EP1005441A2 - Matiere de recouvrement de surface - Google Patents

Matiere de recouvrement de surface

Info

Publication number
EP1005441A2
EP1005441A2 EP98936374A EP98936374A EP1005441A2 EP 1005441 A2 EP1005441 A2 EP 1005441A2 EP 98936374 A EP98936374 A EP 98936374A EP 98936374 A EP98936374 A EP 98936374A EP 1005441 A2 EP1005441 A2 EP 1005441A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
constituent
cementitious
water
covering material
rock
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP98936374A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth Alfred Joubert
Hendrik Johannes Van Vuuren
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evermine Ltd
Original Assignee
Evermine Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evermine Ltd filed Critical Evermine Ltd
Publication of EP1005441A2 publication Critical patent/EP1005441A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/16—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing anhydrite, e.g. Keene's cement
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C04B28/065—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/0012—Thixotropic mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
    • C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
    • C04B2111/00163—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite by the dry process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to surface covering materials .
  • a surface covering material comprising a mixture of a cementitious constituent, comprising a highly water absorbent cement blend, with a the second constituent which incorporates a water based polymer emulsion.
  • This material can be applied on to for example rock and coal surfaces (for convenience both rock and coal will further in this specification be referred to as "rock") in tunnels, stopes and pillars as well as around base plates of rock bolts to inhibit the breaking away of the rock covered thereby.
  • CONFIRMATION COPV following proportions, viz 100 gm OPC to about 38 gm water.
  • a "highly water absorbent cement blend" will absorb at least its own mass of water.
  • the cementitious constituent preferably will absorb at least three times its mass of water and in a preferred embodiment will absorb five times its mass of water.
  • the cementitious constituent is highly water absorbent, it can better absorb the liquid component of the second constituent. Furthermore for this reason the cementitious constituent can overcome the problem which would otherwise be encountered namely that the polymer coats a large proportion of the granules of the solid constituent thereby preventing the formation of an adequate amount of ettringite.
  • the second constituent may be a liquid constituent.
  • the second constituent may be a dry material .
  • the surface covering material is preferably applied by being sprayed on to the rock surface.
  • the constituents are preferably mixed prior to being sprayed on to the rock surface.
  • the mixture will normally have a limited pot life and therefore wi] 1 have to be sprayed within a certain period, normally about twenty to thirty minutes after mixing.
  • the second constituent is a dried material
  • the two constituents are conveniently mixed or blended together and the water added to the mixture in the appropriate amount.
  • the mixture of the dry materials and water may be sprayed on to the surface by a process similar to the "Gunite" process.
  • the cementitious and second constituents are preferably mixed in the ratio of 1:3. (All ratios and percentages referred to in this specification are on the basis of mass .mass.)
  • the cementitious constituent preferably comprises high-alumina cement, OPC and anhydrite gypsum
  • the OPC may comprise between 40% and 52% and preferably about 47% of the cementitious constituent.
  • the high alumina cement may comprise between 18% and 28% and preferably about 23% of the cementitious constituent.
  • the anhydrite gypsum may comprise between 27% and 31% and preferably about 29% of the cementitious constituent .
  • the sodium fluoride is preferably a light 95% technical grade sodium fluoride.
  • the soda ash should be finely ground soda ash.
  • the soda ash and the sodium fluoride may each comprise between 0,25% and 0,35% and preferably about 0,3% of the cementitious constituent.
  • the lithium carbonate and Natrasol (or Cellosize) may eacli comprise between 0,0 ⁇ and 0,15% and preferably about 0,1% of the cementitious constituent .
  • the second constituent further comprises a fire retardant.
  • a preferred fire retardant comprises antimony trioxide and chlorinated paraffin, the latter preferably being that sold under the trade name "Cere- clorTM 70". This fire retardant preferably constitutes about 10% to 20% of the second constituent.
  • the chlorinated paraffin conveniently constitutes between 8% and 12%, preferably between 10% and 11% and most preferably about 10,7% of the second constituent, while the antimony trioxide conveniently constitutes between 3% and 7%, preferably between 5% and 5,5% and most preferably about 5,4% of the second constituent.
  • the emulsion is preferably an acrylic emulsion binder, conveniently a vinyl acetate ethylene co olymer and preferably that which is commercially available under the trade name "AirflexTM 300".
  • This material forms a binder for the applied surface covering layer giving improved flexibility, elasticity and tensile strength to the cured surface covering layer. In addition it provides improved adhesion to the rock surface.
  • the vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer conveniently constitutes between 60% and 75%, preferably between 65% and 70% and most preferably about 67,6% of the second constituent
  • a plasticizer is preferably included to improve the flexibility and resilience of the material once it has cured.
  • the plasticizer will assist in providing resilience and flexibility over small radii such as are encountered at rock edges during rockmass deformations under slow and rapid loading conditions.
  • a preferred plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate.
  • the plasticizer may constitute between 5% and 10%, preferably between 7% and 8% and most preferably about 7,8% of the second constituent.
  • a bactericide for preventing growth of bacteria and enzymes may be provided. This is conveniently in the form of the material commercially obtainable under the trade name "MetatinTM G.T.”. Only a small amount of the bactericide need be added and this may be less than 1%, conveniently between 0,1% and 0,2% and preferably about 0,13% of the second constituent.
  • An anti- foaming agent is also preferably added to prevent foaming and consequent trapping of air in the product and resultant reduction in the strength of the set product.
  • Two preferred anti- foaming agents are BEVALOID ® 513 and NEPCO ® ADW . Only a small amount of such agent need be provided and this may be less than 0,5% and conveniently between 0,1% and 0,3% of the second constituent. The amount of anti-foaming agent can be adjusted and in particular supplement.ed on inspection during the mixture of the product.
  • the covering material is preferably provided with a thickener which preferably forms thixotropic vi ⁇ conity build and helps to prevent sag. Preferably this is provided in the second constituent.
  • a preferred thickener is ATTAGEL ® 50. It is preferably added as a 15% aqueous suspension. This suspension solution may comprise between 2% and 4% and preferably about ..,7' ⁇ of the second constituent.
  • the second constituent may further comprise a rela- tively small amount of water constituting conveniently between 2% and 10%, more conveniently between 4,5% and 6% and preferably about 5,4% of the mass of the second constituent.
  • the second constituent may be a dry material fo ⁇ ned preferably by drying the emulsion as well as an-/ oiher liquid containing materials and then blending this drie product with any further solid materials.
  • her ⁇ is provided the second constituent of the surface covering material set out above .
  • the cementitious constituent of the surface covering material set out above set out above.
  • a method of reinforcing a rock surface in a mine comprising applying a layer of the above material to the said surface and permitting it t o _;e .
  • a surface covering material comprises a first cem- entitious constituent and a second liquid constituent.
  • a 1000 kg mix of the solid constituent comprises : -
  • Lithium carbonate (99% pure) 1,0 0,1
  • the liquid constituent comprises : -
  • the components of the second constituent are mixed together in a high speed mixer until the flame retardants are dispersed, i.e. for between ten to twenty minutes at ambient temperature.
  • the cementitious and liquid constituents are now mixed together at ambient temperature in a hopper of a special sprayer in a ratio of three parts liquid constituent to one part cementitious constituent.
  • the mixture is stirred continually until it is used.
  • the mixture will set within about thirty minutes and therefore should be used within about twenty minutes of mixing.
  • the mixture is sprayed on to the rock surface to provide a layer of not less than 2 , 0 mm thick.
  • the spraying rate of the mixture is between two and three hundred litres per hour.
  • the cement constituent absorbs the water in the second constituent so that the surface layer will dry to a dry film even in conditions of 100% humidity so that it, the surface layer, will cure sufficiently to be self-supporting within fifteen minutes and to be able to give initial support for the rock within two to three hours.
  • the layer When fully cured, which will normally take about twenty eight days, the layer will have a uni-axial tensile strength of not less than 1,5 mega-pascals.
  • the layer is also adequately flexible having an elongation of between fifty and sixty per cent.
  • the flexible layer will assist in dissipating energy release, will assist in controlling the rock deformation and will keep the key blocks in place thereby assisting in reducing rock falls and further will assist in holding the rock coherently even when there is a high rate of energy release.
  • this strength is limited and under extremely high forces the layer will fail.
  • the cured layer will have adequate adhesion to most rock substrates found in the mines .
  • the spraying machinery and the hopper can be cleaned with water and the waste water can run away and join other water in the mines. It is not necessary to provide toxic liquid for the cleaning of the parts.
  • the constituents for producing the surface covering layer and the mechanical equipment for this purpose are relatively inexpensive.
  • the constituents are formed as in Example I.
  • a spray nozzle fitted with a mixing device on its inlet is used.
  • the mixing device comprises a static spiral mixer comprising spiral segments arranged so that each consecutive segment rotates the mix passing through tube in a direction opposite to that of the previous segment.
  • the constituents are fed separately to the nozzle and the mixing device blends the two constituent prior to entering the spray nozzle which now applies the blend to the surface of the rock to be coated.
  • the cementitious constituent is as described in
  • Example I A blend of liquid polymers and plasticizers are dried in an air drier to remove the water. This forms a dry powder. The dry powder is then blended with the remaining solids of the second constituent. The cementitious and second constituents are then blended with one another. The hydrating water is now added to the mixture in the mine at the site where it is required to coat the rock. The product is stirred and then applied as mentioned in Example I.
  • the dry mixture of the first and second constituents is prepared as described in Example III.
  • the dry mixture and water are applied under pressure to the rock surface by means of a "Gunite" nozzle.
  • This nozzle is fitted inside with a perforated manifold through which water is introduced under pressure to be mixed with the solid material that is pneumatically conveyed to the nozzle.
  • the mixture is applied to the rock surface.
  • rock covering materials applied in accordance with Examples II, III and IV have the same advantages as those as described in Example I .
  • the invention is not limited to the precise details set forth in the examples.
  • the constituents of the material may vary or be altered.
  • hydrophil- lic fibres or glass fibres of between say 0,5 and 12 mm may be added to the material to increase the tensile strength of the cured layer especially in the post failure stage.
  • Alternative flame retardants, bacteri- cides and anti-foaming agents may be used.
  • Further additional water may be added to lower the viscosity of the second constituent.
  • a foaming agent may be added to the second constituent (and the anti-foaming agent removed) so that a foamed layer of the material may be sprayed on to the cured or partially cured layer.
  • This foamed layer may be about thirty five to seventy five and preferably fifty millimetres thick. The foamed layer will provide thermal insulation for the rock walls and will inhibit heat from the rock entering into the working spaces of the mine.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une matière de recouvrement de surface pouvant être appliquée par exemple sur des surfaces rocheuses et charbonneuses (par souci de commodité, le terme 'roche' renverra à la fois à la roche et au charbon dans cette description) de tunnels, chantiers et étais, ainsi qu'autour de plaques d'appui de boulons d'ancrage et permettant d'empêcher la fragmentation de la roche recouverte par cette matière. La matière comprend un mélange de constituant à base de ciment contenant un mélange de ciment à fort pouvoir d'absorption d'eau avec un deuxième constituant contenant une émulsion polymère à base d'eau. Le mélange de ciment à fort pouvoir d'absorption d'eau peut absorber au moins sa propre masse d'eau et parfois, cinq fois sa propre masse d'eau. La matière de recouvrement sèche rapidement dans les mines où règne une forte humidité et où il y a peu de ventilation.
EP98936374A 1997-06-20 1998-06-18 Matiere de recouvrement de surface Pending EP1005441A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA975460 1997-06-20
ZA9705460 1997-06-20
PCT/EP1998/003737 WO1998058886A2 (fr) 1997-06-20 1998-06-18 Matiere de recouvrement de surface

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1005441A2 true EP1005441A2 (fr) 2000-06-07

Family

ID=25586449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98936374A Pending EP1005441A2 (fr) 1997-06-20 1998-06-18 Matiere de recouvrement de surface

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1005441A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1261392A (fr)
AP (1) AP2000001737A0 (fr)
AU (1) AU8539998A (fr)
BR (1) BR9810446A (fr)
CA (1) CA2241167A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA001141B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL337830A1 (fr)
TR (1) TR199903130T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998058886A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA985350B (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001028956A1 (fr) 1999-10-19 2001-04-26 Fosroc International Limited Compositions a base de ciment et procede d'utilisation
DE60006853T2 (de) 1999-10-19 2004-08-19 Minova International Ltd., Witney Zementzusammensetzungen und verfahren zu deren verwendung
WO2001063096A2 (fr) 2000-02-22 2001-08-30 Fosroc International Limited Traitement de surfaces rocheuses
US6641658B1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2003-11-04 United States Gypsum Company Rapid setting cementitious composition
GB0401603D0 (en) * 2004-01-26 2004-02-25 Constr Res & Tech Gmbh Lime and polymer containing settable mixture
WO2006012680A1 (fr) * 2004-08-02 2006-02-09 P.W. Saddington And Sons Pty Ltd Mortier résistant aux termites et procédé pour rendre une structure résistante aux termites
CA2713269C (fr) 2008-01-31 2015-04-07 Italcementi S.P.A. Melange solide et revetement a base d'un clinker sulfo-alumineux ou sulfo-ferroalumineux et conduits a base de ciment ainsi revetus
CZ302987B6 (cs) * 2009-06-11 2012-02-08 Výzkumný ústav anorganické chemie, a. s. Antibakteriální anorganické pokrytí na bázi geopolymeru a zpusob jeho výroby
MX354706B (es) * 2011-03-08 2018-03-16 Valspar Sourcing Inc Composiciones y sistemas de revestimiento a base de agua con mayor resistencia al escurrimiento y metodos relacionados.
WO2014070231A1 (fr) * 2012-11-01 2014-05-08 Brien Joshua V Matériau cimentaire destiné à des applications par temps froid
WO2021003519A1 (fr) * 2019-07-09 2021-01-14 Canasia Australia Pty Ltd Compositions et procédés d'imperméabilisation
CN112341075B (zh) * 2020-09-18 2022-12-09 郑州大学 一种污染土壤表层阻隔材料及其制备方法
WO2024209058A1 (fr) 2023-04-06 2024-10-10 Construction Research & Technology Gmbh Kit et procédé d'application d'un revêtement d'imperméabilisation

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB825457A (en) * 1956-03-01 1959-12-16 St Helens Cable & Rubber Compa Improvements in corrosion resistant coatings
DE2702984A1 (de) * 1977-01-26 1978-07-27 Friedrich M Ferencak Verfahren zur herstellung eines universalverputzes oder -anstriches
GB2123808B (en) * 1982-06-24 1986-04-23 Foseco Int Cement compositions
GB8708429D0 (en) * 1987-04-08 1987-05-13 Fosroc International Ltd Cementitious composition
ZA934427B (en) * 1992-06-23 1995-03-22 H L & H Timber Prod A grout composition.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9858886A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL337830A1 (en) 2000-09-11
EA200000056A1 (ru) 2000-08-28
CA2241167A1 (fr) 1998-12-20
ZA985350B (en) 1999-12-20
AP2000001737A0 (en) 2000-03-31
CN1261392A (zh) 2000-07-26
BR9810446A (pt) 2001-06-19
TR199903130T2 (xx) 2000-04-21
AU8539998A (en) 1999-01-04
EA001141B1 (ru) 2000-10-30
WO1998058886A2 (fr) 1998-12-30
WO1998058886A3 (fr) 1999-03-25

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