EP0995832B1 - Geschlagenes Kunstfaserseil - Google Patents

Geschlagenes Kunstfaserseil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0995832B1
EP0995832B1 EP99120587A EP99120587A EP0995832B1 EP 0995832 B1 EP0995832 B1 EP 0995832B1 EP 99120587 A EP99120587 A EP 99120587A EP 99120587 A EP99120587 A EP 99120587A EP 0995832 B1 EP0995832 B1 EP 0995832B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strands
synthetic fiber
rope
layer
fiber rope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99120587A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0995832A3 (de
EP0995832A2 (de
Inventor
Claudio Dipl.-Ing. De Angelis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to EP99120587A priority Critical patent/EP0995832B1/de
Publication of EP0995832A2 publication Critical patent/EP0995832A2/de
Publication of EP0995832A3 publication Critical patent/EP0995832A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0995832B1 publication Critical patent/EP0995832B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/025—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics comprising high modulus, or high tenacity, polymer filaments or fibres, e.g. liquid-crystal polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/162—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
    • D07B2201/1016—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure characterised by the use of different strands
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
    • D07B2201/102—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure including a core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
    • D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
    • D07B2201/1064—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
    • D07B2201/1064—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand
    • D07B2201/1068—Rope or cable structures twisted characterised by lay direction of the strand compared to the lay direction of the wires in the strand having the same lay direction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
    • D07B2201/1076—Open winding
    • D07B2201/108—Cylinder winding, i.e. S/Z or Z/S
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071—Spacers
    • D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D07B2205/205—Aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2007—Elevators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a synthetic fiber rope, preferably from aromatic polyamide, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Ropes are particularly in the conveyor technology, such. B. at Elevators, in crane construction and opencast mining, an important strong claimed machine element. The most complex is the Stress of driven ropes, as they are for example in Elevator construction can be used.
  • the cabin frame is a in a lift shaft guided cabin and a counterweight connected by a steel cable.
  • the rope runs over one Traction sheave driven by a drive motor.
  • the Drive torque is under frictional over the respective Encased angle applied to rope section. there the rope is exposed to great transverse stress.
  • High-strength synthetic fiber ropes for example aromatic polyamides or aramids with high levels oriented molecular chains fulfill these requirements better as steel cables.
  • Aramid fiber ropes have the same Cross-section compared to conventional steel cables one much higher load capacity and only a fifth to Sixth of the specific weight. Unlike steel However, the aramid fiber has due to their atomic structure a low elongation at break and a low transverse strength.
  • Aramidseil offers regard Lifetime, high abrasion resistance and Bending fatigue strength satisfactory values; Indeed it has been found that there is a possibility that in the permanently loaded drive rope due to the Parallel stranding over one of the traction sheave outgoing part of an inner torque acts and the Rope part length when running over the traction sheave around the Longitudinal axis rotates or turns up. In consequence of this acting load can lead to microstructural changes, then the excess lengths of individual outer strands to lead. The excess lengths become repeated runs of the rope section over the traction sheave in the rope transported. Such a change of constructive structure of the rope is undesirable because they to a Seilbuchkraftminderung or even to the failure of Rope could lead.
  • DE 36 31 211 A1 discloses a low-rotation or Non-rotating wire rope in multi-seated, multi-layered Construction with a core rope and one in it opposite impact direction stranded cover layer, wherein the core rope exclusively from Rundlitzen and the Cover layer is formed of only one layer of flat strands.
  • the steel wires of the top layer are because of the oval Litz form of a permanently non-uniform bending and Torsionsbe fused and leave one cross-sectional torque compensation between the Sum of all right- and left-handed strands only limited.
  • the invention is based on the object Synthetic fiber rope with rotation-neutral construction and an over the rope circumference uniform torque transmission indicated.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are that the load resulting from the rope construction Torques are due to the counterstriking stranding of the strands of Top layer with the inner strands supporting each other cancel and thus an outward rotation neutral cable construction is reached.
  • the benefits are basically on each Tensile loaded rope according to the invention achieved independently whether it is a rope in running or standing Application is.
  • the inner strand layer of strands with build up different diameter.
  • An alternate one Arrangement of large-diameter and thin-wire strands results in a strand layer with a nearly circular cross-section and a high degree of filling. Overall, the strands are tight together and support each other, which is a very compact and solid stranding results on the traction sheave little deformed and no tendency to turn up shows.
  • the life of parallel stranded strands can be increased if, for example, in a two-ply Parallel impact stranding
  • the direction of rotation of the fibers of strands a strand layer opposite to the direction of rotation of the fibers is provided by strands of the other strand layer.
  • An advantageous distribution of the on as a drive rope used synthetic fiber rope acting forces on the Overall cross section of the strands is according to a preferred Embodiment of the invention achieved in that the outside lying strands and the strands of the inner strand layer below a strike length ratio of 1.5 to 1.8 with each other are stranded. When loading the rope, this results in a homogeneous stress distribution on all high-strength strands. Thus, all strands contribute to the tensile strength of the rope, resulting in a high bending fatigue strength and overall high Rope life result.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an elevator installation with a suspension of 2: 1 over two pulleys 2,3.
  • Rope end connections 4 for the elevator rope 1 are in this Arrangement not on the car 5 and the counterweight 6, but each attached to the upper shaft end 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the invention inventive elevator rope 1 shown.
  • Elevator rope 1 used strands 9, 10, 11, 12 are made rotated or beaten individual aramid fibers.
  • Each Aramid fiber, as well as the strand 9, 10, 11, 12 itself, are to protect the fibers with an impregnating agent, e.g. Polyurethane solution, treated.
  • the proportion of polyurethane can thereby depending on the desired bending cycle power, e.g. between ten and sixty percent lie.
  • the elevator rope 1 is constructed from a core strand 9 around which in a first direction of impact 13 five identical strands 10 a first strand layer 14 are laid helically, and with which ten strands 10, 11 of a second strand layer 15 in Parallel strike under a balanced relationship between Fiber and Litzenscherwood are stranded.
  • the aramid fibers can in the same or opposite direction of impact be beaten like the strands of the stranded layer of them belong. At the same direction of impact is a better Cohesion of the stranding achieved in the unloaded state. An increase of the life span is possible, if the Direction of rotation of the fibers of the first strand layer 13 opposite to the direction of rotation of the fibers of strands 10, 11 of the second strand layer 16 or vice versa is provided.
  • the second strand layer 16 is composed of an alternating Arrangement of two types of five identical strands 10, 11 together.
  • Five strands 11 are larger diameter helically in the valleys of the first carrying them Stranded wire 14, while five strands 10 of diameter Strands 10 of the first strand layer 14 on the crests 17 of them carrying the first strand layer 14 and thereby the gaps 18th between two adjacent larger diameter strands 11 fill out.
  • it receives twice in parallel stranded cable core 19 a second strand layer 16 with almost cylindrical outer contour, described below Advantages in cooperation with an intermediate sheath 20 offers.
  • the cable core 9 With the cable core 9 are about 17 strands 12 in one of the first Direction of impact 13 opposite second direction of impact 15th stranded to a cover strand layer 22 in the tow stroke.
  • the Lay length ratio of the outer strands 12 with the Strands 10, 11 of the inner strand layers 14, 16 is in the illustrated embodiment 1.6.
  • a Impact length ratio of reverse impact stranding in the range of 1.5 to 1.8 advantageous. This results in a substantially identical pitch angle of the helically lying Strands 10, 11 of the inner second strand layers 14, 16 and the Strands 12 of the cover strand layer 21 with a permissible deviation in a range of +/- 2 angular degrees.
  • the stranding of Decklitzenlage 21 builds under load a torque that in Direction opposite to the second direction of impact 15 rotates.
  • the intermediate sheath 20 Between the stranded in the second direction 15 stranded Decklitzenlage 21 and the strands 10, 11 of the second strand layer 16 is an intermediate sheath 20.
  • the intermediate sheath 20th The second strand layer 16 envelops tubular and prevents a contact of the strands 10, 11 with the strands 12. On this Manner he avoids wear of the strands 10, 11, 12th by mutual rubbing in the course of the Elevator rope 1 on the traction sheave 8 and the case occurring relative displacement of the strands 10, 11, 12th among themselves.
  • the Intermediate sheath 20 Another function of the intermediate sheath 20 is the Transmission of the load of the elevator rope 1 in the Decklitzenlage 21 built-up torque on the second Litzenlage 16 and thus on the cable core 19, the Parallel stranding with first direction 13 under Longitudinal load of the rope 1 a to the direction of impact builds oppositely directed torque.
  • This is the Intermediate jacket 20 made of an elastically deformable material, such as As polyurethane or polyester elastomers, on the stranded cable core 9 sprayed or extruded. Under the centric acting lace force of the cover layer 21 is the Intermediate jacket 20 elastically deformed, wherein he closely to the missionsmantelkonturen acting on him strand layers 16 and 21 applies and fills all spaces 22.
  • the thickness 23 of the intermediate sheath 20 is with increasing diameter of the strands 12 and the To choose strands 9 and 10 larger. In any case, the thickness is 23 of the intermediate jacket 20 to be dimensioned so that in loaded condition, after completed flow process, ie at fully filled Litzen fundamental civil 22 a Residual coat thickness of 0.1 mm between strands 10, 11 and 12 of adjacent strand layers 16 and 21 is ensured.
  • the elastically deformed intermediate casing 21 causes a uniform torque transmission over the entire Peripheral surface of the second strand layer 16.
  • the Lacing force of the cover strand layer 21 and the torque of Decklitzenlage 21 not as before mainly on the crests 17 individual strands, but distributed over the large area entire circumferential surface. Force peaks are avoided and instead there are smaller, area-effecting amounts Area forces.
  • the volume of the Litzen thoroughlyschreib 22 can by the alternating arrangement of large diameter 11 and smaller diameter strands 10 of the second strand layer 16 be minimized.
  • Another training variant is the second strand layer 16 not to coat as a whole with an intermediate layer, but the strands 10, 11 and / or 12 individually with a coat made of plastic with appropriate elastic properties too envelop.
  • the strands 10, 11 and / or 12 individually with a coat made of plastic with appropriate elastic properties too envelop.
  • coefficient of friction of the jacket material is on as high as possible.
  • the cable sheath 25 As a protective cladding for the aramid fiber strands is a Cable sheath 25 is provided.
  • the cable sheath 25 consists of Plastic, preferably polyurethane and ensures the desired coefficient of friction u to the traction sheave 8. Furthermore, the Abrasion resistance of the plastic sheath is also a strict one Demand, as the run of the elevator rope over the traction sheave 8 no damage occurs.
  • the cable sheath 25 goes with it the cover strand layer 21 has such a good adhesion, that he during the course of the elevator rope 1 via the traction sheave 8 and the impressed shear and compressive forces between the two no relative movement takes place.
  • each individual strand 12 with a be provided separate, all around closed shell 26.
  • each individual strand 12 with a be provided separate, all around closed shell 26.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the structure of a second embodiment of the inventive Counterstrike rope in unloaded condition.
  • strands 27 become one Decklitzenlage 28 in response to a cable core 29th stranded.
  • the cover strand layer 28 comprises thirteen strands 12 and is covered by a cable sheath 30.
  • an intermediate jacket 31st is between the Decklitzenlage 28 and the cable core 29 appropriate.
  • the intermediate jacket 31 lays on each of the adjacent lateral surfaces of the cover layer 28 and the Rope core 29 and fills the gaps 32 between the strands 27 completely off.
  • the rope core 29 is constructed of three different thickness strands 33, 34, 35th of aramid fibers, with three strands 33 forming a core rope the strands 34 and strands 35 in a different order are stranded in parallel thrust.
  • the rope can be added use different systems of conveyor technology, e.g. For Elevators, shaft conveyors in mining, load cranes such as construction, Hull or ship cranes, cable cars and ski lifts as well as Traction means on escalators.
  • the drive can be through both Friction over traction sheaves or Koeppe discs as well by rotating rope drums on which the rope was wound up will be done.
  • Under rope is a running, To understand driven rope, sometimes as a train or Support rope is called.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP99120587A 1998-10-23 1999-10-16 Geschlagenes Kunstfaserseil Expired - Lifetime EP0995832B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99120587A EP0995832B1 (de) 1998-10-23 1999-10-16 Geschlagenes Kunstfaserseil

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98811067 1998-10-23
EP98811067 1998-10-23
EP99120587A EP0995832B1 (de) 1998-10-23 1999-10-16 Geschlagenes Kunstfaserseil

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0995832A2 EP0995832A2 (de) 2000-04-26
EP0995832A3 EP0995832A3 (de) 2000-09-06
EP0995832B1 true EP0995832B1 (de) 2003-06-25

Family

ID=8236405

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99120587A Expired - Lifetime EP0995832B1 (de) 1998-10-23 1999-10-16 Geschlagenes Kunstfaserseil

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US6314711B1 (pt)
EP (1) EP0995832B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP4391640B2 (pt)
CN (1) CN1190551C (pt)
AR (1) AR020953A1 (pt)
AT (1) ATE243790T1 (pt)
AU (1) AU756246B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR9904960B1 (pt)
CA (1) CA2287080C (pt)
DE (1) DE59906075D1 (pt)
DK (1) DK0995832T3 (pt)
ES (1) ES2202984T3 (pt)
HK (1) HK1029149A1 (pt)
IL (1) IL132299A (pt)
NO (1) NO315524B1 (pt)
PT (1) PT995832E (pt)
TR (1) TR199902592A2 (pt)
ZA (1) ZA996632B (pt)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE47035E1 (en) 1998-12-31 2018-09-11 Otis Elevator Company Wedge clamp type termination for elevator tension member
US10472765B2 (en) 2014-11-05 2019-11-12 Teufelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh Rope made of textile fiber material

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TWI435970B (zh) 2006-09-29 2014-05-01 Inventio Ag 具有張力載體之扁平帶狀支撐驅動構件
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ES2575691T3 (es) * 2011-06-10 2016-06-30 Otis Elevator Company Miembro de tensión de elevador y método de producción
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WO2014033853A1 (ja) * 2012-08-29 2014-03-06 三菱電機株式会社 エレベータ用ロープ及びそれを用いたエレベータ装置
CN102935267B (zh) * 2012-11-29 2015-11-25 北京中安科创科技发展有限公司 高楼安全快速逃生用变径绳
CN105263842B (zh) * 2013-07-09 2018-10-23 三菱电机株式会社 电梯用绳索及使用该电梯用绳索的电梯装置
KR20170069275A (ko) * 2014-10-21 2017-06-20 슈테판 뉴홀트 공중 풍력 발전소를 위한 전기 에너지 송전 연결선
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AU2017268631B2 (en) 2016-12-02 2023-09-28 Otis Elevator Company Overbraided non-metallic tension members
AU2018202598A1 (en) * 2017-04-20 2018-11-08 Otis Elevator Company Tension member for elevator system belt
AU2018202605B2 (en) * 2017-04-20 2023-11-30 Otis Elevator Company Tension member for elevator system belt
JP7032083B2 (ja) * 2017-09-07 2022-03-08 株式会社日立製作所 エレベーター用主索、エレベーター
CN107700256A (zh) * 2017-10-12 2018-02-16 海瑞可（武汉）新材料有限公司 一种呈哑铃形电梯用牵引绳
CN107675533A (zh) * 2017-10-12 2018-02-09 海瑞可（武汉）新材料有限公司 一种新型电梯用牵引绳
RU2749526C1 (ru) * 2017-11-01 2021-06-11 Хэмпиджан Хф. Стойкий к усталости при изгибе составной трос
CN110333149B (zh) * 2019-07-31 2022-04-08 宇宙钢丝绳有限公司 一种钢绳扭转测量装置
CN113564944B (zh) * 2021-08-18 2023-03-31 郑州中远防务材料有限公司 一种复合绳索
WO2024013793A1 (ja) * 2022-07-11 2024-01-18 三菱電機株式会社 エレベーター用ロープ及びエレベーター装置

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DE3632298A1 (de) * 1986-09-23 1988-04-07 Saar Gmbh Drahtseilwerk Drahtseil fuer einen haengenden einsatz ueber eine grosse hoehendifferenz, insbesondere foerderkorbseil, tiefseeseil oder seilbahnseil
ATE154674T1 (de) 1993-03-05 1997-07-15 Inventio Ag Seilendverbindung für ein kunststoffseil
BR9500779A (pt) 1994-03-02 1995-10-24 Inventio Ag Cabo como meio de suporte para elevadores
US5881843A (en) * 1996-10-15 1999-03-16 Otis Elevator Company Synthetic non-metallic rope for an elevator
US5852926A (en) * 1997-08-25 1998-12-29 Wellington Leisure Products, Inc. Balanced strand cordage
US6068087A (en) * 1998-09-30 2000-05-30 Otis Elevator Company Belt-climbing elevator having drive in counterweight and common drive and suspension rope

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE47035E1 (en) 1998-12-31 2018-09-11 Otis Elevator Company Wedge clamp type termination for elevator tension member
US10472765B2 (en) 2014-11-05 2019-11-12 Teufelberger Fiber Rope Gmbh Rope made of textile fiber material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL132299A0 (en) 2001-03-19
BR9904960B1 (pt) 2009-08-11
BR9904960A (pt) 2000-08-01
DE59906075D1 (de) 2003-07-31
NO995172D0 (no) 1999-10-22
ATE243790T1 (de) 2003-07-15
TR199902592A3 (tr) 2000-10-23
JP4391640B2 (ja) 2009-12-24
TR199902592A2 (xx) 2000-10-23
US6314711B1 (en) 2001-11-13
ZA996632B (en) 2000-05-09
NO315524B1 (no) 2003-09-15
DK0995832T3 (da) 2003-10-20
CA2287080A1 (en) 2000-04-23
AU756246B2 (en) 2003-01-09
EP0995832A3 (de) 2000-09-06
IL132299A (en) 2003-10-31
CN1252468A (zh) 2000-05-10
EP0995832A2 (de) 2000-04-26
NO995172L (no) 2000-04-25
HK1029149A1 (en) 2001-03-23
PT995832E (pt) 2003-11-28
AR020953A1 (es) 2002-06-05
JP2000192378A (ja) 2000-07-11
ES2202984T3 (es) 2004-04-01
CA2287080C (en) 2007-04-10
CN1190551C (zh) 2005-02-23
AU5601199A (en) 2000-05-04

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