EP1004844A1 - Reactive armour device for a vehicle or structure - Google Patents

Reactive armour device for a vehicle or structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1004844A1
EP1004844A1 EP99402750A EP99402750A EP1004844A1 EP 1004844 A1 EP1004844 A1 EP 1004844A1 EP 99402750 A EP99402750 A EP 99402750A EP 99402750 A EP99402750 A EP 99402750A EP 1004844 A1 EP1004844 A1 EP 1004844A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
panel
protection device
charges
active protection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99402750A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1004844B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Kerdraon
Jean Paul Toussirot
Michel Vives
Gérald Lefebre
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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Publication of EP1004844A1 publication Critical patent/EP1004844A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/007Reactive armour; Dynamic armour

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of active protection devices for a wall, in particular a wall of a vehicle.
  • This device includes an explosive sheet arranged between two metal plates.
  • Such shielding is insufficiently effective against projectiles arrows or against the nuclei generated by nucleus generating charges (CGN).
  • the duration of interaction between the projected plate and the arrow is too short so that it sees its piercing capacity sufficiently reduced.
  • CGN nuclei generated by explosives
  • the protection modules are too heavy at first because they use large masses of explosives and multiple armor plates.
  • the reactive shields known by FR2436361 are more particularly intended to provide protection against charges formed. However, they are now ineffective. against so-called “tandem” charges (described for example by FR2577037). Indeed these charges include a rear main load associated with a small front load whose function is to initiate reactive armor before the arrival of the rear load or even to pierce a hole in the reactive armor without initiating it which will allow a passage of the jet of the main charge without disturbances.
  • the protection device according to the invention is lighter and more compact than known devices, which authorizes its installation on weak vehicles armored and on turrets.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a protection device active of a wall, in particular of a wall of a vehicle, comprising at least one shaped charge having a direction of action substantially parallel to or inclined relative to on the vehicle wall as well as detection means ensuring the initiation of the charge formed in response to the arrival of a projectile, a device characterized in that it has at least four shaped charges arranged in at minus a case, each charge formed being placed on the side of a quadrilateral.
  • the housing can contain four dihedral shaped charges forming a quadrilateral and having converging directions of action.
  • the directions of action of the charges formed may be inclined relative to the wall of the vehicle and oriented towards the outside of the vehicle.
  • the detection means may include at least one panel comprising at least two closed electrical contacts by the impact of a projectile.
  • the detection means may also include four independent contact panels, each panel commanding the initiation of a dihedral charge different.
  • the detection means may include at least one panel incorporating at least one conductive cable broken by the impact of a projectile.
  • the detection means may understand at least two cables broken by the impact of a projectile, each cable being arranged so as to go alternately from a first edge of the panel to a second edge parallel to the first by making a coverage of the panel by a network of lines substantially parallel to each other, the lines of the network consisting of a first cable being perpendicular to those of the network constituted by a second cable so as to form a grid area of the panel surface.
  • the detection means can then also include a control system that measures the resistance of the detection cables, so as to locate the point of impact of the projectile on the panel, and which controls the initiation of the dihedral load closest to the point of impact.
  • delay means may be provided to ensure after the initiation of a instructs the initiation of other charges in sequence.
  • the active protection device is characterized in that the housing contains at least four charges formed cylindrical, each load being placed on the side of a quadrilateral and the directions of action of the charges being inclined with respect to the wall of the vehicle.
  • the invention ensures protection against projectiles with shaped charge, in particular projectiles with charges formed in “tandem”.
  • the device according to the invention may include at least two boxes and the detection means may include at least one electromagnetic or optical central sensor, sensor connected to a calculation means which determines the direction approach the projectile and its speed and which controls the initiation of at least one charge from one of the boxes.
  • a device for active protection comprises at least one box 1 parallelepiped which is fixed to a wall 2 of the vehicle by lugs link 3 removable.
  • the case will preferably be made light alloy or a composite material which may also provide a splinter-proof function.
  • the housing 1 includes an internal housing closed by a cover 1a, fixed to the body of the case by means of fixing not shown (such as screws). It contains four dihedral shaped charges 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d which are arranged along the inner edges of the case and cover each substantially the entire length of an edge of the housing, the dihedral charges thus forming a quadrilateral.
  • the directions of action 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d of the different loads are converging towards the interior of the quadrilateral that they define.
  • Each formed filler 4 comprises a coating 5 applied on an explosive block 6 (for example in octolite).
  • the explosive is initiated by a priming relay 7 (for example in hexocire) itself initiated by a primer integrated into a security and arming 8.
  • charge 4a comprises an explosive 6a, initiated by a cord 7a, itself connected to a safety device and 8a.
  • a security and arming device (or DSA) 8 is shown schematically in Figure 7. It includes a shutdown of pyrotechnic chain 9 which can slide by the action of motor means 10 and which is held in the safety position by a latch 11 of which the erasure is controlled by a clock system 12 of the type known (electronic or mechanical). DSA 8 contains also an electrical initiation primer 13 which is connected to an electronic firing control system 14 including an energy source such as a battery (the source energy may also be external to the DSA). This last is shown schematically in the figures in the form a box 14 secured to a lower face of the case 1.
  • the primer 13 is intended to initiate the ignition cord 7, one end of which therefore enters the DSA.
  • the watch system will advantageously be controlled by the electronic system 14 which may include a button push-button 31 for manually arming the various DSA after the installation of the box on the vehicle.
  • the electronic system 14 may include a button push-button 31 for manually arming the various DSA after the installation of the box on the vehicle.
  • We may also provide a means 32 for receiving orders from remote control (by radio for example) which will allow switch the various components at will and from a distance DSAs from a safe position to an armed position or Conversely.
  • the electronic control system 14 receives a signal firing trigger which is provided by means of detection 16.
  • the detection means 16 comprise four independent detector panels 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d.
  • the detector panels are arranged inside the box 1 and are therefore protected from external constraints by the cover of the housing.
  • these panels may be submerged in the material of the lid.
  • the cover will have a thickness chosen so that the panels cannot be triggered by a shock nuisance or by the impact of a small caliber projectile.
  • FIG 4 shows schematically a particular embodiment a detection panel 17.
  • This panel comprises a first sheet 18 for example of aluminum and a second sheet 19 also made of aluminum.
  • the two sheets are electrically isolated from each other by a sheet of plastic material 20 (for example polyethylene).
  • Each sheet is connected by a conductor 21,22 to the system control electronics 14. The latter is thus connected to the conductive sheets of the 4 panels 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d.
  • the conductive sheets and the insulating sheet are located torn. This results in establishing contact between the electrical contacts formed by the sheets 18 and 19.
  • the electronic control system 14 detects this contact and locates the panel in question.
  • the other two charges 4 will then be initiated and sequence after a predetermined delay depending on the threat and in the range of 10 to 100 microseconds.
  • the delay will preferably be an electronic delay integrated into the control system 14. It can be pre-programmed or programmed during the installation of the device or programmed as a result of detection of a particular threat.
  • each DSA 8 incorporates a control system room 14 which includes a source of electrical energy and possibly electronic security and the means 32 of reception of the arming remote control command.
  • each panel 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d will be connected to a single DSA 8a, 8b, 8 or 8d respectively.
  • the detection of a projectile impact on a panel will cause the initiation of the dihedral load associated with the panel.
  • Primer 13 also causes the initiation of a cord pyrotechnic delay 15 (for example a pentrite cord or a pyrotechnic composition with delay of the type of that described by patent FR2650586 and associating tungsten / barium chromate and potassium perchlorate) which connects the various DSAs and ensures from the initiation of a single primer 13, the initiations in sequences of the four dihedral loads.
  • the strings will defined to ensure delays between each charge initiation on the order of 10 to 100 microseconds.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a detection means 16.
  • This means comprises a single panel 21 which incorporates two continuous two-wire conductor cables 22 and 23 glued to panel 21.
  • the cable 22 goes alternately from a first edge 24 of the panel 21 to a second edge 25 parallel to the first thus achieving panel coverage by a network of lines 26 substantially parallel to each other.
  • the cable 23 goes alternately from an edge 27 of the panel 21 up to an edge 28 parallel to the first, thus achieving coverage of the panel by a network of lines 29 substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to lines 26 of the first network.
  • a grid of the panel surface is thus constituted by the two cables 22 and 23.
  • the ends of the two cables 22 and 23 are connected to the electronic control system 14 which comprises means allowing a measurement of resistance or conductivity electrical cables.
  • System 14 provides resistance measurement electrical cables 22 and 23. At the time of rupture this resistance is modified (reduced), the projectile ensuring a fleeting short circuit of the two cables at the level from the point of impact.
  • the system 14 will deduce therefrom the dihedral load 4 which is finds the closest to the point of impact. This one will initiated first, the other three charges will then be triggered in sequence by electronic delay or of a pyrotechnic delay as described previously.
  • the cover 1a is dimensioned so as to be able to withstand the impacts of small caliber projectiles (the cover will for example a light alloy or composite thickness of the order of 5 at 10mm).
  • the detection system of the protection will only be activated by the impact of a projectile high energy kinetics such as an arrow or a nucleus of charge formed.
  • the impact of such a kinetic projectile is detected by a detection device panels.
  • the impact will be located in a of the four quadrants of the housing (4-panel detector of the figure 4) or in the vicinity of one of the dihedral loads (detector according to figure 5).
  • the dihedral load closest to the point of impact or well the one that is arbitrarily associated with one of the panels detection is then initiated. It generates with a delay very low compared to impact detection (from the order of ten microseconds) a dihedral jet which intercepts the kinetic projectile.
  • the other three dihedral shaped charges are initiated sequentially with delays of the order of 10 to 100 microseconds.
  • the different jets impact the kinetic projectile and cause it to be cut into sections and destabilized. This which greatly reduces its perforating efficiency with respect to the wall of the vehicle.
  • a single dihedral charge is sufficient to destabilize a formed charge core. Tests have thus could demonstrate that a hollow charge 35 mm in diameter (100 g explosive) could cut a charge nucleus formed of 80 mm long and animated with a speed of 2400 m / s.
  • the protection device according to the invention is thus very effective against kinetic projectiles while not using only a reduced mass of explosive (of the order 400 g for a case of dimensions: 200mm x 200mm). he is light and can therefore be placed on the roof of a vehicle to protect it from attack ammunition in overview.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment of such protection system, variant in which the four dihedral charges 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d have their directions of action 30a, 30b, 30c and 30d inclined relative to the wall 2 of the vehicle and oriented towards the outside of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 3a A second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
  • This mode is more particularly intended to protect a vehicle against warheads military charge formed and especially tandem charge heads. It differs from previous in that the dihedral charges are replaced by small cylindrical shaped charges 33 (about 40 mm) arranged near the internal walls of the box 1.
  • the charges formed 33 are arranged in four rows 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d, each row being associated with one of the internal walls 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d of the housing 1.
  • Loads 33 of a single row are all parallels between them and the directions of action of different charges formed (axes of charges formed) are inclined relative to the wall 2 of the vehicle.
  • Tracks of attack plans for rows of charges 34a and 34c are represented by lines 36a and 36c on the figure 3b (and are confused with the directions of action loads 33 visible in Figure 3b).
  • the different planes of attack intersect outside of case 1 and at a distance of the cover 1a from the latter of the order of 1 load rating formed.
  • row 34a has four charges while the facing row 34c has none than three.
  • row 34d has four charges while row 34b has three.
  • the different charges are initiated by strings delay 15, themselves initiated by a primer arranged in a security and arming 8.
  • An electronic control system 14 ensures the initiation of the different charges in response to an order of firing provided by detection means 16 arranged at distance from the housing.
  • the electronic control system 14 will be provided with a means 32 for receiving remote control orders which will ensure also receipt of the firing order issued by the detection means 16.
  • These are shaped so that they can detect approaching a charge projectile formed such as a missile or a rocket (projectile speed of the order of 200 to 800m / s).
  • They may include one or more radar detectors and / or one or more optical detectors, they will include also calculation means making it possible to determine the velocity of the projectile and deduce from it the instant of initiation optimal for shaped loads.
  • the detection means 16 control the initiation of the device at the optimal time protection.
  • the initiation time is determined using of calculation algorithms according to the measured speed for the projectile and the distance from the wall at which this one is found.
  • the initiation of the charges formed is triggered at a time such that the detected projectile located at a distance from the housing of between 0.5 m and 2 m.
  • the electronic control system will initiate the different rows of loads formed in sequence. All loads formed from a single row will be initiated simultaneously, the other rows being initiated successively with initiation delays of around 20 at 50 microseconds.
  • Such a protective device is only effective if the projectile has a trajectory bringing it into the area efficiency of the housing.
  • FIGS 6a and 6b thus show an armored vehicle 37 which has several protective boxes 1.
  • lateral optical barriers 42 in the form of sensor strips (infrared or diodes laser). These bars will detect the approach of projectiles attacking the vehicle laterally (direction of detection 44). Sensors detecting the approach of the projectile will ensure a location of the attack direction of this one. A central computer that coordinates the different detection means will deduce therefrom the active box or boxes which must be initiated.
  • the protective device according to the invention may well obviously be adapted to the wall of a fixed structure, such a building, a hangar, a mobile unit (such as a communications relay).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

The panel comprises charge (4) placed around the periphery of the panel assembly. The inner section of the panel comprises conductive panels (17) that, upon impact of a projectile initiate an electrical arming and firing sequence of the explosive charges.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des dispositifs de protection active d'une paroi, notamment d'une paroi d'un véhicule.The technical field of the invention is that of active protection devices for a wall, in particular a wall of a vehicle.

On connaít, notamment par le brevet FR2436361 un dispositif de protection (dit réactif) qui est destiné à être fixé sur la paroi externe d'un véhicule blindé.We know, in particular from patent FR2436361 a protective device (called reactive) which is intended to be attached to the outer wall of an armored vehicle.

Ce dispositif comprend une feuille d'explosif disposée entre deux plaques métalliques.This device includes an explosive sheet arranged between two metal plates.

Lors de l'impact d'un jet de charge creuse sur la plaque métallique externe, l'explosif se trouve initié. La détonation de celui-ci provoque une projection de la plaque métallique vers le jet, ce qui a pour effet de consommer celui ci, diminuant ainsi son efficacité perforante.During the impact of a shaped charge jet on the plate external metal, the explosive is initiated. The detonation of it causes a projection of the plate metallic towards the jet, which has the effect of consuming this one, thus reducing its perforating efficiency.

Un tel blindage est insuffisamment efficace contre les projectiles flèches ou contre les noyaux engendrés par les charges génératrices de noyau (CGN).Such shielding is insufficiently effective against projectiles arrows or against the nuclei generated by nucleus generating charges (CGN).

En effet, pour ce qui concerne les flèches, la durée d'interaction entre la plaque projetée et la flèche est trop courte pour que celle-ci voit sa capacité perforante suffisamment réduite.Indeed, with regard to the arrows, the duration of interaction between the projected plate and the arrow is too short so that it sees its piercing capacity sufficiently reduced.

Concernant les noyaux engendrés par explosifs (CGN), ces derniers traversent le plus souvent le blindage réactif sans initier l'explosif.Concerning the nuclei generated by explosives (CGN), these most often pass through reactive armor without initiate the explosive.

Des solutions ont été recherchées pour pallier de tels inconvénients.Solutions have been sought to overcome such disadvantages.

Ainsi les brevets FR2730805 et FR2679022 proposent de coupler le blindage réactif à un dispositif de détection de l'approche du projectile. La plaque projetée va au devant du projectile bien avant que celui ci n'ait impacté le blindage. La perturbation occasionnée à la flèche est alors bien supérieure.Thus the patents FR2730805 and FR2679022 propose coupling the reactive shielding to a detection device approaching the projectile. The projected plate goes to the front of the projectile long before it hit the armor. The disturbance caused to the arrow is then good superior.

Cependant de tels blindages présentent encore des inconvénients. However, such shields still exhibit disadvantages.

Les modules de protection sont tout d'abord trop lourds car ils mettent en oeuvre des masses importantes d'explosif et des plaques de blindages multiples.The protection modules are too heavy at first because they use large masses of explosives and multiple armor plates.

Il n'est donc pas possible d'assurer avec de tels dispositifs la protection de véhicules légers ou bien la protection des tourelles de chars contre les attaques par le toit.It is therefore not possible to insure with such protection of light vehicles or protection of tank turrets against attack by the roof.

Ces dispositifs ne sont pas non plus utilisables pour assurer une protection contre les charges génératrices de noyau.These devices are also not usable for provide protection against charges generating core.

En effet la détection de l'approche du noyau est délicate à assurer en raison de ses faibles dimensions (longueur inférieure ou égale à 120mm, diamètre inférieur ou égal à 40mm).Indeed the detection of the approach of the nucleus is delicate due to its small dimensions (length less than or equal to 120mm, diameter less than or equal to 40mm).

Les blindages réactifs connus par FR2436361 sont plus particulièrement destinés à assurer une protection contre les charges formées. Cependant ils sont aujourd'hui inefficaces contre les charges dites « tandem » (décrites par exemple par le brevet FR2577037). En effet ces charges comportent une charge principale arrière associée à une petite charge avant dont la fonction est d'initier le blindage réactif avant l'arrivée de la charge arrière ou bien encore de percer un trou dans le blindage réactif sans l'initier ce qui permettra un passage du jet de la charge principale sans perturbations.The reactive shields known by FR2436361 are more particularly intended to provide protection against charges formed. However, they are now ineffective. against so-called “tandem” charges (described for example by FR2577037). Indeed these charges include a rear main load associated with a small front load whose function is to initiate reactive armor before the arrival of the rear load or even to pierce a hole in the reactive armor without initiating it which will allow a passage of the jet of the main charge without disturbances.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer un dispositif de protection active ne présentant pas de tels inconvénients.It is the object of the invention to propose a device active protection without such drawbacks.

Ainsi le dispositif de protection selon l'invention est plus léger et compact que les dispositifs connus, ce qui autorise sa mise en place sur des véhicules faiblement blindés et sur les tourelles.Thus the protection device according to the invention is lighter and more compact than known devices, which authorizes its installation on weak vehicles armored and on turrets.

L'invention a donc pour objet un dispositif de protection active d'une paroi, notamment d'une paroi d'un véhicule, comprennant au moins une charge formée ayant une direction d'action sensiblement parallèle ou bien inclinée par rapport à la paroi du véhicule ainsi que des moyens de détection assurant le déclenchement de la charge formée en réponse à l'arrivée d'un projectile, dispositif caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins quatre charges formées disposées dans au moins un boítier, chaque charge formée étant disposée sur le côté d'un quadrilatère.The subject of the invention is therefore a protection device active of a wall, in particular of a wall of a vehicle, comprising at least one shaped charge having a direction of action substantially parallel to or inclined relative to on the vehicle wall as well as detection means ensuring the initiation of the charge formed in response to the arrival of a projectile, a device characterized in that it has at least four shaped charges arranged in at minus a case, each charge formed being placed on the side of a quadrilateral.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le boítier pourra renfermer quatre charges formées dièdriques formant un quadrilatère et ayant des directions d'action convergentes.According to a first embodiment, the housing can contain four dihedral shaped charges forming a quadrilateral and having converging directions of action.

Un des avantages de ce premier mode de réalisation de l'invention mettant en oeuvre des charges diédriques est qu'il assure une meilleure protection que les dispositifs connus contre les projectiles flèches et même contre les noyaux engendrés par charge formée.One of the advantages of this first embodiment of the invention using dihedral charges is that it provides better protection than the devices known against arrow projectiles and even against nuclei generated by charge formed.

Les directions d'action des charges formées pourront être inclinées par rapport à la paroi du véhicule et orientées vers l'extérieur du véhicule.The directions of action of the charges formed may be inclined relative to the wall of the vehicle and oriented towards the outside of the vehicle.

Les moyens de détection pourront comprendre au moins un panneau comprenant au moins deux contacts électriques fermés par l'impact d'un projectile.The detection means may include at least one panel comprising at least two closed electrical contacts by the impact of a projectile.

Les moyens de détection pourront également comprendre quatre panneaux de contact indépendants, chaque panneau commandant le déclenchement d'une charge diédrique différente.The detection means may also include four independent contact panels, each panel commanding the initiation of a dihedral charge different.

Les moyens de détection pourront comprendre au moins un panneau incorporant au moins un câble conducteur rompu par l'impact d'un projectile.The detection means may include at least one panel incorporating at least one conductive cable broken by the impact of a projectile.

Avantageusement, les moyens de détection pourront comprendre au moins deux câbles rompus par l'impact d'un projectile, chaque câble étant disposé de façon à aller alternativement d'un premier bord du panneau jusqu'à un deuxième bord parallèle au premier en réalisant une couverture du panneau par un réseau de lignes sensiblement parallèles entre elles, les lignes du réseau constitué par un premier câble étant perpendiculaires à celles du réseau constitué par un deuxième câble de façon à former un quadrillage de la surface du panneau. Advantageously, the detection means may understand at least two cables broken by the impact of a projectile, each cable being arranged so as to go alternately from a first edge of the panel to a second edge parallel to the first by making a coverage of the panel by a network of lines substantially parallel to each other, the lines of the network consisting of a first cable being perpendicular to those of the network constituted by a second cable so as to form a grid area of the panel surface.

Les moyens de détection pourront alors également comprendre un système de commande qui assure une mesure de la résistance des câbles de détection, de façon à localiser le point d'impact du projectile sur le panneau, et qui commande le déclenchement de la charge diédrique la plus proche du point d'impact.The detection means can then also include a control system that measures the resistance of the detection cables, so as to locate the point of impact of the projectile on the panel, and which controls the initiation of the dihedral load closest to the point of impact.

Selon une variante de réalisation, des moyens retards pourront être prévus pour assurer après l'initiation d'une charge l'initiation des autres charges en séquence.According to an alternative embodiment, delay means may be provided to ensure after the initiation of a instructs the initiation of other charges in sequence.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de protection active est caractérisé en ce que le boítier renferme au moins quatre charges formées cylindriques, chaque charge étant disposée sur le côté d'un quadrilatère et les directions d'action des charges étant inclinées par rapport à la paroi du véhicule.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the active protection device is characterized in that the housing contains at least four charges formed cylindrical, each load being placed on the side of a quadrilateral and the directions of action of the charges being inclined with respect to the wall of the vehicle.

Selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation, l'invention assure une protection contre les projectiles à charge formée, notamment les projectiles à charges formées en « tandem ».According to this second embodiment, the invention ensures protection against projectiles with shaped charge, in particular projectiles with charges formed in “tandem”.

Le dispositif selon l'invention pourra comporter au moins deux boítiers et les moyens de détection pourront comprendre au moins un capteur central électromagnétique ou optique, capteur relié à un moyen de calcul qui détermine la direction d'approche du projectile et sa vitesse et qui commande l'initiation d'au moins une charge d'un des boítiers.The device according to the invention may include at least two boxes and the detection means may include at least one electromagnetic or optical central sensor, sensor connected to a calculation means which determines the direction approach the projectile and its speed and which controls the initiation of at least one charge from one of the boxes.

D'autres avantages de l'invention apparaítront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1a représente en vue frontale un boítier d'un dispositif de protection selon l'invention,
  • la figure 1b est une vue de ce même boítier en coupe suivant le plan dont la trace AA apparaít sur la figure 1a,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'une variante de réalisation de ce même boítier,
  • la figure 3a est une vue frontale d'un boítier selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3b est une vue de ce même boítier en coupe suivant le plan dont la trace BB apparaít sur la figure 3a,
  • la figure 4 représente en détails un premier mode de réalisation d'un moyen de détection,
  • la figure 5 représente un second mode de réalisation d'un moyen de détection,
  • les figures 6a et 6b représentent suivant deux directions d'observation orthogonales un véhicule équipé d'un dispositif de protection selon l'invention et utilisant un moyen de détection suivant un troisième mode de réalisation,
  • La figure 7 représente schématiquement un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement d'une des charges formées.
  • La figure 8 représente schématiquement une variante de réalisation d'un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement d'une des charges formées.
Other advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows of particular embodiments, description made with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1a represents a front view of a housing of a protection device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 1b is a view of this same box in section along the plane, the trace AA of which appears in FIG. 1a,
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of this same housing,
  • FIG. 3a is a front view of a housing according to another embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 3b is a view of this same box in section along the plane, the trace BB of which appears in FIG. 3a,
  • FIG. 4 shows in detail a first embodiment of a detection means,
  • FIG. 5 represents a second embodiment of a detection means,
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b represent in two orthogonal directions of observation a vehicle equipped with a protection device according to the invention and using a detection means according to a third embodiment,
  • FIG. 7 schematically represents a security and arming device for one of the charges formed.
  • FIG. 8 schematically represents an alternative embodiment of a security and arming device for one of the charges formed.

En se reportant aux figures 1a et 1b, un dispositif de protection active selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention comprend au moins un boítier 1 parallélépipèdique qui est fixé sur une paroi 2 du véhicule par des pattes de liaison 3 démontables. Le boítier sera de préférence réalisé en alliage léger ou en un matériau composite qui pourra également assurer une fonction pare éclats.Referring to Figures 1a and 1b, a device for active protection according to a first embodiment of the invention comprises at least one box 1 parallelepiped which is fixed to a wall 2 of the vehicle by lugs link 3 removable. The case will preferably be made light alloy or a composite material which may also provide a splinter-proof function.

Le boítier 1 comprend un logement interne fermé par un couvercle 1a, fixé au corps du boítier par des moyens de fixation non représentés (tel que des vis). Il renferme quatre charges formées dièdriques 4a,4b,4c et 4d qui sont disposées le long des bords internes du boítier et couvrent chacune sensiblement toute la longueur d'un bord du boítier, les charges diédriques formant ainsi un quadrilatère.The housing 1 includes an internal housing closed by a cover 1a, fixed to the body of the case by means of fixing not shown (such as screws). It contains four dihedral shaped charges 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d which are arranged along the inner edges of the case and cover each substantially the entire length of an edge of the housing, the dihedral charges thus forming a quadrilateral.

Les directions d'action 30a,30b,30c,30d des différentes charges sont convergentes vers l'intérieur du quadrilatère qu'elles délimitent.The directions of action 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d of the different loads are converging towards the interior of the quadrilateral that they define.

Chaque charge formée 4 comprend un revêtement 5 appliqué sur un bloc explosif 6 (par exemple en octolite). L'explosif est initié par un relais d'amorçage 7 (par exemple en hexocire) lui même initié par une amorce intégrée à un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 8.Each formed filler 4 comprises a coating 5 applied on an explosive block 6 (for example in octolite). The explosive is initiated by a priming relay 7 (for example in hexocire) itself initiated by a primer integrated into a security and arming 8.

Sur les figures, on a donné les indices a,b,c et d aux différents éléments constitutifs de chaque charge diédrique. Ainsi la charge 4a comprend un explosif 6a, initié par un cordeau 7a, lui même relié à un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 8a.In the figures, the indices a, b, c and d have been given to different components of each dihedral charge. Thus charge 4a comprises an explosive 6a, initiated by a cord 7a, itself connected to a safety device and 8a.

Un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement (ou DSA) 8 est représenté schématiquement à la figure 7. Il comprend un volet d'interruption de chaíne pyrotechnique 9 qui peut coulisser par l'action de moyens moteurs 10 et qui est maintenu en position de sécurité par un verrou 11 dont l'effacement est commandé par un système horloger 12 de type connu (électronique ou mécanique) . Le DSA 8 renferme également une amorce 13 à initiation électrique qui est reliée à un système électronique de commande de mise à feu 14 incluant une source d'énergie telle une pile (la source d'énergie pourra également être externe au DSA). Ce dernier est représenté schématiquement sur les figures sous la forme d'une boíte 14 solidaire d'une face inférieure du boítier 1.A security and arming device (or DSA) 8 is shown schematically in Figure 7. It includes a shutdown of pyrotechnic chain 9 which can slide by the action of motor means 10 and which is held in the safety position by a latch 11 of which the erasure is controlled by a clock system 12 of the type known (electronic or mechanical). DSA 8 contains also an electrical initiation primer 13 which is connected to an electronic firing control system 14 including an energy source such as a battery (the source energy may also be external to the DSA). This last is shown schematically in the figures in the form a box 14 secured to a lower face of the case 1.

L'amorce 13 est destinée à initier le cordeau d'allumage 7 dont une extrémité pénètre donc dans le DSA.The primer 13 is intended to initiate the ignition cord 7, one end of which therefore enters the DSA.

Le système horloger sera avantageusement commandé par le système électronique 14 qui pourra comprendre un bouton poussoir 31 permettant d'armer manuellement les différents DSA après la mise en place du boítier sur le véhicule. On pourra également prévoir un moyen 32 de réception d'ordres de télécommande (par voie radio par exemple) qui permettra de faire passer à volonté et à distance les différents volets des DSA d'une position de sécurité à une position armée ou inversement.The watch system will advantageously be controlled by the electronic system 14 which may include a button push-button 31 for manually arming the various DSA after the installation of the box on the vehicle. We may also provide a means 32 for receiving orders from remote control (by radio for example) which will allow switch the various components at will and from a distance DSAs from a safe position to an armed position or Conversely.

Le système électronique de commande 14 reçoit un signal de déclenchement de tir qui est fourni par des moyens de détection 16. The electronic control system 14 receives a signal firing trigger which is provided by means of detection 16.

Suivant le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1a et 1b, les moyens de détection 16 comprennent quatre panneaux détecteurs indépendants 17a, 17b, 17c et 17d.According to the embodiment shown in the figures 1a and 1b, the detection means 16 comprise four independent detector panels 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d.

Les panneaux détecteurs sont disposés à l'intérieur du boítier 1 et sont donc protégés des contraintes extérieures par le couvercle la du boítier. Avantageusement ces panneaux pourront être noyés par surmoulage dans le matériau du couvercle.The detector panels are arranged inside the box 1 and are therefore protected from external constraints by the cover of the housing. Advantageously these panels may be submerged in the material of the lid.

Le couvercle la aura une épaisseur choisie de telle sorte que les panneaux ne puissent être déclenchés par un choc intempestif ou par l'impact d'un projectile de petit calibre.The cover will have a thickness chosen so that the panels cannot be triggered by a shock nuisance or by the impact of a small caliber projectile.

L'impact d'un projectile cinétique (noyau ou flèche) sur un des panneaux permet de déterminer dans quelle partie du boítier le projectile pénètre et donc de connaítre les deux charges linéaires les plus proches de l'impact.The impact of a kinetic projectile (nucleus or arrow) on one of the panels makes it possible to determine in which part of the case the projectile penetrates and therefore to know the two linear loads closest to impact.

Ainsi un impact sur le panneau 17a permettra au système électronique de déduire que les charges les plus proches du point d'impact sont les charges 4a et 4d. Un impact sur le panneau 17c permettra de déduire que les charges diédriques les plus proches sont les charges 4b et 4c.Thus an impact on the panel 17a will allow the system deduct that the charges closest to the impact point are loads 4a and 4d. An impact on the panel 17c will allow to deduce that the dihedral loads the closest are charges 4b and 4c.

La figure 4 schématise un mode de réalisation particulier d'un panneau de détection 17. Ce panneau comprend une première feuille 18 par exemple en aluminium et une deuxième feuille 19 également en aluminium. Les deux feuilles sont isolées électriquement l'une de l'autre par une feuille en matière plastique 20 (par exemple en polyéthylène). Chaque feuille est reliée par un conducteur 21,22 au système électronique de commande 14. Ce dernier est ainsi relié aux feuilles conductrices des 4 panneaux 17a,17b,17c et 17d.Figure 4 shows schematically a particular embodiment a detection panel 17. This panel comprises a first sheet 18 for example of aluminum and a second sheet 19 also made of aluminum. The two sheets are electrically isolated from each other by a sheet of plastic material 20 (for example polyethylene). Each sheet is connected by a conductor 21,22 to the system control electronics 14. The latter is thus connected to the conductive sheets of the 4 panels 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d.

Lors de l'impact d'un projectile sur un panneau, les feuilles conductrices et la feuille isolante se trouvent déchirées. Il en résulte l'établissement d'un contact électrique entre les contacts électriques constitués par les feuilles 18 et 19. Le système électronique de commande 14 détecte ce contact et localise le panneau considéré. When a projectile hits a panel, the conductive sheets and the insulating sheet are located torn. This results in establishing contact between the electrical contacts formed by the sheets 18 and 19. The electronic control system 14 detects this contact and locates the panel in question.

Il détermine les charges 4 les plus proches de ce panneau et commande tout d'abord l'initiation de celles ci au travers des amorces 13 disposées dans les DSA 8 associés.It determines the loads 4 closest to this panel and first of all commands the initiation of these through primers 13 arranged in the associated DSA 8.

Les deux autres charges 4 seront initiées ensuite et en séquence à l'issue d'un retard prédéterminé en fonction de la menace et de l'ordre de 10 à 100 microsecondes.The other two charges 4 will then be initiated and sequence after a predetermined delay depending on the threat and in the range of 10 to 100 microseconds.

Le retard sera de préférence un retard électronique intégré au système de commande 14. Il pourra être pré-programmé ou bien programmé lors de la mise en place du dispositif ou encore programmé comme suite à la détection d'une menace particulière.The delay will preferably be an electronic delay integrated into the control system 14. It can be pre-programmed or programmed during the installation of the device or programmed as a result of detection of a particular threat.

A titre de variante on pourra, dans ce mode de réalisation comprenant 4 panneaux 17, remplacer le système électronique central 14 par quatre systèmes de commande indépendants et simplifiés qui seront intégrés chacun à un DSA 8.As a variant, it is possible, in this mode of realization including 4 panels 17, replace the system central electronic 14 by four control systems independent and simplified which will each be integrated into a DSA 8.

La figure 8 montre une telle variante de réalisation. Dans ce cas, chaque DSA 8 intègre un système de commande local 14 qui comprend une source d'énergie électrique et éventuellement une sécurité électronique et les moyens 32 de réception de l'ordre de télécommande d'armement.Figure 8 shows such an alternative embodiment. In this case, each DSA 8 incorporates a control system room 14 which includes a source of electrical energy and possibly electronic security and the means 32 of reception of the arming remote control command.

Dans ce cas chaque panneau 17a, 17b, 17c et 17d sera relié à un seul DSA 8a, 8b, 8 ou 8d respectivement. La détection d'un impact de projectile sur un panneau provoquera l'initiation de la charge diédrique associée au panneau.In this case each panel 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d will be connected to a single DSA 8a, 8b, 8 or 8d respectively. The detection of a projectile impact on a panel will cause the initiation of the dihedral load associated with the panel.

L'amorce 13 provoque également l'initiation d'un cordeau retard pyrotechnique 15 (par exemple un cordeau de pentrite ou d'une composition pyrotechnique à retard du type de celle décrite par le brevet FR2650586 et associant tungstène/chromate de Baryum et perchlorate de potassium) qui relie les différents DSA et qui assure à partir de l'initiation d'une seule amorce 13, les initiations en séquences des quatre charges dièdriques. Les cordeaux seront définis de façon à assurer des retards entre chaque initiation de charge de l'ordre de 10 à 100 microsecondes. Primer 13 also causes the initiation of a cord pyrotechnic delay 15 (for example a pentrite cord or a pyrotechnic composition with delay of the type of that described by patent FR2650586 and associating tungsten / barium chromate and potassium perchlorate) which connects the various DSAs and ensures from the initiation of a single primer 13, the initiations in sequences of the four dihedral loads. The strings will defined to ensure delays between each charge initiation on the order of 10 to 100 microseconds.

La figure 5 montre un second mode de réalisation d'un moyen de détection 16. Ce moyen comprend un seul panneau 21 qui incorpore deux câbles conducteurs bifilaires continus 22 et 23 collés au panneau 21.Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of a detection means 16. This means comprises a single panel 21 which incorporates two continuous two-wire conductor cables 22 and 23 glued to panel 21.

Le câble 22 va alternativement d'un premier bord 24 du panneau 21 jusqu'à un deuxième bord 25 parallèle au premier en réalisant ainsi une couverture du panneau par un réseau de lignes 26 sensiblement parallèles entre elles.The cable 22 goes alternately from a first edge 24 of the panel 21 to a second edge 25 parallel to the first thus achieving panel coverage by a network of lines 26 substantially parallel to each other.

Le câble 23 va alternativement d'un bord 27 du panneau 21 jusqu'à un bord 28 parallèle au premier en réalisant ainsi une couverture du panneau par un réseau de lignes 29 sensiblement parallèles entre elles et perpendiculaires aux lignes 26 du premier réseau.The cable 23 goes alternately from an edge 27 of the panel 21 up to an edge 28 parallel to the first, thus achieving coverage of the panel by a network of lines 29 substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to lines 26 of the first network.

Un quadrillage de la surface du panneau est ainsi constitué par les deux câbles 22 et 23.A grid of the panel surface is thus constituted by the two cables 22 and 23.

Les extrémités des deux câbles 22 et 23 sont reliées au système électronique de commande 14 qui comporte des moyens permettant une mesure de la résistance ou de la conductivité électrique des câbles.The ends of the two cables 22 and 23 are connected to the electronic control system 14 which comprises means allowing a measurement of resistance or conductivity electrical cables.

L'impact d'un projectile sur le panneau 21 va provoquer une rupture des câbles 22 et 23.The impact of a projectile on panel 21 will cause a break in cables 22 and 23.

Le système 14 assure une mesure de la résistance électrique des câbles 22 et 23. Au moment de la rupture cette résistance se trouve modifiée (réduite), le projectile assurant un court circuit fugitif des deux câbles au niveau du point d'impact.System 14 provides resistance measurement electrical cables 22 and 23. At the time of rupture this resistance is modified (reduced), the projectile ensuring a fleeting short circuit of the two cables at the level from the point of impact.

La résistance d'un câble conducteur étant proportionnelle à sa longueur, une programmation appropriée du système 14 permettra à partir de la mesure de la résistance lors de l'impact du projectile d'en déduire les longueurs des portions de câbles situées entre le système de commande 14 et le point d'impact, donc les coordonnées du point d'impact du projectile sur le panneau 21.The resistance of a conducting cable being proportional to its length, appropriate programming of the system 14 will allow from the measurement of the resistance during the impact of the projectile to deduce the lengths of the portions of cables located between the control system 14 and the point of impact, so the coordinates of the point of impact of the projectile on panel 21.

Le système 14 en déduira la charge diédrique 4 qui se trouve la plus proche du point d'impact. Celle ci sera initiée la première, les trois autres charges seront ensuite déclenchées en séquence au moyen d'un retard électronique ou d'un retard pyrotechnique comme cela a été décrit précédemment.The system 14 will deduce therefrom the dihedral load 4 which is finds the closest to the point of impact. This one will initiated first, the other three charges will then be triggered in sequence by electronic delay or of a pyrotechnic delay as described previously.

A titre de variante il est possible de réaliser quatre panneaux de détection, chacun incorporant au moins un câble rompu par l'impact du projectile. La détection d'un impact sur un des panneaux provoquera alors l'initiation de la ou des charges formées voisines dudit panneau.Alternatively it is possible to make four detection panels, each incorporating at least one cable broken by the impact of the projectile. Detecting an impact on one of the panels will then cause the initiation of the or charges formed close to said panel.

Les systèmes de détection décrits en référence aux figures 4 et 5 sont bien connus de l'homme du métier dans le domaine de la métrologie des tirs de projectiles. Ils ne seront donc pas décrits plus en détails.The detection systems described with reference to Figures 4 and 5 are well known to those skilled in the art in the field of metrology of projectile fire. They don't will therefore not be described in more detail.

Le fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif de protection active est le suivant.The operation of such a protection device active is as follows.

Comme il a été précisé précédemment, le couvercle la est dimensionné de façon à pouvoir résister aux impacts de projectiles de petit calibre (le couvercle aura par exemple une épaisseur d'alliage léger ou de composite de l'ordre de 5 à 10mm). Ainsi le système de détection du dispositif de protection ne sera activé que par l'impact d'un projectile cinétique d'énergie importante tel qu'une flèche ou un noyau de charge formée. On pourra pour accroítre la sécurité du dispositif maintenir le dispositif à l'état non armé jusqu'à la détection et l'identification d'une menace par le chef de véhicule.As stated previously, the cover 1a is dimensioned so as to be able to withstand the impacts of small caliber projectiles (the cover will for example a light alloy or composite thickness of the order of 5 at 10mm). Thus the detection system of the protection will only be activated by the impact of a projectile high energy kinetics such as an arrow or a nucleus of charge formed. To increase the security of the device keep device in unarmed state until detection and identification of a threat by the head of vehicle.

L'impact d'un tel projectile cinétique est détecté par un des panneaux du dispositif de détection. Suivant la solution retenue pour ce dispositif, l'impact sera localisé dans un des quatre quadrants du boítier (détecteur à 4 panneaux de la figure 4) ou bien au voisinage d'une des charges diédriques (détecteur selon la figure 5).The impact of such a kinetic projectile is detected by a detection device panels. Depending on the solution selected for this device, the impact will be located in a of the four quadrants of the housing (4-panel detector of the figure 4) or in the vicinity of one of the dihedral loads (detector according to figure 5).

La charge diédrique la plus proche du point d'impact ou bien celle qui est arbitrairement associée à un des panneaux de détection est alors initiée. Elle engendre avec un délai très faible par rapport à la détection de l'impact (de l'ordre de la dizaine de microsecondes) un jet diédrique qui vient intercepter le projectile cinétique. Les trois autres charges formées diédriques sont initiées séquentiellement avec des retard de l'ordre de 10 à 100 microsecondes. Les différents jets impactent le projectile cinétique et provoquent sa découpe en tronçons et sa déstabilisation. Ce qui diminue fortement son efficacité perforante vis à vis de la paroi du véhicule.The dihedral load closest to the point of impact or well the one that is arbitrarily associated with one of the panels detection is then initiated. It generates with a delay very low compared to impact detection (from the order of ten microseconds) a dihedral jet which intercepts the kinetic projectile. The other three dihedral shaped charges are initiated sequentially with delays of the order of 10 to 100 microseconds. The different jets impact the kinetic projectile and cause it to be cut into sections and destabilized. This which greatly reduces its perforating efficiency with respect to the wall of the vehicle.

Une seule charge diédrique est suffisante pour déstabiliser un noyau de charge formée. Des essais ont ainsi pu démontrer qu'une charge creuse de 35 mm de diamètre (100 g d'explosif) pouvait découper un noyau de charge formée de 80 mm de long et animé d'une vitesse de 2400 m/s.A single dihedral charge is sufficient to destabilize a formed charge core. Tests have thus could demonstrate that a hollow charge 35 mm in diameter (100 g explosive) could cut a charge nucleus formed of 80 mm long and animated with a speed of 2400 m / s.

La combinaison de plusieurs charges diédriques (et notamment les quatre charges décrites ci-dessus) permet de tronçonner les projectiles à grand allongement (projectiles flèches) réduisant fortement leur efficacité.The combination of several dihedral charges (and including the four charges described above) allows cut long elongated projectiles (projectiles arrows) greatly reducing their effectiveness.

Le dispositif de protection selon l'invention est ainsi très efficace contre les projectiles cinétiques tout en ne mettant en oeuvre qu'une masse réduite d'explosif (de l'ordre de 400 g pour un boítier de dimensions : 200mm x 200mm). Il est léger et peut donc être mis en place sur le toit d'un véhicule pour le protéger contre les munitions d'attaque en survol.The protection device according to the invention is thus very effective against kinetic projectiles while not using only a reduced mass of explosive (of the order 400 g for a case of dimensions: 200mm x 200mm). he is light and can therefore be placed on the roof of a vehicle to protect it from attack ammunition in overview.

La figure 2 montre une variante de réalisation d'un tel système de protection, variante dans laquelle les quatre charges diédriques 4a,4b,4c,4d ont leurs directions d'action 30a,30b,30c et 30d inclinées par rapport à la paroi 2 du véhicule et orientées vers l'extérieur du véhicule.Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment of such protection system, variant in which the four dihedral charges 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d have their directions of action 30a, 30b, 30c and 30d inclined relative to the wall 2 of the vehicle and oriented towards the outside of the vehicle.

Une telle disposition permet d'intercepter le projectile plus loin du véhicule et de diminuer les effets arrière sur ce dernier.Such an arrangement makes it possible to intercept the projectile further away from the vehicle and decrease the rear effects on this last.

Un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention est représenté aux figures 3a et 3b.A second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 3a and 3b.

Ce mode est plus particulièrement destiné à protéger un véhicule contre les têtes militaire à charge formée et notamment les têtes à charges en tandem. Il diffère du précédent en ce que les charges diédriques sont remplacées par des petites charges formées cylindriques 33 (environ 40 mm de calibre) disposées au voisinage des parois internes du boítier 1. Les charges formées 33 sont disposées en quatre rangées 34a,34b,34c et 34d, chaque rangée étant associée à une des parois internes 35a, 35b, 35c et 35d du boítier 1.This mode is more particularly intended to protect a vehicle against warheads military charge formed and especially tandem charge heads. It differs from previous in that the dihedral charges are replaced by small cylindrical shaped charges 33 (about 40 mm) arranged near the internal walls of the box 1. The charges formed 33 are arranged in four rows 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d, each row being associated with one of the internal walls 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d of the housing 1.

Les charges 33 d'une seule et même rangée sont toutes parallèles entre elles et les directions d'action des différentes charges formées (les axes des charges formées) sont inclinées par rapport à la paroi 2 du véhicule.Loads 33 of a single row are all parallels between them and the directions of action of different charges formed (axes of charges formed) are inclined relative to the wall 2 of the vehicle.

Les directions d'action des charges disposées sur un seul et même côté du boítier matérialisent donc un plan d'attaque.The directions of action of the loads arranged on a single and same side of the case therefore materialize a plan of attack.

Les traces des plans d'attaque des rangées de charges 34a et 34c sont représentées par les lignes 36a et 36c sur la figure 3b (et sont confondues avec les directions d'action des charges 33 visibles sur la figure 3b). Les différents plans d'attaque sont sécants à l'extérieur du boítier 1 et à une distance du couvercle 1a de celui ci de l'ordre de 1 calibre de charge formée.Tracks of attack plans for rows of charges 34a and 34c are represented by lines 36a and 36c on the figure 3b (and are confused with the directions of action loads 33 visible in Figure 3b). The different planes of attack intersect outside of case 1 and at a distance of the cover 1a from the latter of the order of 1 load rating formed.

Par ailleurs les rangées de charges 33 disposées au voisinage de parois 35 du boítier 1 qui sont parallèles ne comportent pas le même nombre de charges et les axes des différentes charges sont décalés en quinconce les uns par rapport aux autres. Ainsi la rangée 34a comporte quatre charges tandis que la rangée en vis à vis 34c n'en comporte que trois. De même la rangée 34d comporte quatre charges alors que la rangée 34b en comporte trois.In addition, the rows of loads 33 arranged at the vicinity of walls 35 of the housing 1 which are parallel does not do not have the same number of charges and the axes of different loads are staggered staggered by compared to others. Thus row 34a has four charges while the facing row 34c has none than three. Likewise row 34d has four charges while row 34b has three.

Les différentes charges sont initiées par des cordeaux retard 15, eux même initiés par une amorce disposée dans un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 8.The different charges are initiated by strings delay 15, themselves initiated by a primer arranged in a security and arming 8.

Un système électronique de commande 14 assure l'initiation des différentes charges en réponse à un ordre de mise à feu fourni par des moyens de détection 16 disposés à distance du boítier.An electronic control system 14 ensures the initiation of the different charges in response to an order of firing provided by detection means 16 arranged at distance from the housing.

Le système électronique de commande 14 sera doté d'un moyen 32 de réception d'ordres de télécommande qui assurera également la réception de l'ordre de mise à feu émis par les moyens de détection 16.The electronic control system 14 will be provided with a means 32 for receiving remote control orders which will ensure also receipt of the firing order issued by the detection means 16.

Ces derniers sont conformés de façon à pouvoir détecter l'approche d'un projectile à charge formée tel un missile ou une roquette (vitesse de projectile de l'ordre de 200 à 800m/s).These are shaped so that they can detect approaching a charge projectile formed such as a missile or a rocket (projectile speed of the order of 200 to 800m / s).

Ils pourront comprendre un ou plusieurs détecteurs radar et/ou un ou plusieurs détecteurs optiques, ils comprendront également des moyens de calcul permettant de déterminer la vitesse du projectile et d'en déduire l'instant d'initiation optimal pour les charges formées.They may include one or more radar detectors and / or one or more optical detectors, they will include also calculation means making it possible to determine the velocity of the projectile and deduce from it the instant of initiation optimal for shaped loads.

Le fonctionnement de ce dispositif de protection active est le suivant.The operation of this active protection device is the next.

En réponse à l'identification d'une menace par la détection de l'approche d'un projectile tel qu'un missile ou une roquette au voisinage du boítier, les moyens de détection 16 commandent à l'instant optimal l'initiation du dispositif de protection.In response to the identification of a threat by the detection of the approach of a projectile such as a missile or a rocket in the vicinity of the housing, the detection means 16 control the initiation of the device at the optimal time protection.

L'instant d'initiation est déterminé au moyen d'algorithmes de calcul en fonction de la vitesse mesurée pour le projectile et de la distance de la paroi à laquelle celui-ci se trouve. L'initiation des charges formées est provoquée à un instant tel que le projectile détecté se trouve à une distance du boítier comprise entre 0,5 m et 2 m.The initiation time is determined using of calculation algorithms according to the measured speed for the projectile and the distance from the wall at which this one is found. The initiation of the charges formed is triggered at a time such that the detected projectile located at a distance from the housing of between 0.5 m and 2 m.

Le système électronique de commande va initier les différentes rangées de charges formées en séquence. Toutes les charges formées d'une seule et même rangée seront initiées simultanément, les autres rangées étant initiées successivement avec des retard d'initiation de l'ordre de 20 à 50 microsecondes.The electronic control system will initiate the different rows of loads formed in sequence. All loads formed from a single row will be initiated simultaneously, the other rows being initiated successively with initiation delays of around 20 at 50 microseconds.

Du fait de la multiplication du nombre de charges formées 33 ainsi que du décalage spatial des différents axes des charges, la probabilité d'interception du projectile se trouve augmentée. Elle est encore accrue par le décalage temporel des instants d'initiation d'une rangée à l'autre. Due to the multiplication of the number of charges formed 33 as well as the spatial offset of the different axes of the charges, the probability of interception of the projectile found increased. It is further increased by the shift temporal instants of initiation from one row to another.

On est ainsi assuré de détruire le projectile incident bien avant qu'il n'impacte sur le boítier.We are thus guaranteed to destroy the incident projectile long before it hits the case.

L'efficacité est donc assurée même contre des projectiles à charges formées en tandem et cela avec une masse pour le boítier de protection relativement réduite (environ 4 kg).Efficiency is therefore ensured even against projectiles with charges formed in tandem and this with a mass for the relatively small protective case (about 4 kg).

A titre de variante on pourra adopter un nombre de charges formées 33 différent. On pourra également disposer les charges formée suivant plusieurs rangées parallèles entre elles, par exemple deux rangées de charges au voisinage de chaque paroi du boítier, soit en tout huit rangées de charges formées. Dans ce cas on disposera les charges solidaires d'une même paroi suivant deux rangées en quinconce afin d'accroítre la probabilité d'interception d'un projectile par le dispositif. Les deux rangées de charge d'une seule paroi pourront être initiées simultanément ou bien séquentiellement.As a variant, it is possible to adopt a number of charges formed 33 different. We can also have the charges formed in several parallel rows between them, for example two rows of loads in the vicinity of each wall of the case, for a total of eight rows of loads trained. In this case we will have the solidarity charges of the same wall in two staggered rows so to increase the probability of interception of a projectile by the device. The two load rows of a single wall can be initiated simultaneously or sequentially.

Un tel dispositif de protection n'est efficace que si le projectile a une trajectoire l'amenant dans la zone d'efficacité du boítier.Such a protective device is only effective if the projectile has a trajectory bringing it into the area efficiency of the housing.

Il est donc préférable d'associer plusieurs boítiers répartis sur différentes parois du véhicule avec un moyen de détection centralisé qui déterminera le ou les boítiers qui doivent être initiés comme suite à l'approche d'une menace.It is therefore preferable to associate several boxes distributed on different walls of the vehicle with a means of centralized detection which will determine the box (es) which must be initiated as a result of the approach of a threat.

Les figures 6a et 6b montrent ainsi un véhicule blindé 37 qui comporte plusieurs boítiers de protection 1.Figures 6a and 6b thus show an armored vehicle 37 which has several protective boxes 1.

On distingue sur la figure :

  • des boítiers 1b disposés latéralement sur la tourelle,
  • des boítiers 1c disposés sur les glacis,
  • des boítiers 1d disposés en partie avant,
  • des boítiers 1e disposés sur les protection latérales de chenilles,
  • des boítiers 1f disposés en protection de motorisation.
We can see in the figure:
  • housings 1b disposed laterally on the turret,
  • boxes 1c arranged on the glazes,
  • 1d boxes arranged in the front part,
  • boxes 1e arranged on the side protection of tracks,
  • 1f boxes arranged in motor protection.

Le véhicule est doté de moyens de détection centralisés assurant la veille (alerte) de l'environnement immédiat du char et la poursuite du projectile (trajectographie). Ces moyens sont conçus, soit de façon à assurer simultanément et en permanence les fonctions veille et poursuite, soit ils sont capables de basculer rapidement du mode veille au mode poursuite. Ils peuvent comprendre :

  • des radars 39 de proximité disposés sur la tourelle (dans l'exemple représenté ici),
  • des caméras optiques 40 à transfert de charge (CCD) ou des caméras infrarouge rapides,
  • une ou plusieurs barrières optiques 41, 42.
The vehicle is equipped with centralized detection means ensuring monitoring (alert) of the immediate environment of the tank and tracking of the projectile (trajectography). These means are designed either to ensure simultaneously and permanently the standby and tracking functions, or they are capable of rapidly switching from standby mode to tracking mode. They can include:
  • proximity radars 39 placed on the turret (in the example shown here),
  • charge transfer optical cameras (CCD) 40 or fast infrared cameras,
  • one or more light barriers 41, 42.

On pourra prévoir des barrières optiques latérales 42 sous forme de barrettes de capteurs (infrarouge ou diodes laser). Ces barrettes détecteront l'approche de projectiles attaquant le véhicule latéralement (direction de détection 44). Les capteurs détectant l'approche du projectile assureront une localisation de la direction d'attaque de celui ci. Un calculateur central qui coordonne les différents moyens de détection en déduira le ou les boítiers actifs qui doivent être initiés.It will be possible to provide lateral optical barriers 42 in the form of sensor strips (infrared or diodes laser). These bars will detect the approach of projectiles attacking the vehicle laterally (direction of detection 44). Sensors detecting the approach of the projectile will ensure a location of the attack direction of this one. A central computer that coordinates the different detection means will deduce therefrom the active box or boxes which must be initiated.

On pourra également prévoir (en complément aux barrettes latérales ou en remplacement) une barrière de toit 41 à faisceau conique qui sera solidaire d'un mat 43 télescopique (directions de détection 45).We can also provide (in addition to the bars or a replacement) a roof barrier 41 to conical beam which will be fixed to a telescopic mast 43 (detection directions 45).

Il est bien entendu possible d'associer sur un même véhicule des boítiers de protection anti charge formées (figures 3a,3b) et des boítiers de protection anti projectiles cinétiques (figures 1a,1b,2).It is of course possible to associate on the same vehicle formed anti-load protection boxes (Figures 3a, 3b) and anti protective boxes kinetic projectiles (Figures 1a, 1b, 2).

Le dispositif de protection selon l'invention peut bien évidemment être adapté à la paroi d'une structure fixe, telle un bâtiment, un hangar, une unité mobile (telle un poste de commandement ou un relais de communications).The protective device according to the invention may well obviously be adapted to the wall of a fixed structure, such a building, a hangar, a mobile unit (such as a communications relay).

Claims (11)

Dispositif de protection active d'une paroi, notamment d'une paroi d'un véhicule, comprennant au moins une charge formée (4,33) ayant une direction d'action (30,36) sensiblement parallèle ou bien inclinée par rapport à la paroi du véhicule ainsi que des moyens de détection (16) assurant le déclenchement de la charge formée en réponse à l'arrivée d'un projectile, dispositif caractérisé en ce qu' il comporte au moins quatre charges formées (4,33) disposées dans au moins un boítier (1), chaque charge formée étant disposée sur le côté d'un quadrilatère.Device for active protection of a wall, in particular of a wall of a vehicle, comprising at least one shaped load (4,33) having a direction of action (30,36) substantially parallel or indeed inclined with respect to the wall of the vehicle as well as detection means (16) ensuring the triggering of the charge formed in response to the arrival of a projectile, device characterized in that it comprises at least four formed charges (4,33) arranged in at least one housing (1), each formed charge being arranged on the side of a quadrilateral. Dispositif de protection active selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le boítier (1) renferme quatre charges formées dièdriques (4) formant un quadrilatère et ayant des directions d'action convergentes.Active protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (1) contains four dihedral shaped charges (4) forming a quadrilateral and having converging directions of action. Dispositif de protection active selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les directions d'action des charges formées (4) sont inclinées par rapport à la paroi du véhicule et orientées vers l'extérieur du véhicule.Active protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that the directions of action of the loads formed (4) are inclined relative to the wall of the vehicle and oriented towards the outside of the vehicle. Dispositif de protection active selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection comprennent au moins un panneau (17) comprenant au moins deux contacts électriques (18,19) fermés par l'impact d'un projectile.Active protection device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means for detection comprise at least one panel (17) comprising at least minus two electrical contacts (18,19) closed by impact of a projectile. Dispositif de protection active selon les revendications 2 et 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection comprennent quatre panneaux de contact indépendants, chaque panneau commandant le déclenchement d'une charge diédrique différente.Active protection device according to claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the means for detection include four contact panels independent, each panel controlling the triggering of a different dihedral charge. Dispositif de protection active selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection (16) comprennent au moins un panneau incorporant au moins un câble conducteur (22,23) rompu par l'impact d'un projectile.Active protection device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means for detection (16) include at least one panel incorporating at least one conductive cable (22,23) broken by the impact of a projectile. Dispositif de protection active selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection comprennent au moins deux câbles (22,23) rompus par l'impact d'un projectile, chaque câble étant disposé de façon à aller alternativement d'un premier bord du panneau jusqu'à un deuxième bord parallèle au premier en réalisant une couverture du panneau par un réseau de lignes (26,29) sensiblement parallèles entre elles, les lignes du réseau constitué par un premier câble (22) étant perpendiculaires à celles du réseau constitué par un deuxième câble (23) de façon à former un quadrillage de la surface du panneau.Active protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that the detection means comprise at least two cables (22,23) broken by the impact of a projectile, each cable being arranged so as to go alternately from a first edge of the panel to a second edge parallel to the first by making a coverage of the panel by a network of lines (26,29) substantially parallel to each other, the lines of the network consisting of a first cable (22) being perpendicular to those of the network constituted by a second cable (23) of to form a grid on the surface of the panel. Dispositif de protection active selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection (16) comprennent un système de commande (14) qui assure une mesure de la résistance des câbles de détection (22,23), de façon à localiser le point d'impact du projectile sur le panneau, et qui commande le déclenchement de la charge diédrique la plus proche du point d'impact.Active protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that the detection means (16) include a control system (14) which provides measurement the resistance of the detection cables (22,23), so that locate the point of impact of the projectile on the panel, and which controls the triggering of the most dihedral load close to the point of impact. Dispositif de protection active selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que des moyens retards (15) sont prévus pour assurer après l'initiation d'une charge l'initiation des autres charges en séquence.Active protection device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that means delays (15) are provided to ensure after initiation of a charge the initiation of the other charges in sequence. Dispositif de protection active selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le boítier (1) renferme au moins quatre charges formées (33) cylindriques, chaque charge étant disposée sur le côté d'un quadrilatère et les directions d'action des charges étant inclinées par rapport à la paroi du véhicule.Active protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (1) contains at least four shaped charges (33) cylindrical, each charge being arranged on the side of a quadrilateral and the directions of action of the charges being inclined with respect to the wall of the vehicle. Dispositif de protection active selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins deux boítiers (1) et en ce que les moyens de détection (16) comprennent au moins un capteur central électromagnétique ou optique, capteur relié à un moyen de calcul qui détermine la direction d'approche du projectile et sa vitesse et qui commande l'initiation d'au moins une charge d'un des boítiers.Active protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises at least two housings (1) and in that the detection means (16) comprise at minus an electromagnetic or optical central sensor, sensor connected to a calculation means which determines the direction approach the projectile and its speed and which controls the initiation of at least one charge from one of the boxes.
EP99402750A 1998-11-23 1999-11-05 Reactive armour device for a vehicle or structure Expired - Fee Related EP1004844B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9814748 1998-11-23
FR9814748A FR2786262B1 (en) 1998-11-23 1998-11-23 DEVICE FOR ACTIVE PROTECTION OF A VEHICLE OR STRUCTURE WALL

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EP1004844A1 true EP1004844A1 (en) 2000-05-31
EP1004844B1 EP1004844B1 (en) 2003-09-03

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EP (1) EP1004844B1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2786262B1 (en)

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US6327955B1 (en) 2001-12-11
DE69910953T2 (en) 2004-05-19
FR2786262B1 (en) 2001-10-19
FR2786262A1 (en) 2000-05-26
DE69910953D1 (en) 2003-10-09
EP1004844B1 (en) 2003-09-03

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