EP0985009B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beheizung eines drehrohrofens zur vergasung und zur pyrolyse von organischen substanzen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beheizung eines drehrohrofens zur vergasung und zur pyrolyse von organischen substanzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0985009B1
EP0985009B1 EP98924060A EP98924060A EP0985009B1 EP 0985009 B1 EP0985009 B1 EP 0985009B1 EP 98924060 A EP98924060 A EP 98924060A EP 98924060 A EP98924060 A EP 98924060A EP 0985009 B1 EP0985009 B1 EP 0985009B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
rotary kiln
gas
radiation heat
organic material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98924060A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0985009A1 (de
Inventor
Ole Kristensen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
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Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00—Retorts
    • C10B1/10—Rotary retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for heating a rotary kiln for gasification and pyrolysis of organic material.
  • a heating of the material is usually performed by means of a heating medium being caused to transfer heat to the material without direct contact, whereby the organic material is decomposed into pyrolytic gas and coke, subsequently usable for different purposes.
  • a heating medium being caused to transfer heat to the material without direct contact, whereby the organic material is decomposed into pyrolytic gas and coke, subsequently usable for different purposes.
  • the cold organic material is supplied at one end and is heated during its flow through the rotary kiln, ultimately leaving the rotary kiln at the opposite end in the form of hot pyrolytic gas and coke.
  • the heating of the rotary kiln is usually performed by supplying a heating medium like e.g. hot flue gas to a jacket surrounding the rotary kiln or to a bundle of tubes, positioned longitudinally in the rotary kiln, through which the heating medium is circulated.
  • a heating medium like e.g. hot flue gas
  • the heating medium possessing a high temperature when introduced into the system is gradually cooled, the heat being transferred through the wall of the rotary kiln or tubes, whereby the organic material is heated.
  • the heating medium is supplied with energy by burning a secondary fuel, or in certain circumstances by burning the pyrolytic gas, in an external combustion process.
  • the pyrolytic gas generated by pyrolysis contains major amounts of condensable material which means that parts of the gas will condensate, if the temperature decreases during the removal of the gas from the plant. Often it is not sufficient to lead the gas away in isolated tubes and accordingly, it has been suggested to heat these tubes by means of a heating jacket, which however has appeared to lead to carbonization of parts of the pyrolytic gas, whereby the tubes are clogged by such carbonized material.
  • a rotary kiln for gasifying waste material in which oxidizing agent for combustion of the gases developed by the process is supplied via a lance positioned longitudinally and openly in the rotary kiln and in which the supply of oxidizing agent can be controlled over the length of the rotary kiln in order to control the temperature distribution.
  • This construction has a number of disadvantages.
  • the oxidizing agent can inadvertently come into direct contact with the waste material in such places, where sufficient gas production and temperature to maintain a flame are not present, e.g. at the infeed end for waste material. This means that oxidizing conditions will be present around the waste material with consequent risk of formation of toxic components and risk of gas explosions.
  • the flames radiate directly onto the waste material and may hit the waste material resulting in the risk of local overheating and consequently unwanted reactions.
  • the liberation of gas from the waste material will be unevenly distributed over the length of the rotary kiln and with varying calorific value and composition in such a way that it will hardly be possible to control the combustion and thereby the heat production via the separate nozzles.
  • EP-523,858-A1 shows a rotary kiln for heat processing scrap material such as aluminium can scrap.
  • the scrap material is partly heated by radiation and partly by direct contact with a hot gas.
  • the heating energy is generated externally in an after-burner, receiving the gases exhausted from the rotary kiln.
  • the after-burner comprises a gas-fuelled or other burner head providing a temperature in the after-burner chamber at which temperature the exhaust gases are broken down.
  • the gases leaving the after-burner chamber are partly recirculated through the radiation heat exchanger partly led off for after-treatment and eventual disposal.
  • the led off gases are not intended to contain any combustible products and the only control of the temperature in the described system is the control of the temperature of the gases entering the heat exchanger, without any possibility of controlling the temperature distribution along the length of the rotary kiln.
  • a controlled temperature distribution in the rotary kiln which can be adapted to optimum operation conditions for the desired gasification and pyrolysis, can be achieved.
  • the energy supply to the radiation heat exchanger is preferably provided by combustion of a combustible gas inside the radiation heat exchanger, this combustible gas preferably being the pyrolytic gas provided by gasification and pyrolysis of the organic material, preferably being led through the inside of the radiation heat exchanger in opposite flow direction of the flow direction of the organic material inside the rotary kiln, the pyrolytic gas preferably being supplied with a controlled amount of combustion air, preferably being controlled with respect to both amount and position for the supply of the combustion air, in such a way that the energy supply can be controlled over the length of the radiation heat exchanger.
  • this combustible gas preferably being the pyrolytic gas provided by gasification and pyrolysis of the organic material, preferably being led through the inside of the radiation heat exchanger in opposite flow direction of the flow direction of the organic material inside the rotary kiln
  • the pyrolytic gas preferably being supplied with a controlled amount of combustion air, preferably being controlled with respect to both amount and position for the
  • the combustion air is preferably supplied to the pyrolytic gas via an air lance comprising suitable air nozzles over the length of the lance in such a way that a suitable distribution of the energy supply over the length of the radiation heat exchanger is achieved.
  • the air lance can be mounted axially movable inside the radiation heat exchanger in order to control the position for supply of energy to the radiation heat exchanger.
  • the plant is provided with a preheating arrangement for starting up the plant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plant in accordance with the invention which is suitable to carry out the method in accordance with the invention.
  • the plant shown in Fig. 1 comprises a rotary kiln 1 which is isolated and lined, in order to maintain constant temperatures in the rotary kiln during the operation thereof.
  • the rotary kiln 1 is connected to an isolated and lined reversing chamber 5.
  • the organic material to be gasified and pyrolised inside the rotary kiln 1 is supplied at the inlet end of the rotary kiln 1 by means of a feeding system 4, the further advancement of the organic material being provided by means of the rotation of the rotary kiln 1.
  • a radiation heat exchanger 2 is positioned directly connected to the gas discharge tube 9.
  • An air lance 3 is mounted axially movable inside the radiation heat exchanger 2.
  • Air 10 is supplied via one end of the air lance 3 and is blown out through air nozzles 7 which are positioned in the outer wall of the air lance and distributed over the length of the air lance.
  • the air lance 3 may be constructed with separate channels connected to separate air nozzles 7, debouching into different zones inside the radiation heat exchanger 2.
  • the control of the position of supply of combustion air inside the radiation heat exchanger 2 may be performed by the axial displacement of the air lance 3 and by controlling the amount of supplied air 10, the distribution of the air nozzles 7 over the air lance may in advance be adapted to the optimal distribution of the energy supplied to the radiation heat exchanger 2.
  • the embodiment of the plant in accordance with the invention shown in Fig. 1 comprises an oil or gas burner 6 positioned in the reversing chamber in order to start up the gasification and pyrolysis process.
  • this preheating system 6 When starting up the plant, this preheating system 6 is started and the heat therefrom is sucked into the radiation heat exchanger 2, thereby being heated and liberating its heat to the rotary kiln 1.
  • organic material When the desired operation temperature has been reached, organic material is supplied to the rotary kiln 1. The organic material is then heated, partly by direct radiation from the radiation heat exchanger 2, partly by contacting the hot lining of the rotary kiln 1 which is continuously heated by the radiation heat exchanger 2. When the organic material is heated, the volatile constituents are liberated as pyrolytic gas 8.
  • the pyrolitic gas 8 is sucked out of the rotary kiln 1 and in through the radiation heat exchanger 2 and onwards to the outlet 9 for pyrolytic gas.
  • air 10 By adding air 10 through the air nozzles 7 of an air lance 3, a partial combustion of the pyrolytic gas 8 will be induced.
  • the pyrolytic gas may ignite spontaneously by adding air and depending on the amount and position of the air supply the radiation heat exchanger 2 will be heated to a certain extent.
  • the preheating system 6 may be turned off and the control of the temperature of the rotary kiln 1 can then be provided alone by partial combustion of a greater or lesser part of the produced pyrolytic gas 8.
  • the radiation heat exchanger 2 may be supplied with energy in another way than by combustion of part of the pyrolytic gas, although this is preferred, and as mentioned above gives the further advantages that the pyrolytic gas is heated to avoid condensation and the more condensable parts of the pyrolytic gas being burned first, whereby the tendency of condensation of parts of the pyrolytic gas is further reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Drehrohrofens (1), der zum Vergasen und zur Pyrolyse von organischem Material ausgelegt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorgesehen sind
    Zufuhr der Energie zum Erhitzen des Drehrohrofens (1) mit Hilfe eines Strahlungswärmetauschers (2) in Form eines rohrförmigen, gasdichten Wärmetauschers (2), der im Inneren und in Längsrichtung in dem Drehrohrofen (1) angeordnet ist,
    Erzeugung der Energie im Inneren des Wärmetauschers (2) durch gesteuerte Verbrennung eines brennbaren Gases im Inneren des Wärmetauschers (2),
    Übertragung der erzeugten Energie an den Drehrohrofen (1) und das darin befindliche organische Material durch Strahlung von der Außenoberfläche des Wärmetauschers (2), und
    Steuern der Verbrennung über die Länge des Wärmetauschers (2), um eine Temperaturverteilung im Inneren des Drehrohrofens (1) zu erreichen, die für die gewünschte Vergasung und Pyrolyse optimiert ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pyrolysegas, das durch Vergasung und Pyrolyse des organischen Materials erzeugt wird, als das brennbare Gas für die Energiezufuhr zu dem Strahlungswärmetauscher (2) verwendet wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Zufuhr der Gesamtmenge an erzeugtem Pyrolysegas (8) durch das Innere des Strahlungswärmetauschers (2) erfolgt, und eine Verbrennung eines Teils dieses Pyrolysegases (8) im Inneren des Strahlungswärmetauschers (2) zur Energiezufuhr zu diesem, wobei die Steuerung durch Hinzufügung von Verbrennungsluft zu dem Pyrolysegas (8) erfolgt, gesteuert und verteilt über die Länge des Strahlungswärmetauschers (2).
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch die Steuerung der teilweisen Verbrennung des Pyrolysegases (8) mittels Steuerung sowohl der Menge an Verbrennungsluft als auch der Position zum Zuführen von Verbrennungsluft.
  5. Anlage zum Vergasen und zur Pyrolyse von organischem Material, die einen Drehrohrofen (1) aufweist, eine Vorrichtung (4) zum Zuführen von organischem Material zum Drehrohrofen (1), eine Heizvorrichtung (2) zum Erhitzen des organischen Materials im Inneren des Drehrohrofens (1), und eine Vorrichtung (9) zum Entfernen des erzeugten Pyrolysegases (8), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizvorrichtung (2) als Strahlungswärmetauscher (2) aufgebaut ist, in Form eines rohrförmigen, gasdichten Wärmetauschers (2), der im Inneren und in Längsrichtung in dem Drehrohrofen (1) angeordnet ist, und dass die dem Strahlungswärmetauscher (2) zugeführte Energie durch Verbrennung eines brennbaren Gases im Inneren des Wärmetauschers (2) zur Verfügung gestellt wird, und an dem Drehrohrofen (1) und das organische Material in diesem durch Strahlung von der äußeren Oberfläche des Wärmetauschers (2) übertragen wird, und durch eine Vorrichtung zum Steuern der Verbrennung des brennbaren Gases über die Länge des Wärmetauschers (2).
  6. Anlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende des Strahlungswärmetauschers (2), das am nächsten der Vorrichtung (4) zur Zufuhr organischen Materials in den Drehrohrofen (1) angeordnet ist, mit der Vorrichtung (9) zum Ausstoßen des erzeugten Pyrolysegases verbunden ist, und dass das entgegengesetzte Ende des Strahlungswärmetauschers (2) in offener Verbindung mit einer Umkehrkammer (5) steht, die durch das Auslassende des Drehrohrofens (1) zur Verfügung gestellt wird, wodurch das erzeugte Pyrolysegas (8) durch das Innere des Strahlungswärmetauschers (2) zugeführt wird, und dass die Anlage weiterhin eine Luftlanze (3) zur gesteuerten Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft (10) für das Pyrolysegas (8) aufweist, das durch den Strahlungswärmetauscher (2) zugeführt wird.
  7. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Luftlanze (3) axialbeweglich im Inneren des Strahlungswärmetauschers (2) angebracht ist.
  8. Anlage nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Luftlanze (3) mit Luftdüsen (7) versehen ist, die über die Länge der Luftlanze (3) verteilt sind, zum Zuführen von Verbrennungsluft zur Verbrennung eines Teils des Pyrolysegases (8).
  9. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass weiterhin ein Vorheizsystem (6) zum Erhitzen des Drehrohrofens (1) beim Ingangsetzen der Anlage vorgesehen ist.
EP98924060A 1997-05-30 1998-05-26 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beheizung eines drehrohrofens zur vergasung und zur pyrolyse von organischen substanzen Expired - Lifetime EP0985009B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK63197 1997-05-30
DK63197 1997-05-30
PCT/DK1998/000213 WO1998054273A1 (en) 1997-05-30 1998-05-26 Method and apparatus for heating a rotary kiln designed for gasification and pyrolysis of organic material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0985009A1 EP0985009A1 (de) 2000-03-15
EP0985009B1 true EP0985009B1 (de) 2003-04-02

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EP98924060A Expired - Lifetime EP0985009B1 (de) 1997-05-30 1998-05-26 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur beheizung eines drehrohrofens zur vergasung und zur pyrolyse von organischen substanzen

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP0985009B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE236232T1 (de)
AU (1) AU7639198A (de)
DE (1) DE69812932T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0985009T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2196561T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1998054273A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2948448B1 (fr) 2009-07-21 2014-01-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Four tournant pour traitement thermique radiatif de materiaux solides
NZ596549A (en) * 2011-11-21 2014-05-30 Carbonscape Ltd Apparatus and method for processing biomass
CN114231304A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-25 厦门大学 一种内循环生物质炭化装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4734166A (en) * 1987-02-05 1988-03-29 Angelo Ii James F Furnace for the selective incineration or carbonization of waste materials
TW221462B (de) * 1991-06-28 1994-03-01 Stein Atkinson Strody Ltd
DE59508953D1 (de) * 1994-09-29 2001-02-15 Von Roll Umwelttechnik Ag Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Abfallmaterial, insbesondere Müll

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0985009A1 (de) 2000-03-15
ES2196561T3 (es) 2003-12-16
DE69812932T2 (de) 2003-12-24
DK0985009T3 (da) 2003-04-22
ATE236232T1 (de) 2003-04-15
WO1998054273A1 (en) 1998-12-03
DE69812932D1 (de) 2003-05-08
AU7639198A (en) 1998-12-30

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