EP0987408A2 - Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage mit schwefelanreichernder Abgasreiningungskomponete und damit betreibbare Verbrennungsmotoranlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage mit schwefelanreichernder Abgasreiningungskomponete und damit betreibbare Verbrennungsmotoranlage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0987408A2 EP0987408A2 EP99114565A EP99114565A EP0987408A2 EP 0987408 A2 EP0987408 A2 EP 0987408A2 EP 99114565 A EP99114565 A EP 99114565A EP 99114565 A EP99114565 A EP 99114565A EP 0987408 A2 EP0987408 A2 EP 0987408A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- sulfur
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- enriching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 49
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
- F01N3/222—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives using electric valves only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0878—Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
- F02D41/028—Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
- F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/04—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1612—SOx amount trapped in catalyst
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine system according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an internal combustion engine system operable with such a method according to the preamble of claim 8.
- Systems of this type are used in particular in motor vehicles and contain an exhaust gas cleaning component in which during of the plant enriches sulfur contained in the fuel.
- Such sulfur-enriching exhaust gas cleaning components can in particular be nitrogen oxide (NO x ) storage catalysts or so-called sulfur traps.
- the sulfur-enriching exhaust gas cleaning component requires desulfation in order to free it from the accumulated sulfur, which is usually in sulfate form.
- sulfur poisoning of NO x storage catalysts reduces their storage capacity.
- desulfation takes place preferably at elevated exhaust gas temperatures and rich exhaust gas compositions.
- the published patent application DE 195 22 165 A1 discloses a further method of this type with periodic desulfation of a NO x storage catalytic converter during ongoing engine operation when the storage capacity is recognized to be decreasing, as well as an internal combustion engine system in this regard, with activation of a respective desulfation phase to a richer engine air ratio and a later one
- the ignition timing for the respective engine cylinder is changed and secondary air is also fed into the exhaust line upstream of the NO x storage catalytic converter. This is preferably done in such a way that the catalyst temperature is adjusted to a desired, increased desired value during the desulfation, which is maintained for a predeterminable period of time.
- the invention is a technical problem of providing a method and an internal combustion engine system of the beginning mentioned type, in which excessive sulfur accumulation in a sulfur-enriching exhaust gas cleaning component is avoided by appropriate desulfation processes, which affect the normal engine operation as little as possible and cause no significant additional fuel consumption.
- the invention solves this problem by providing a Operating method with the features of claim 1 and one Internal combustion engine system with the features of claim 8 or 9.
- the internal combustion engine mostly not primarily anyway to minimize fuel consumption
- Operated criteria as for a normal operating mode can be used with the engine warmed up, e.g. first trying in a catalyst heating mode, existing Exhaust gas cleaning components, in particular one or more exhaust gas catalytic converter units, to operating temperature as quickly as possible bring to.
- the internal combustion engine for example, can also do this not operated in the so-called, fuel-efficient stratified charge mode be, and are appropriate catalyst heating measures Also useful for engines with direct injection.
- the motor Catalyst heating measures for example the setting a rich engine air ratio
- the motor measures for desulfation correspond to the sulfur-enriching exhaust gas cleaning component
- the time intervals, a next desulfation process at the latest is necessary, typically noticeably larger than the time intervals consecutive cold starts, the cold start desulfation phases are sufficient generally to achieve a timely and sufficient desulfurization without additional Desulfation processes with the engine warmed up are necessary. This will not normal engine operation disturbed and associated fuel consumption avoided.
- An operating method developed according to claim 4 is suitable for internal combustion engine systems which have an oxidation catalytic converter unit in the exhaust line downstream of the sulfur-enriching exhaust gas purification component, ie one with an oxidizing function, such as a three-way catalytic converter or a NO x storage catalytic converter.
- secondary air is fed into the exhaust line for the oxidation catalyst unit during the desulfation, ie directly into this or into the exhaust line section between it and the currently desorbing, sulfur-enriching exhaust gas cleaning component. This allows both carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons to be oxidized, as well as hydrogen sulfide which may arise during the desulfation.
- An operating method developed according to claim 5 is suitable for internal combustion engine systems with two or more serial successive, sulfur-enriching emission control units.
- the sulfur-enriching exhaust gas purification units in desulfation mode one after the other desulfurized, in a direction corresponding to the exhaust gas flow direction Sequence.
- This desulfation process is carried out by accompanied by a secondary air supply, with the secondary air in each case only downstream from that sulfur-enriching Exhaust gas purification unit is fed into the exhaust line, which is just desulfurized.
- the method according to a cold start activation the catalyst heating mode and then which includes the desulfation mode is advantageous the engine air ratio in desulfation mode set slightly bold, i.e. more fuel-rich than the stoichiometric Ratio, but less fuel than in catalyst heating mode, which has a positive effect on fuel consumption.
- the internal combustion engine system according to claim 8 includes at least two sulfur-enriching series connected in the exhaust line Exhaust gas purification units and secondary air supply means, each with its own secondary air supply branch for the sulfur-enriching Atgas cleaning units included. So that is a targeted, procedural secondary air supply to the respective sulfur-enriching emission control component possible to for example, to bring them up to operating temperature more quickly or hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide contained in the supplied exhaust gas and / or to oxidize hydrogen sulfide.
- the internal combustion engine system includes downstream the sulfur-enriching exhaust gas purification component, the comprise one or more serial exhaust gas purification units can, an oxidation catalyst unit.
- the intended secondary air supply means comprise in addition to one or more secondary air supply branches for the sulfur-enriching exhaust gas cleaning component additionally its own secondary air supply branch for the oxidation catalyst unit, so that in this example during a desulfation process in the upstream, sulfur-enriching exhaust gas cleaning component formed Hydrogen sulfide can be oxidized.
- the internal combustion engine system shown in FIG. 1 which can be provided in particular for a motor vehicle, contains an internal combustion engine 1, to which an exhaust line 2 is connected on the output side.
- An exhaust gas cleaning system is assigned to the exhaust line 2, which comprises a sulfur-enriching exhaust gas cleaning component in the form of two series-connected NO x storage catalytic converters K1, K2 and a downstream three-way catalytic converter K3, which, among other things, has an oxidizing function and thus functions as an oxidation catalytic converter unit.
- a bypass line 3 in which a controllable valve 4 is connected, the two NO x storage catalysts can be bypassed if necessary.
- the two NO x storage catalytic converters K1, K2 are used to periodically adsorb nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas and to desorb them again for conversion, for example by exhaust gas recirculation or a catalytic reduction, as is known per se and therefore no further explanation and graphic representation here requirement.
- the exhaust gas purification system also contains desulfating agents in order to be able to free the NO x storage catalysts K1, K2 from the enriched sulfur, more precisely from the sulfate which has a poisoning effect on the nitrogen oxide adsorption function.
- desulfating agents comprise secondary air supply means in the form of a secondary air line L1 with associated secondary air pump 5.
- the secondary air line L1 branches downstream of the pump 5 into three line branches L2, L3, L4, one of which branches L2 into a first exhaust line section 2a between engine 1 and the upstream NO x storage catalytic converter K1, a second line branch L3 open into a second exhaust line section 2b between the two NO x storage catalytic converters K1, K2 and a third line branch L4 into a third exhaust gas section section 2c between the downstream NO x storage catalytic converter K2 and the three-way catalytic converter K3.
- Each line branch L2, L3, L4 can be opened and closed by means of an associated, controllable valve 6, 7, 8.
- the desulfating agents comprise a desulfating control unit, which preferably as a corresponding one Control part integrated in software or hardware in an engine control unit is that the engine 1 and the other components of the Exhaust gas cleaning system 2 controls. So much for the related components 1 are not shown to the person skilled in the art common, conventional components are used.
- the control units are to be designed so that they Entire internal combustion engine system according to that explained below Can operate procedures. The implementation of these operational steps for example in the engine control unit is known to a person skilled in the art without knowledge of these process steps further possible, so that it is not discussed here are needed.
- FIG. 2 An example of the operating method according to the invention for the internal combustion engine system of FIG. 1 is illustrated in diagram form in FIG. 2.
- the process example shows schematically the time-dependent operating sequence in the event of a cold start.
- the vehicle speed v Fzg , the exhaust gas temperature T, the air / fuel ratio ⁇ and the secondary air mass mL, that is to say the secondary air quantity fed into the exhaust line 2 by the secondary air supply means, are reproduced in their time course in four superimposed diagrams.
- a first phase A which is very short in time, an engine start is triggered when the engine 1 is cold, ie the vehicle speed v Fzg is zero and the exhaust gas temperature T is at ambient temperature.
- the operation is set to a catalyst heating mode in a subsequent phase B.
- Appropriate engine control measures and secondary air supply cause the exhaust gas temperature to rise as quickly as possible in order to quickly bring the exhaust gas cleaning system, especially the exhaust gas catalytic converters K1, K2, K3, up to operating temperature.
- the air / fuel mixture supplied to engine 1 is set to rich, that is to say to a lambda value of less than one, as shown on a corresponding, continuous line ⁇ M of the engine air ratio.
- secondary air is fed into the upstream exhaust line section 2a via the first line branch L2, as shown by a corresponding, drawn, drawn, secondary air characteristic curve m L2 .
- the other two secondary air line branches L3, L4 remain closed.
- the secondary air supply in the exhaust line section 2a leading from the engine 1 leads to a lean exhaust gas composition, ie the lambda values ⁇ K1 , ⁇ K2 and ⁇ K3 in the three catalyst units K1, K2, K3 are above the stoichiometric value one, as in FIG dashed curve ⁇ K1 , the solid curve ⁇ K2 and the dash-dotted curve ⁇ K3 shown. As further shown in FIG.
- the exhaust gas temperature T K2 upstream of the downstream NO x storage catalytic converter and the exhaust gas temperature T K3 upstream of the three-way catalytic converter K3 increase to a somewhat lesser extent, the three-way catalytic converter K3 at the end of the heating phase B having its starting temperature for the oxidation of unburned Has reached hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
- a speed characteristic curve v F the vehicle is started in the last half of heating phase B.
- the catalyst heating mode B is switched to a desulfation mode which includes two successive desulfation phases C, D.
- engine operation is primarily set to desulfate the upstream NO x storage catalytic converter K1.
- the supply of secondary air is shut off via the first line branch L2 to this NO x storage catalytic converter K1, ie the associated air mass characteristic curve m L2 drops to zero.
- a secondary air supply can be provided in this operating phase with essentially the same effect only via the third line branch L4 for the three-way catalytic converter K3 or via the second and third line branches L3, L4.
- the duration of the desulfation phase C for the upstream NO x storage catalytic converter is determined using a model calculation with regard to the sulfur poisoning.
- This model-based estimate of the sulfur content in the NO x storage catalytic converter to be desorbed at the beginning is used as the decisive influencing variables, the fuel consumed and its sulfur content, as well as the evaluation of natural desulfation processes, such as may have occurred during a previous normal operating driving phase with the engine warmed up, by at times the conditions were favorable. This is the case, for example, with freeway and full-load operating phases.
- a sensory diagnosis of the NO x storage state can be provided.
- the second desulfation phase D in which primarily the next NO x storage catalytic converter K2 in the exhaust gas flow direction is desulfated.
- the secondary air supply via the second line branch L3 for this downstream NO x storage catalytic converter K2 is ended, ie the associated characteristic curve m L3 drops to zero.
- the supply of secondary air via the third line branch L4 for the three-way catalytic converter K3 is started at the latest, as shown in FIG. 2 on the basis of an associated third air mass characteristic m L4 .
- the engine air ratio ⁇ M remains unchanged in the slightly rich range.
- the catalytic converter air ratio ⁇ K2 for the NO x storage catalytic converter K2 now to be desulphated falls from the previously lean to the slightly rich range, as is favorable for the desulphation process.
- the catalytic converter air ratio ⁇ K3 in the three-way catalytic converter K3, on the other hand, remains in the lean range, so that the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and, if appropriate, hydrogen sulfide formed during the desulfation is also ensured there.
- the internal combustion engine system is switched over to normal operation for a next phase E, ie to operation optimized for fuel consumption and engine power.
- the engine air ratio ⁇ M is set as lean as possible in this normal operation.
- Nitrogen oxides generated in the engine are adsorbed by the NO x storage catalytic converters K1, K2.
- they are subjected to a desorption process in a conventional manner, for which purpose the secondary air supply means can also be activated if necessary.
- the operating method according to the invention can also be used Absence of a secondary air supply can be applied, provided it exhaust gas emissions from unburned hydrocarbons and Allow carbon monoxide in the cold start phase.
- the appropriate one Operating conditions are then determined solely by operational control measures on engine 1 itself and without secondary air supply set in the exhaust system.
- the Engine with a rich exhaust gas mixture during the cold start phase supplied so that on the one hand rapid catalyst heating and on the other hand a desulfurization of the sulfur-enriching Emission control component is reached.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein schematisches Blockdiagramm einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage und
- Fig. 2
- ein schematisches Betriebsablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Betrieb der Verbrennungsmotoranlage von Fig. 1.
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeuges, die einen Verbrennungsmotor (1) mit zugehörigem Abgasstrang (2), eine im Abgasstrang angeordnete, schwefelanreicherne Abgasreinigungskomponente (K1, K2) und Mittel zur Desulfatisierung der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente umfaßt, wobeider Betrieb der Verbrennungsmotoranlage zu vorgebbaren Zeitpunkten auf einen Desulfatisierungsmodus eingestellt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßder Betrieb der Verbrennungsmotoranlage jeweils im Anschluß an eine Kaltstartaktivierung des Verbrennungsmotors vor Übergang in einen Normalbetriebsmodus auf den Desulfatisierungsmodus eingestellt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiter
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der Betrieb der Verbrennungsmotoranlage nach einer jeweiligen Motorkaltstartaktivierung zunächst auf einen Katalysatorheizmodus zur Aufheizung der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente eingestellt und dann auf den Desulfatisierungsmodus umgestellt wird, wenn die Temperatur der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente einen vorgebbaren Entschwefelungsmindestwert überschritten hat. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage, die des weiteren Mittel zur Sekundärluftzuführung an einer oder mehreren Stellen des Abgasstrangs (2) beinhaltet, weiter
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
im Katalysatorheizmodus Sekundärluft in die schwefelanreichernde Abgasreinigungskomponente oder den Abgasstrangabschnitt stromaufwärts davon zugeführt und diese Sekundärzuluftfuhr bei Umstellung auf den Desulfatisierungsmodus beendet wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage, die des weiteren Mittel zur Sekundärluftzuführung an einer oder mehreren Stellen des Abgasstrangs (2) und stromabwärts der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente (K1, K2) eine Oxidationskatalysatoreinheit (K3) beinhaltet, weiter
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
im Desulfatisierungsmodus Sekundärluft in die Oxidationskatalysatoreinheit oder in den Abgasstrangabschnitt zwischen der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente und der Oxidationskatalysatoreinheit zugeführt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4 zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage, die des weiteren Mittel zur Sekundärluftzuführung an einer oder mehreren Stellen des Abgasstrangs (2) beinhaltet und bei der die schwefelanreichernde Abgasreinigungskomponente mehrere seriell in den Abgasstrang geschaltete Abgasreinigungseinheiten (K1, K2) umfaßt, weiter
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungseinheiten (K1, K2) im Desulfatisierungsmodus in Abgasströmungsrichtung nacheinander in einer jeweils zugehörigen Desulfatisierungsphase desulfatisiert werden, wobei während der jeweiligen Desulfatisierungsphase Sekundärluft in den Abgasstrang ausschließlich an einer oder mehreren Stellen stromabwärts der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungseinheit, die momentan desulfatisiert wird, zugeführt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, weiter
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis (λM) des den Verbrennungsmotor (1) zugeführten Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemischs im Desulfatisierungsmodus kraftstoffreicher als der stöchiometrische Wert und kraftstoffärmer als im Katalysatorheizmodus gewählt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, weiter
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Dauer des jeweiligen Desulfatisierungsmodus aus einer sensorischen Überwachung des Speicherzustands der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente und/oder einer modellbasierten Schätzung der gespeicherten Schwefelmenge ermittelt wird, wobei die Schätzung wenigstens in Abhängigkeit vom verbrauchten Kraftstoff und dessen Schwefelgehalt sowie von während eines vorangegangenen Normalbetriebsmodus eventuell stattgefundenen, natürlichen Desulfatisierungsprozessen erfolgt. - Verbrennungsmotoranlage, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, miteinem Verbrennungsmotor (1) mit zugehörigem Abgasstrang (2),einer im Abgasstrang angeordneten, schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente (K1, K2) undMitteln zur Desulfatisierung der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente, die Sekundärluftzufuhrmittel umfassen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßdie schwefelanreichernde Abgasreinigungskomponente wenigstens zwei seriell in den Abgasstrang geschaltete Abgasreinigungseinheiten (K1, K2) beinhaltet unddie Sekundärluftzufuhrmittel je einen eigenen Sekundärluftzufuhrzweig (L2, L3) für die schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungseinheiten aufweisen. - Verbrennungsmotoranlage, insbesondere nach Anspruch 8, miteinem Verbrennungsmotor (1) mit zugehörigem Abgasstrang (2),einer im Abgasstrang angeordneten, schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente (K1, K2) undMitteln zur Desulfatisierung der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente, die Sekundärluftzufuhrmittel umfassen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßstromabwärts der schwefelanreichernden Abgasreinigungskomponente (K1, K2) eine Oxidationskatalysatoreinheit (K3) vorgesehen ist unddie Sekundärluftzufuhrmittel mindestens je einen Sekundärluftzufuhrzweig (L2, L3; L4) für die schwefelanreichernde Abgasreinigungskomponente (K1, K2) einerseits und die Oxidationskatalysatoreinheit (K3) andererseits aufweisen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19842625 | 1998-09-17 | ||
DE19842625A DE19842625C2 (de) | 1998-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage mit schwefelanreichernder Abgasreinigungskomponente und damit betreibbare Verbrennungsmotoranlage |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0987408A2 true EP0987408A2 (de) | 2000-03-22 |
EP0987408A3 EP0987408A3 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
EP0987408B1 EP0987408B1 (de) | 2004-09-08 |
Family
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EP99114565A Expired - Lifetime EP0987408B1 (de) | 1998-09-17 | 1999-07-24 | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsmotoranlage mit schwefelanreichernder Abgasreiningungskomponete und damit betreibbare Verbrennungsmotoranlage |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6293094B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0987408B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19842625C2 (de) |
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FR2809137A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-20 | 2001-11-23 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Installation d'epuration des gaz d'echappement pour un moteur a combustion et procede de mise en oeuvre de processus de desulfatation |
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EP1167710A3 (de) * | 2000-07-01 | 2003-08-20 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erhöhung einer Katalysatortemperatur |
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EP1367245A3 (de) * | 2002-05-27 | 2006-06-14 | Volkswagen AG | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit NOx-Speicherkatalysator |
FR2921970A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-10 | Faurecia Sys Echappement | Ligne d'echappement de vehicule automobile equipee d'un piege a oxydes d'azote bipassable. |
DE102015219113A1 (de) * | 2015-10-02 | 2017-04-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung eines Verbrennungsmotors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19842625C2 (de) | 2003-03-27 |
US6293094B1 (en) | 2001-09-25 |
DE19842625A1 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
DE59910440D1 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
EP0987408B1 (de) | 2004-09-08 |
EP0987408A3 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
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