EP1015665B1 - Elektrolyseapparat - Google Patents

Elektrolyseapparat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1015665B1
EP1015665B1 EP98948931A EP98948931A EP1015665B1 EP 1015665 B1 EP1015665 B1 EP 1015665B1 EP 98948931 A EP98948931 A EP 98948931A EP 98948931 A EP98948931 A EP 98948931A EP 1015665 B1 EP1015665 B1 EP 1015665B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrolysis
housing
hydrophobic
cell
electrolysis apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98948931A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1015665A1 (de
Inventor
Thomas Borucinski
Jürgen Gegner
Karl-Heinz Dulle
Martin Wollny
Carola Schneider
Horst-Michael Prasser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Krupp Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krupp Uhde GmbH filed Critical Krupp Uhde GmbH
Publication of EP1015665A1 publication Critical patent/EP1015665A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1015665B1 publication Critical patent/EP1015665B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrolysis apparatus for Implementation of electrochemical processes with at least a plate-shaped electrolytic cell, which is a housing having, the housing means for feeding of electrolysis current and electrolysis input materials and devices for discharging the electrolysis current and which has electrolysis products and an anode and cathode, the anode and the cathode being separated by a partition separated from each other and with the respectively assigned Rear wall of the housing electrically connected is.
  • Such an electrolysis apparatus with several side by side arranged in a stack and in electrical contact standing plate-shaped electrolytic cells with each its own housing is, for example, from EP 0 189 535 B1 known to the applicant.
  • This electrolysis machine is used to produce chlorine from aqueous alkali halide solution.
  • electrolysis apparatus but generally for performing electrochemical Suitable reactions in which gases are evolved, for example in chlor-alkali electrolysis, water electrolysis or hydrochloric acid electrolysis or at galvanic processes, in which layers on carrier materials to be deposited, in which often gas formation also takes place, for example cathodic hydrogen evolution as a side reaction or in response to the counter electrode.
  • electrolysers in a hanging stack construction, but also electrolysis equipment in Filter press type used.
  • Foaming can also vary impact.
  • the condition increases Current density decreasing amount of electrolyte in the concerned Cell volume an uneven concentration distribution, whereby the current density distribution due to the increasing Electrolyte resistance in areas with high Foam is inhomogeneous. It has one immediately result in higher cell voltage.
  • Second is the maximum Current density due to the high gas content in the cell just as limited as the lifespan of active cell components, such as diaphragms, membranes or electrolytic catalysts to reduce overvoltages.
  • foam can become one insufficient wetting of the diaphragm, leading to for example in chlor-alkali electrolysis or alkaline water electrolysis the product gases in the cell mix and explosive mixtures can arise.
  • membrane electrolysis processes the membrane is in Foam zones insufficiently wetted, which is less Lifespan and usually a lower power yield means.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a solution create one with the simplest possible means Foaming is prevented.
  • This task is the beginning of an electrolysis apparatus according to the invention, that at least in the housing of the respective electrolytic cell in a housing half delimited by the partition wall hydrophobic Internals are provided.
  • the invention is surprisingly simple provided a solution with which the aforementioned harmful foaming can be prevented.
  • the hydrophobic internals have the effect that the gas contents in the electrochemical reactors drastically reduce which leads to that in the reactor Electrolyte volume is increased. This will increase the lifespan the active parts of the reactors, such as electrodes, Diaphragms or membranes increased because the current density distribution, compared to reactors without such coalescence-promoting Built-in, becomes more homogeneous. Another positive The effect is that the hydrophobic internals Reactor volume can become smaller. Because they are high Foam levels in electrochemical cells without hydrophobic Built-in components, then a critical volume must not be undercut otherwise the current density distribution even more inhomogeneous and the lifespan of active cell components gets too small. This critical volume is at Electrolysis with coalescence-promoting hydrophobic internals smaller. This can due to the decreasing use of materials the investment costs for the electrolytic cell itself lowered and the space requirement of the electrochemical Reactors are minimized.
  • the hydrophobic internals in the area of origin the primary bubbles are arranged.
  • the internals are basically integrated into the electrolytic cell, whereby this both between the electrode and the membrane or the diaphragm behind the electrode or in the back of the Electrode can be arranged.
  • the only essential thing is that the developed gas with the hydrophobic internals comes into contact immediately after its formation, whereby the optimal state is reached when the concentration the hydrophobic internals at the point of origin the primary bubbles are particularly high.
  • the foam content in the anode compartment of a chlor-alkali electrolysis cell can be reduced by around 55% from 70 to 75% to below 20% at a current density of 7 kA / m 2 .
  • the hydrophobic internals are preferably in the form of Screen fabrics, wire mesh, nets or packing educated. Here are the requirements for the material the hydrophobic internals chemical, mechanical and thermal resistance in relation to that in the electrolytic cell occurring temperatures, pressures and entering or formed media.
  • the open Sieve surface of the mesh, wire mesh or nets in Range is 30 to 80%.
  • Hydrophobic internals of this type can also be used in the Electrolysis cell downstream gas / electrolyte separation devices be introduced. Because the essential Separation can already take place in the cell itself the apparatus dimensions become smaller, which also means the investment costs and the space requirements become smaller.
  • flow influencing internals are provided.
  • These internals can for example be designed as flow plates, one of which can be arranged, for example, in the upper region to improve the use of the partition while in the lower Area a flow plate can be arranged an internal circulation due to the density difference and thus mixing the electrolyte Has. This improves the concentration for distribution in the respective chamber.
  • a generally designated 1 electrolysis apparatus for Performing electrochemical processes has several, arranged side by side in a stack and in electrical Contacting plate-shaped electrolytic cells 2 on, of which two such electrolysis cells 2 are shown arranged side by side.
  • Any of these Electrolysis cells 2 have a housing made of two half-shells 3, 4, which are provided with flange-like edges are, between each of which by means of seals 5 Partition (membrane or diaphragm) 6 is clamped.
  • the partition 6 can optionally also be clamped onto others Way.
  • the housing half 3 forms together with the partition 6 and the cathode 9 a cathode chamber, the housing half 4 with the partition 6 and the anode 8 an anode chamber.
  • a suitable one is to supply the electrolysis products Device provided for the respective electrolysis cell 2, such a device is not in the drawings shown. There is also one in each electrolysis cell Device for discharging the electrolysis products provided, however, this is also not indicated.
  • the electrodes (anode 8 and cathode 9) are designed such that they are the electrolysis input product or the Flow through raw materials or let them flow freely, for which purpose slots or the like can be provided.
  • the series of several plate-shaped electrolysis cells 2 happens in a framework, the so-called Cell frame.
  • the plate-shaped electrolytic cells are between the two upper longitudinal beams of the cell frame suspended so that their plate plane perpendicular to Longitudinal axis stands. So that the plate-shaped electrolysis cells 2 their weight on the upper flange of the Can transmit side members, they have on the top Plate edge a cantilever-like on each side or comparable holder.
  • the holder extends horizontally in the direction of the Plate level and protrudes beyond the edge of the flanges. With the plate-shaped ones suspended in the scaffold Electrolysis cells lie the lower edge of the cantilever-like Holder on the upper flange.
  • the plate-shaped electrolysis cells 2 hang comparatively like folders in a hanging file in the cell structure.
  • the plate surfaces of the electrolysis cells are in the cell frame in mechanical and electrical contact, as if they were stacked. Electrolysers of this type are called electrolysers in a hanging stack design.
  • the electrolytic cells hung in the cell frame according to the filter press principle and by means of corresponding clamping devices against each other pressed.
  • hydrophobic internals are arranged in Housing of the respective electrolysis cell 2 .
  • These hydrophobic internals can for example in the form of screen fabrics, wire mesh, Nets or fillers can be formed, as in shown individually from Figures 2 to 4.
  • This hydrophobic Internals are indicated in Figures 2 to 4 and generally designated there by reference number 12.
  • hydrophobic internals 12 are preferably in the Anode chamber arranged. You can have different geometric Have designs, these are in detail shown in Figures 2 to 4.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
EP98948931A 1997-09-16 1998-09-09 Elektrolyseapparat Expired - Lifetime EP1015665B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19740673A DE19740673C2 (de) 1997-09-16 1997-09-16 Elektrolyseapparat
DE19740673 1997-09-16
PCT/EP1998/005698 WO1999014402A1 (de) 1997-09-16 1998-09-09 Elektrolyseapparat

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1015665A1 EP1015665A1 (de) 2000-07-05
EP1015665B1 true EP1015665B1 (de) 2002-02-13

Family

ID=7842501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98948931A Expired - Lifetime EP1015665B1 (de) 1997-09-16 1998-09-09 Elektrolyseapparat

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1015665B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP4346235B2 (https=)
AR (1) AR010945A1 (https=)
AU (1) AU9537798A (https=)
DE (2) DE19740673C2 (https=)
JO (1) JO2044B1 (https=)
MA (1) MA24648A1 (https=)
TN (1) TNSN98172A1 (https=)
WO (1) WO1999014402A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10249508A1 (de) 2002-10-23 2004-05-06 Uhde Gmbh Elektrolysezelle mit Innenrinne
PL2753202T3 (pl) 2011-09-06 2016-11-30 Podgrzewanie materiału przeznaczonego do palenia
GB201217067D0 (en) 2012-09-25 2012-11-07 British American Tobacco Co Heating smokable material
GB201311620D0 (en) 2013-06-28 2013-08-14 British American Tobacco Co Devices Comprising a Heat Source Material and Activation Chambers for the Same
GB201500582D0 (en) 2015-01-14 2015-02-25 British American Tobacco Co Apparatus for heating or cooling a material contained therein
US20170055575A1 (en) 2015-08-31 2017-03-02 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Material for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US20170055584A1 (en) 2015-08-31 2017-03-02 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11924930B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2024-03-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US20170119046A1 (en) 2015-10-30 2017-05-04 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Apparatus for Heating Smokable Material
US20170119047A1 (en) 2015-10-30 2017-05-04 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Article for Use with Apparatus for Heating Smokable Material

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2455639A1 (fr) * 1979-05-04 1980-11-28 Creusot Loire Procede et dispositif de traitement du melange gaz-liquide issu d'un electrolyseur
FR2486414B1 (fr) * 1980-07-09 1985-09-27 Gaz De France Procede et dispositif pour la coalescence d'une phase finement dispersee d'un melange fluide
DE3501261A1 (de) * 1985-01-16 1986-07-17 Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund Elektrolyseapparat
US4950371A (en) * 1989-03-24 1990-08-21 United Technologies Corporation Electrochemical hydrogen separator system for zero gravity water electrolysis
DE4224492C1 (de) * 1992-07-24 1993-12-09 Uhde Gmbh Vorrichtung zum elektrolytischen Behandeln von Flüssigkeiten mit einer Anoden- und einer Kathodenkammer sowie deren Verwendung
JP3555197B2 (ja) * 1994-09-30 2004-08-18 旭硝子株式会社 複極型イオン交換膜電解槽

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19740673A1 (de) 1999-03-18
EP1015665A1 (de) 2000-07-05
JO2044B1 (en) 1999-05-15
DE59803086D1 (de) 2002-03-21
MA24648A1 (fr) 1999-04-01
WO1999014402A1 (de) 1999-03-25
AR010945A1 (es) 2000-07-12
TNSN98172A1 (fr) 2000-12-29
JP2001516811A (ja) 2001-10-02
AU9537798A (en) 1999-04-05
DE19740673C2 (de) 2001-10-31
JP4346235B2 (ja) 2009-10-21

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