménagé un passage traversant s'étendant d'une base à l'autre dudit conducteur externe et
- un conducteur interne logé dans le passage traversant de l'isolant tubulaire et comportant, dépassant de l'isolant tubulaire du côté de la première base du conducteur externe, une patte de montage destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice de la première carte de circuit imprimé et, dépassant de l'isolant tubulaire du côté de la seconde base du conducteur externe, une patte de contact destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice de la seconde carte de circuit imprimé.
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un raccord selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue en élévation latérale du raccord de la figure 1 utilisé pour relier électriquement deux cartes de circuit imprimé,
- la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 représentant un raccord selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 4 est une vue en élévation latérale selon la flèche IV du raccord de la figure 3,
- la figure 5 est une vue de dessus de la figure 4,
- la figure 6 représente, en perspective, une partie d'un conducteur interne selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'un raccord selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 8 est une vue en élévation du raccord de la figure 7.
Claims (15)
- Raccord coaxial pour relier deux cartes de circuit imprimé (14, 15), caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte :un conducteur externe cylindrique (2, 2'), muni, à une première (4) de ses deux bases, d'au moins une patte de montage (5) destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice d'une première carte de circuit imprimé (14) et, à sa seconde base (6), d'au moins une patte de contact (7) destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice d'une seconde carte de circuit imprimé (15),un isolant tubulaire (13, 13') logé à l'intérieur dudit conducteur externe et dans lequel est ménagé un passage traversant s'étendant d'une base à l'autre dudit conducteur externe etun conducteur interne (9, 9") logé dans le passage traversant de l'isolant tubulaire et comportant, dépassant de l'isolant tubulaire du côté de la première base du conducteur externe, une patte de montage (10) destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice de la première carte de circuit imprimé (14) et, dépassant de l'isolant tubulaire du côté de la seconde base du conducteur externe, une patte de contact (11) destinée à entrer en contact électrique avec une piste conductrice de la seconde carte de circuit imprimé (15).
- Raccord selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ses pattes de montage et/ou ses pattes de contact sont assujetties aux pistes des cartes ou mises en pression contre celles-ci.
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que les pattes de contact (7, 11) sont conformées en languettes élastiquement déformables s'étendant depuis le conducteur (2, 2', 9, 9") dans une direction oblique par rapport au plan des deux cartes de circuit imprimé (14, 15) et terminées par une zone d'appui (8, 12) sensiblement parallèle au plan des deux cartes de circuit imprimé, zone d'appui par laquelle lesdites pattes de contact viennent s'appliquer contre la seconde carte de circuit imprimé (15).
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les pattes de montage (5, 10) sont assujetties à la première carte de circuit imprimé (14) par brasure ou soudage en surface de la carte de circuit imprimé ou par brasure ou soudage dans des trous métallisés de cette dernière ou par insertion en force dans des trous métallisés à l'aide de broches de type "press-fit".
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le conducteur externe (2, 2') est réalisé d'un seul tenant par découpage et roulage d'une feuille métallique.
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que le conducteur interne (9, 9") est formé par une bande métallique recourbée à chacune de ses extrémités, ces parties recourbées constituant la patte de contact (11) et la patte de montage (10) du conducteur interne.
- Raccord selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que le passage traversant de l'isolant tubulaire est désaxé par rapport au conducteur externe pour réaliser l'adaptation en impédance de la ligne coaxiale.
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé par le fait que la bande constituant le conducteur interne (9") est roulée dans sa partie médiane comprise entre la patte de contact (11) et la patte de montage (10) , de manière à constituer un conducteur interne tubulaire.
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'isolant tubulaire (13, 13') est réalisé par simple moulage et s'assemble avec les conducteurs interne et externe.
- Raccord selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'isolant (13') comporte une fente latérale (18) reliant son passage traversant à l'une de ses génératrices et permettant l'introduction du conducteur interne (9) par translation radiale.
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'isolant tubulaire (13) est réalisé par surmoulage autour du conducteur interne (9).
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'isolant tubulaire, comportant ou non le conducteur interne, est introduit dans le conducteur externe où il est retenu par encliquetage.
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'isolant tubulaire est réalisé par surmoulage sur le conducteur interne et sur le conducteur externe, convenablement positionnés l'un par rapport à l'autre dans le moule.
- Raccord selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que le surmoulage des conducteurs interne et externe s'accompagne de la formation d'une enveloppe isolante recouvrant la paroi extérieure du conducteur externe.
- Raccord selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que l'isolant tubulaire (13, 13') présente, du côté de la seconde base (6) de conducteur externe, une surface plane donnant prise à des buses d'aspiration d'un dispositif de préhension de type "pick and place".
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9901635A FR2789811B1 (fr) | 1999-02-11 | 1999-02-11 | Raccord coaxial pour relier deux cartes de circuit imprime |
FR9901635 | 1999-02-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1028490A1 true EP1028490A1 (fr) | 2000-08-16 |
EP1028490B1 EP1028490B1 (fr) | 2002-06-05 |
Family
ID=9541887
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00400335A Expired - Lifetime EP1028490B1 (fr) | 1999-02-11 | 2000-02-08 | Raccord coaxial pour relier deux cartes de circuit imprimé |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6231352B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1028490B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2000243490A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1148838C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE218761T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE1028490T1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2789811B1 (fr) |
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WO2012119826A1 (fr) | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Huber+Suhner Ag | Connecteur coaxial haute fréquence |
EP3989368A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-04-27 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Connecteur enfichable électrique, élément de connecteur et agencement de carte de circuit imprimé |
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CN110011136B (zh) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-25 | 番禺得意精密电子工业有限公司 | 连接器组合 |
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KR102118829B1 (ko) | 2019-07-26 | 2020-06-04 | 주식회사 기가레인 | 기판 메이팅 커넥터 |
CN112913087A (zh) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-06-04 | 上海雷迪埃电子有限公司 | 具有冠状布置的接地触片的一体式rf连接器及包括多个该一体式连接器的联合连接器 |
FR3112246B1 (fr) | 2020-07-03 | 2023-03-31 | Radiall Sa | Contact de masse comprenant un soufflet axisymétrique prolongé par des parois de maintien, Connecteur coaxial RF unitaire intégrant un tel contact de masse, pour une connexion carte-à-carte. |
US20220102892A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | Intel Corporation | Dual-sided socket device with corrugation structures and shield structures |
US11916322B2 (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2024-02-27 | Intel Corporation | Dual-sided socket device with corrugation structures |
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JPH0448802A (ja) * | 1990-06-15 | 1992-02-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | 高周波回路モジュール |
EP0582145A1 (fr) * | 1992-08-05 | 1994-02-09 | The Whitaker Corporation | Connecteur coaxial pour l'interconnexion de deux circuits imprimés |
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US5345366A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-09-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Substrate to substrate standoff assembly |
JPH0982431A (ja) * | 1995-09-19 | 1997-03-28 | Whitaker Corp:The | 電気コネクタ及びその製造方法 |
US5718592A (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 1998-02-17 | The Whitaker Corporation | Surface mountable electrical connector assembley |
US5857867A (en) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-01-12 | The Whitaker Corporation | Hermaphroditic coaxial connector |
US5928000A (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 1999-07-27 | Ericsson Inc. | Axially-compliant coaxial connectors and radiotelephones including the same |
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1999
- 1999-02-11 FR FR9901635A patent/FR2789811B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 US US09/497,973 patent/US6231352B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-08 DE DE1028490T patent/DE1028490T1/de active Pending
- 2000-02-08 DE DE60000187T patent/DE60000187T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-08 EP EP00400335A patent/EP1028490B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-08 AT AT00400335T patent/ATE218761T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-12 CN CNB001008021A patent/CN1148838C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-14 JP JP2000035156A patent/JP2000243490A/ja active Pending
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US4511196A (en) * | 1984-01-20 | 1985-04-16 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Printed circuit board connector with integral ground plane |
JPH0448802A (ja) * | 1990-06-15 | 1992-02-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | 高周波回路モジュール |
EP0582145A1 (fr) * | 1992-08-05 | 1994-02-09 | The Whitaker Corporation | Connecteur coaxial pour l'interconnexion de deux circuits imprimés |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012119826A1 (fr) | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Huber+Suhner Ag | Connecteur coaxial haute fréquence |
US9160121B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2015-10-13 | Huber+Suhner Ag | High frequency coaxial connector |
EP3989368A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-04-27 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Connecteur enfichable électrique, élément de connecteur et agencement de carte de circuit imprimé |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1266295A (zh) | 2000-09-13 |
JP2000243490A (ja) | 2000-09-08 |
FR2789811A1 (fr) | 2000-08-18 |
DE1028490T1 (de) | 2001-03-15 |
US6231352B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 |
ATE218761T1 (de) | 2002-06-15 |
EP1028490B1 (fr) | 2002-06-05 |
DE60000187T2 (de) | 2003-01-30 |
FR2789811B1 (fr) | 2001-05-18 |
CN1148838C (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
DE60000187D1 (de) | 2002-07-11 |
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