Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D25/00—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag
  • F27D25/001—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag comprising breaking tools, e.g. hammers, drills, scrapers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
  • B22D41/02—Linings
  • B22D41/026—Apparatus used for fracturing and removing of linings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
  • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
  • F27D1/1694—Breaking away the lining or removing parts thereof

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for removing and / or breaking out layers or areas from substrates, for example surface and contour milling for profiled processing of channels, molds, pans, converters and slag collection containers, for cleaning electric furnaces and for removing contaminated waste and contaminated Layers in asbestos removal in which a milling head driven by a hydraulic motor and equipped with milling cutters is brought into engagement with the area of the subsurface to be removed, the milling head being held in the milling position by a telescopic arm of a movable vehicle with an uppercarriage and being moved in the removal direction.
• the invention also relates to a device for removing and / or breaking out layers or areas from surfaces, for example flat and contour milling for profiled processing of channels, molds, pans, converters and slag collecting containers, for cleaning electric furnaces and for removing contaminated waste as well as stressed layers during asbestos removal, with a vehicle that can be moved along the surface to be worked, for example an excavator, which has a swiveling superstructure to which a hydraulically swiveling and rotatable telescopic arm is articulated, which has a receptacle for a hydraulic motor at its front end driven milling tool that carries several milling tools.
• a vehicle that can be moved along the surface to be worked, for example an excavator, which has a swiveling superstructure to which a hydraulically swiveling and rotatable telescopic arm is articulated, which has a receptacle for a hydraulic motor at its front end driven milling tool that carries several milling tools.
• the pig iron is smelted in the blast furnace in the smelter technology and in the further treatment in the converter and electric furnace.
• the liquid pig iron is transported in troughs or pans, which have a refractory inner lining consisting of permanent lining and wear lining.
• Wear lining is continuously removed by the pig iron, possibly damaged and must therefore be removed and replaced at regular intervals.
• the permanent lining must not be damaged when removing the wear lining.
• the molten pig iron comes into contact with the support structure, which causes major consequential damage.
• the wear lining is broken out of the gutter assembly manually using hydraulic / pneumatic hammers or tearing tools.
• DE 31 36 236 AI discloses a device for excavating blast furnace channels or other channels provided with a refractory lining, which have a portable excavation device discloses having a lifting and lowering milling arm with a driven rotating milling head.
• This excavation device is provided with its own undercarriage in the form of a caterpillar or wheel undercarriage.
• the milling arm can be swiveled up and swiveled sideways on the machine frame and is designed as an articulated boom. At the lower free end of the boom, it carries a milling head consisting of two milling disks, which rotate around a common axis of rotation.
• a hydraulic slow-speed motor or a high-speed motor with gear reduction serves to drive the milling discs.
• a machine for cutting trenches in rock in which a telescopic arm carries a cutting head at its front end. At the point of articulation of the cutting head, an additional hydraulic pressure arm acts, which prevents the cutting head from vibrating and hopping during engagement.
• This known machine is designed to cut trenches from 35 to 62 cm wide and up to 4.5 m deep.
• the cutting head is driven by an electric drive via a gear and is designed as a double cut-off machine, the discs of which are equipped with tungsten carbide teeth are.
• the two disks rotate about a common axis in the same direction, but can also be designed as milling cutters which are arranged axially parallel next to one another and rotate in opposite directions.
• milling cutters which rotate in opposite directions, do not prevent vibrations and vibrations during cutting, but the milling arms are held in the cutting position by the pressure arm against the vibrating forces. They are dimensioned for high cutting performance at high speeds.
• the pressure forces used to overcome the vibrational forces are far too high to be able to process refractory bricks, for example channels for liquid pig iron, with this known solution.
• the high pressure forces inevitably destroy the permanent feed, which entails the disadvantages described above.
• the invention has for its object to improve a method and an apparatus of the type mentioned in such a way that a controlled and selective removal of surface layers and areas on refractory linings or contaminated substrates largely vibration-free with a significant reduction in holding forces for the Milling cutter, reducing downtimes, heat and dust pollution and at the same time improving the machining quality.
• the invention is also based on the object of increasing the compactness of the milling device, shortening its set-up times and noticeably improving its ease of maintenance and ease of use by reducing the weight.
• the object is achieved according to the invention in that at least two, but even-numbered, axially parallel, counter-rotating drums, each driven directly by a slow-running hydraulic drive, are used, the rotating milling cutters engaging in succession on a helical line and with a small lateral offset, and simultaneously with the opposite rotation of the individual drums is given a controlled rotation in the same direction about a common axis parallel to the axes of rotation of the individual drums.
• This controlled rotation can be either a left or a right turn. This achieves a force compensation of the cutting forces, whereby the vibrations and shocks that occur when the milling tools are engaged can be kept very low and the holding forces for the cutting head can be reduced.
• the method thereby achieved that, in addition to the feed movement of the drum, a pitching movement of the milling head and / or rotational movement of the telescopic arm about its longitudinal axis and / or an extension and extension of the telescopic arm and / or lifting and lowering the telescopic arm on the uppercarriage and / or pivoting the uppercarriage and / or method of the vehicle is superimposed in the direction of the processing zone.
• the drums move about their axis of rotation at the same speed.
• drums move around their rotary axes at an uneven speed.
• Another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the speed of the drums is adjusted by regulating the oil volume flow of the drives. This is done by a volume flow controller, which distributes the oil volume flow equally between the two drives and also keeps it constant.
• a parallel connection is particularly advantageous for the hydraulic connection of the drives. Both drives then work with the same efficiency at the design point, the speeds of both drives are the same regardless of the torque, and the direct drive enables the drives to have a low overall height. With a series connection, the pressure difference is automatically distributed to both drives, which then have the same speed.
• the milling head has at least two, but even-numbered, drums, the axes of rotation of which are arranged parallel to one another and next to one another and of which each drum has several chisels arranged on the end face and on the circumference on a spiral lime, whereby the coils run in opposite directions to each other around the drums and the chisels are arranged so that they are distributed on the helix lines so that no axial force components occur when milling, and that each drum is assigned a separate hydraulic drive, the drive shaft of which is aligned with the respective axis of rotation of the drum , rotatably supported by bearings on a non-rotating tubular inner part of the drum and protrudes with an outer sleeve-like rotatably arranged around the inner part, the chisel-bearing outer part of the drum on the drive side m connection, the drives being connected by a common B Efest Trentsplatte housing are enclosed, the On a center axis parallel
• the vehicle is brought into working position by the telescopic arm with articulated counter-rotating ones
• Drilling bits carrying milling bits are brought into engagement with the substrate in the direction of the processing zone.
• the vehicle can then either stand to the side of the processing zone, for example a pig iron gutter, or escape from the zone.
• the fixed tubular inner part and the mounting plate for the drives are formed in one piece. This increases the rigidity accordingly.
• the drives are designed for quick assembly and maintenance as plug-in units, which insert the inner part with their drive shaft and are attached to the mounting plate with a retaining flange.
• the outer part 1 of the drum has a collar which is sealed against the fastening plate by means of a seal.
• Slow-running high-torque motors of the radial piston type have proven to be suitable hydraulic drives.
• a fixed bearing preferably tapered roller bearing, arranged near the drive, and a floating bearing, preferably cylindrical roller bearing arranged near the shaft end, are provided as bearings.
• the swivel device consists of a hydraulic rotary leadthrough and rotating device. This ensures that the milling head with its two counter-rotating drums can perform an additional rotary movement around a common axis.
• the chisel-bearing outer part of the drum is designed to be exchangeable according to a further expedient embodiment of the invention.
• the front of the outer part is non-positively connected to the drive shaft.
• the outer part of the drum preferably has a spherical, spherical or concave shape.
• the milling cutters are advantageously arranged in exchangeable form in receptacles on the circumference and on the end face of the outer part of the drum. Suitable milling bits are commercially available
• Milling chisels are attached to a suction device, with the help of which excessive amounts of dust can be suctioned off without problems.
• Em underwater use of the milling head is also possible within the scope of the invention.
• the drums, the housing for accommodating the drives and the truss housing must be encapsulated in a liquid-tight manner.
• the invention makes it possible to specifically refurbish refractory linings from channels, molds, pans, converters and slag collection containers, to clean electric furnaces and to remove contaminated layers.
• the method of operation according to the invention allows surfaces to be processed selectively without the permanent lining being damaged in refractory linings by shocks, vibrations and excessive holding forces.
• the solution according to the invention achieves an extraordinarily high degree of flexibility not only when machining surfaces, but also when machining different profiles. Only the outer shape of the outer part of the drum needs to be varied. Spherical, concave or other geometric shapes are suitable, so that it is also possible to machine corner areas. It is still possible to transmit high torques and at the same time to optimally absorb the guiding and delivery forces.
• the construction of the device according to the invention is more compact, but at the same time safer, because the milling head is largely prevented from seizing. Due to their more variable working widths, the area coverage increases and, due to their higher effectiveness, the disposal and operating costs of the device decrease.
• the relatively lower weight of the device according to the invention means less power consumption and more efficient use of energy.
• FIG. 1 is a side view of the device according to the invention with a crawler vehicle, telescopic arm and milling head,
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the milling head with housing and truss housing
• Fig. 4 shows a section through the milling head, the housing and the truss housing and 5 is a schematic representation of the hydraulic parallel connection of the drives,
• Fig. 6 is a view of the chisel arrangement in the axial direction with development
• Fig. 7 is an illustration of the Wendellmien front view of the drums.
• FIG. 1 shows a mobile excavator 1 with a crawler chassis 2, on which there is an uppercarriage 3, which can be pivoted sideways about the axis A-A on the chassis 2.
• E Telescopic arm 4 is adjustable in height attached to the superstructure 3, so that the infeed angle ⁇ of the telescopic arm 4 relative to the
• Processing zone 5 is changeable. 1 shows, for example, an infeed angle ⁇ of 22 to 31 °.
• the telescopic arm 4 can be rotated around its longitudinal axis B-B indefinitely (see arrow I).
• the telescopic arm 4 can also be shortened or lengthened by moving the telescopic tube in or out (arrow II).
• a receptacle 6 is articulated at the front end of the telescopic arm 4, which enables the receptacle 6 to pitch by approximately 120 ° (arrow III).
• the receptacle 6 carries a milling head 8.
• the milling head 8 consists of two counter-rotating drums (see arrow IV) 9, a housing 10 and a truss housing 11 with a truss plate 12. This truss plate 12 is fastened to the plate 7 belonging to the receptacle 6 by screw connections, not shown. If the receptacle 6 performs a pitching movement, the milling head 8 follows this movement.
• the drives 21 of the drums 9 are accommodated in the housing 10, which in turn is rotatable relative to the truss housing 11 (arrow V).
• milling bits 13 round shank bits
• m receptacles 14 are interchangeably held on the outer circumference and the end face (FIG. 3 ).
• the housing 10 of the milling head 8 has a fastening plate 15 with a boundary wall 16 projecting from the plate 15, which is screwed to a housing cover 17 in a pressure-tight manner.
• Each drum 9 consists of a non-rotating tubular inner part 18, which is also part of the mounting plate 15 of the housing 10 and Emschuböffitch 19 for receiving a drive shaft 20 of a hydraulic drive 21.
• This hydraulic drive 21 for example em radial piston motor, is with its mounting flange 22 the mounting plate 15 screwed into the housing.
• the drive shaft 20 is braced twice against the inner part 18, on the one hand near the thrust opening 19 with a fixed bearing 23, which consists of a two-tapered roller bearing m X arrangement and on the other hand with a double row full complement floating bearing 24, which is located near the shaft end.
• the drive shaft 20 itself gradually increases in diameter D to the shaft end hm, so that the greatest possible torque is applied to the shaft end em and great bending stiffness is achieved.
• the drum 9 also includes a sleeve-shaped outer part 25 which carries the chisel receptacles 14 on the end face and circumferentially, to which the chisels 13 are held.
• the end face of the outer part 25 is non-positively connected to the end face of the drive shaft 24 by a screw connection, so that the rotational movement of the shaft 20 is transmitted directly to the outer part 25.
• the chisels 13 attached to the outer part 25 also rotate.
• the end face carries, for example, 8 and a total of 36 chisels are distributed around the circumference.
• the outer part 25 is pushed onto the fixed inner part 18 until its collar 26, which is seated at the end, comes into contact with a grinding seal 27 fastened to the fastening plate 15.
• the outer part 25 is thus rotatably arranged around the inner part 18.
• the axis of rotation CC (arrow IV m Fig. 2) of the drum 9 is thus in alignment with the drive shaft 20 of the drive 21.
• the axes of rotation CC of both drums 9 are thus arranged parallel to one another at a distance from one another, so that in the housing
• the housing 10 is rotatably supported on the annular part 30 of the cross member 11 by an axial and radial bearing 31.
• the hydraulic swivel device 28 is connected to a hydraulic system 32, which also supplies the drives 22.
• This hydraulic system 32 includes the drives 22, the swivel device 28, the oil motor 34, flow control 33, check valves, reversing valves and the corresponding hydraulic lines 35.
• the two drives 21 are connected in parallel. This circuit ensures that the full pressure difference of the excavator 1 is applied to the drive 21 and half of the oil volume flow is available to each drive.
• the operating point of each drive is controlled by a 2-way flow regulator 33 which adjusts the oil volume flow to each of the
• the excavator 1 described above is moved to the processing zone 5 in such a way that the vehicle stands laterally to the processing zone 5.
• the drums 9 arranged in the milling head 8 with their milling bits 13 are fed via the telescopic arm 4 to the surface of the processing zone 5 until the rotating ones Chisel 13 engage the ground.
• the chisels are arranged on the outer part 25 of the first drum 9 on a helix line EE (see FIGS. 6 and 7) which is oriented in the opposite direction to the helix line FF of the second drum 9.
• the chisels 13 are distributed on the coils in such a way that the chisels 13 do not come into engagement at the same time and the lateral offset of the tooth engagement is also significantly reduced. This arrangement ensures that force compensation is achieved which prevents the telescopic arm from rocking.
• Emschuböffonne 19 drive shaft 20 hydraulic drive 21

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (2)

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• 1998
  • 1998-06-02 AT AT98936107T patent/ATE215212T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-06-02 WO PCT/DE1998/001546 patent/WO1999063291A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1998-06-02 EP EP98936107A patent/EP0996845B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-06-02 AU AU85300/98A patent/AU8530098A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-06-02 DE DE59803534T patent/DE59803534D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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