EP0972998B1 - Ensemble collecteur pour radiateurs de chauffage ou de réfrigeration - Google Patents

Ensemble collecteur pour radiateurs de chauffage ou de réfrigeration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0972998B1
EP0972998B1 EP99113520A EP99113520A EP0972998B1 EP 0972998 B1 EP0972998 B1 EP 0972998B1 EP 99113520 A EP99113520 A EP 99113520A EP 99113520 A EP99113520 A EP 99113520A EP 0972998 B1 EP0972998 B1 EP 0972998B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow
heating
cooling element
element according
return
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99113520A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0972998A2 (fr
EP0972998A3 (fr
Inventor
Josef Maier
Manfred Artinger
Peter Pisinger
Markus Obieglo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kermi GmbH
Original Assignee
Kermi GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7874322&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0972998(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kermi GmbH filed Critical Kermi GmbH
Priority to EP05008269A priority Critical patent/EP1553363B1/fr
Publication of EP0972998A2 publication Critical patent/EP0972998A2/fr
Publication of EP0972998A3 publication Critical patent/EP0972998A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0972998B1 publication Critical patent/EP0972998B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/0002—Means for connecting central heating radiators to circulation pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/0002—Means for connecting central heating radiators to circulation pipes
    • F24D19/0017—Connections between supply and inlet or outlet of central heating radiators
    • F24D19/0024—Connections for plate radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F28F9/262—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating or cooling body of the genus, as they is designated by the preamble of claim 1.
  • the Invention convection heating or cooling body, which also convectors to be named.
  • Such convectors usually one or more parallel heating plates which in turn consist of substantially horizontally extending hollow plates (Flat heating tubes) are formed, direct the heating or cooling of a Supply connection via the hollow plates to a return port, wherein at the Heating plate or between several hotplates mostly convector blades are the Convection chimneys form to the heated or cooled air in a certain Direction (usually up or down) to derive and thereby one make continuous heat exchange via the air flow.
  • Flat heating tubes substantially horizontally extending hollow plates
  • a generic heating or Heat sink in such a way that it has a high functionality and a reliable optimized heat or cold transmission allowed.
  • the inventive design of the distribution of the heating or cooling medium in Convector body advantageously offers the possibility of the supply and return connections depending on your liking to different places of the heating or cooling body lay.
  • the arrangement of separate distribution channels, as proposed by the invention will increase the flexibility in design options for one Konvektor emotions.
  • a particularly compact arrangement can be achieved if the flow connection via a through the return section of a first distribution channel passing through the pipe with the flow section of a separate distribution channel connected is.
  • An externally appealing appearance is according to the invention then provided when the vertical end faces of the convector body in have substantial rectangular, separate distribution channels, a lateral Provide completion.
  • the invention further relates to a spacer, in particular for Production of hollow plates for a heating or cooling body is used.
  • a spacer in particular for Production of hollow plates for a heating or cooling body is used.
  • hollow plates need spacers inserted between the flat portions of the hollow plates to be bent together be used to prevent the cavity is pressed during processing.
  • round disks are used in the prior art, the flow openings exhibit.
  • round discs are critical in that they possibly slip during the manufacturing process and so their function as a spacer can no longer maintain.
  • the invention solves the above problem by providing a spacer, one attachable to the front side of the hollow plate sections Anberichteil and of this projecting spacers, which in the cavity of the hollow plates protrude and in particular have a height that the inner spacing of the hollow plate parts essentially corresponds.
  • the spacer according to the invention protrude from a trained as AnMiteil, substantially flat, the end cross-section the hollow plate in the form corresponding plate at least one, preferably two fork-like protruding spacer strips.
  • the convector body 10 has four hollow plates 1, 2, 3 on each of its flat sides and 4, which transport a heating medium as flat heating pipes. Between Hollow slabs are arranged convector lamellae 5, the chimneys for the convective Form air passage.
  • the convector body 10 has the distribution channel 12, while at the rear end of the distribution channel 17 is mounted.
  • the two Distribution channels are on the connecting tube 16 with the hollow plates 1 to 4 each in the frontal area in conjunction.
  • the attachment between the connection tubes 16 and the connection points on the hollow plates for example be realized by resistance welding.
  • the rectangular distribution channel 12 is formed by a horizontally extending Bridge divided into two sections, namely a flow section 14 and a return section 15. This can be clearly seen in the cut-out area of FIG. 1.
  • the distribution channel 17, however, is formed as a continuous rectangular tube.
  • the return port 13 of the convector body In the lower region of the distribution channel 12, namely in the return section 15, is located the return port 13 of the convector body, while the flow section 14th having the flow connection 11.
  • FIG. 3 A particularly compact embodiment of a convector body 20 with a bottom-side flow connection is shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 3 For the Fig. 3 and in the other also applies to Figs. 4 to 9 that the same reference numerals or reference numerals Identical last digits denote components that correspond to those in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the convector body 20 of FIG. 3 has the same except for the manifold 22 Structure on, as that of Figs. 1 and 2, and he also has up to this Difference the same flow guide.
  • the convector body 20 is a radiator with a bottom-side flow connection 21.
  • This bottom-side flow connection 21st enters as a pipe through the return section 25 of the distribution channel 22 and opens up in the flow section 24, from where the heating medium then turn is passed to the top hollow plate 1.
  • the flow path is in the further the same as the convector body 10, i. the heating medium flows over the hollow plates 2, 3 and 4 back into the return section 25 and exits the return port 23 off.
  • With the implementation of the flow pipe 28 through the return section 25 space is saved inside the radiator and it can, for. B. more slats 5 are arranged.
  • the upper port 21 'in the flow section 24th can either be blind-flanged or provided with a breather.
  • Fig. 4 shows in a front and a rear end-side perspective view a convector body 30 according to a third embodiment.
  • This convector body 30 has at the connection end face shown on the left just over the lower hollow plates 2, 3 and 4 extending rectangular distribution channel 32, the overall only forms a return section.
  • On the back shown on the right Venting front side extends a rectangular distribution channel 37 over all Hollow plates.
  • the convector body 30 shown here is a radiator, the bottom side both the supply port 38 and the return port 33 has.
  • the supply connection 38 leads as a pipe up to a commonly used fitting, the the heating medium distributed on both sides of the first hollow plate 1.
  • valve forms part of the convector body and is in particular dressed accordingly.
  • FIG. 5 A similar convector radiator 40 is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the difference from the convector body 30 of Fig. 4 is that on the terminal shown on the left front side the distribution channel 42 extends over all four hollow plates. This too Distribution channel 42 is below the top hollow plate by a not visible here Separating device separated. From the feed connection 48, a pipe leads behind the distribution channel 42 in its upper flow area, while the return port 43 below is provided on the distribution channel 42. As can be seen from the right-hand illustration, can here again on the opposite end both below a return 49th as well as above a vent port are provided.
  • the above embodiment can also be used as a convector heater with a center port be designed.
  • Fig. 6 is now an alternative embodiment of an inventive Convector radiator shown.
  • This radiator has (on both sides) a split lower hollow plate with a flow side 4a and a return side 4b.
  • the two Illustrations in Fig. 6 show the same heater 50; the upper illustration is only slightly tilted to the flow port 58 and the return port 59th to make visible.
  • the flow guide is in this radiator the following (see also the arrows):
  • the heating medium enters the first hollow plate half (supply half) 4a and is from there via the distribution channel 52nd introduced into the upper hollow plates 1, 2 and 3, where it is opposite to the direction flows, which is indicated on the hollow plate half 4a.
  • the distribution channel 52 is not shared, i.
  • the role of the separate flow section taken from the hollow plate half 4a itself.
  • the heating medium After flowing through the hollow plates 1, 2 and 3, the heating medium enters the rear distribution channel 57 and is from there down into the hollow plate half 4b, which forms a return half.
  • the return port 59 is connected to the Hollow plate half 4b connected and redirects the heating medium from the radiator out.
  • FIG. 7 corresponds to the basic flow guidance shown in FIG. 6 illustrated embodiment.
  • the heater 60 of FIG. 7, however, is a Radiator with three heating plates, each consisting of continuous hollow plates 1, 2 and 3 are formed.
  • the lower hollow plate of the front heating plate is in turn in the Forward and return halves 4a and 4b divided so that the already with reference to FIG .. 6 discussed flow is achieved.
  • the radiator has 60 but instead of the rectangular distribution channels pipe distributor 62 and 67 with usual fittings.
  • This radiator 60 has the bottom connections 68 (flow) and 69 (Rewind).
  • Fig. 8 shows again an embodiment of a radiator 80, with respect to the flow guide corresponds to that shown in Fig. 1.
  • This radiator 80 differs from the radiator 10 shown in FIG. 1 in that instead of the rectangular distribution channels now used manifold 82 and 87 become.
  • the return section 82 has a downwardly outgoing Return port 83 and extends to return the heating medium over the three lower hollow plates 2, 3 and 4.
  • the rear manifold 87 connects all four hollow plates 1 to 4 together.
  • the embodiment of the radiator 90 according to FIG. 9 corresponds in principle completely the one shown in Fig. 8, with the difference that here radiator shown only two superimposed hollow plates 1 and 2 on each side.
  • the heating medium flows from the supply port 91 through the Hollow plate 1 and is via the return pipe manifold 97 through the hollow plate. 2 passed back to the return port 93, which in turn down to the ground going on.
  • the Heating tube spacer assembly is provided with the reference numeral 100.
  • she consists from a bent in the form of hollow plate piece 1 and the spacers, the a closure plate 101 and fork-like spacers 102 have.
  • the end plates 101 are adapted in the manufacture of the end faces of the hollow plate 1 or set so that the fork-like spacers 102 into the cavity 103rd penetrate and as a spacer for the two side plates of the hollow plate. 1 can serve. These spacers can neither slip nor block them the flow through the hollow plate. 1
  • FIG. 11 shows a further training opportunity for the adjacent Hollow plates.
  • the hollow plates 1, 2 and 3 of the upper illustration and the two hollow plates Figures 1 and 2 in the lower illustration were by rolling with the aid of profile rollers manufactured in the form of closed heating registers.
  • the adjacent part A at a pitch of the hollow plate sections of about 70 mm, a width of about 10 mm.
  • Figures 12 and 13 illustrate a half shell construction of a convector body.
  • the convector body is in perspective view in different Section planes I, II and III shown.
  • the representation I shows the convector body in Half shell construction with the numbered from top to bottom flow channels. 1 to 5 uncut.
  • view II the front part of the convector body is in Section of the unions cut away, while the presentation III one more thing further cut convector body shows.
  • Half-shell convector body In conjunction with the unfolded view of such shown in Fig. 13 Half-shell convector body is now clear that this has heating plates, which composed of a front half-shell V and a rear half-shell H.
  • the front half-shell V has the convexly curved flow channels 1 to 5 on, while in the rear half shell H overflow channels U are provided which the Forward heating medium at suitable points from one flow channel to the other.
  • overflow channels U are also indicated in Fig. 12, wherein in section III it can be seen that at the points where the overflow channels U are present, the Passing heating medium from a flow channel in an adjacent flow channel can.
  • the desired flow guidance be generated, in particular a flow guide, as before has been described with reference to the embodiments shown so far.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération avec des conduites ou des plaques creuses orientées sensiblement à l'horizontale, un raccord d'arrivée (11) et un raccord de retour (13) ainsi qu'un ensemble collecteur pour le fluide de chauffage ou de réfrigération,
    a) dans lequel le raccord d'arrivée est raccordé à un côté d'entrée d'une première conduite ou plaque creuse (1, 4a), qui conduit le fluide de chauffage ou de réfrigération vers l'aval par son côté de sortie dans l'ensemble collecteur, d'où il est renvoyé par les conduites ou plaques creuses restantes vers le raccord de retour,
    caractérisé en ce que
    b) le raccord d'arrivée est raccordé directement à la première conduite ou plaque creuse en contournant l'ensemble collecteur.
  2. Radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente, à ses faces frontales verticales, des canaux collecteurs séparés (32, 37) sensiblement rectangulaires, dans lequel le premier canal collecteur (32) forme, sur le côté du point de raccordement du raccord d'arrivée (38), la section de retour des plaques creuses restantes (2, 3,4).
  3. Radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le raccord d'arrivée présente un tube (38) placé à côté de la section de retour du premier canal collecteur.
  4. Radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première plaque creuse (1) est une plaque creuse supérieure, en particulier la plaque creuse la plus haute, d'un côté du radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération.
  5. Radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une plaque creuse inférieure, divisée verticalement, en particulier au milieu, sur un côté du radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération, dans lequel le raccord d'arrivée (58) ou le raccord de retour (59) est chaque fois disposé dans la zone centrale du radiateur sur la moitié d'arrivée ou de retour (4a, 4b) de la plaque creuse divisée, et les extrémités respectives, situées sur les côtés frontaux, des moitiés de plaques creuses sont raccordées aux canaux collecteurs de préférence rectangulaires (52, 57) qui s'y étendent verticalement.
  6. Radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les conduites ou les plaques creuses sont disposées en face l'une de l'autre en un radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération à double face.
  7. Radiateur de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des lamelles de convecteur (5), qui forment de préférence des cheminées de convection, sont disposées sur les plaques creuses ou entre deux plaques creuses disposées en face l'une de l'autre.
  8. Radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un élément d'écartement pour la fabrication de plaques creuses (1), dans lequel l'élément d'écartement présente une pièce rapportée (101) applicable sur le côté frontal des sections de plaque creuse et des pièces d'écartement (102) saillantes sur celle-ci, qui pénètrent dans l'espace creux (103) des plaques creuses et ont en particulier une hauteur qui correspond sensiblement à la distance nominale entre les parties de plaque creuse.
  9. Radiateur de chauffage ou de réfrigération selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une, de préférence deux bandes d'écartement saillantes en forme de fourche (102) sont saillantes sur une plaque (101) du au moins un élément d'écartement constituant une pièce rapportée, sensiblement plate et correspondant à la forme de la section transversale frontale de la plaque creuse.
EP99113520A 1998-07-16 1999-07-05 Ensemble collecteur pour radiateurs de chauffage ou de réfrigeration Expired - Lifetime EP0972998B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05008269A EP1553363B1 (fr) 1998-07-16 1999-07-05 Ensemble collecteur pour radiateurs de chauffage ou de réfrigeration

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19832051A DE19832051C2 (de) 1998-07-16 1998-07-16 Heiz- bzw. Kühlkörper-Verteileranordnung
DE19832051 1998-07-16

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05008269A Division EP1553363B1 (fr) 1998-07-16 1999-07-05 Ensemble collecteur pour radiateurs de chauffage ou de réfrigeration
EP05008269.2 Division-Into 2005-04-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0972998A2 EP0972998A2 (fr) 2000-01-19
EP0972998A3 EP0972998A3 (fr) 2002-08-07
EP0972998B1 true EP0972998B1 (fr) 2005-08-31

Family

ID=7874322

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05008269A Expired - Lifetime EP1553363B1 (fr) 1998-07-16 1999-07-05 Ensemble collecteur pour radiateurs de chauffage ou de réfrigeration
EP99113520A Expired - Lifetime EP0972998B1 (fr) 1998-07-16 1999-07-05 Ensemble collecteur pour radiateurs de chauffage ou de réfrigeration

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05008269A Expired - Lifetime EP1553363B1 (fr) 1998-07-16 1999-07-05 Ensemble collecteur pour radiateurs de chauffage ou de réfrigeration

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1553363B1 (fr)
AT (2) ATE350628T1 (fr)
DE (3) DE19832051C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10113125A1 (de) * 2001-03-17 2002-09-19 Kermi Gmbh Heizkörper mit einer mittig angeordneten Ventilgarnitur
DE102006001618A1 (de) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-12 Arbonia Ag Radiator mit flachen Rohrelementen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102013218369A1 (de) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 Hans-Alfred Balg Niedrigst-Energie-Heizkörper
CZ32005U1 (cs) * 2018-03-12 2018-08-28 Korado, A.S. Univerzální otopné těleso

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH341292A (de) * 1955-08-17 1959-09-30 Runtal Holding Co Sa Verfahren zur Herstellung von Heizwänden sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Heizwand
CH436191A (fr) * 1965-08-03 1967-05-31 Runtal Holding Co Sa Procédé de fabrication d'un radiateur de chauffage ou de refroidissement et radiateur fabriqué d'après ce procédé
CH431872A (de) * 1965-11-17 1967-03-15 Zehnder Ag Geb Zentralheizungsradiator
DE2315737A1 (de) * 1973-03-27 1974-10-10 Liedelt Kg D F Heizkoerper fuer einrohrheizungsanlagen
CH654100A5 (de) * 1981-03-12 1986-01-31 Runtal Holding Co Sa Heizkoerper.
CH683126A5 (de) * 1991-06-25 1994-01-14 Runtal Holding Co Sa Heizrohr zur Bildung einer Heizwand.
DE9412801U1 (de) * 1994-08-08 1994-10-06 König, Christel, 63674 Altenstadt Heizkörperanordnung
FR2738907B1 (fr) * 1995-09-15 1997-12-05 Finimetal Societe De Finissage Dispositif de raccordement universel pour radiateur tubulaire
DE19535280C2 (de) * 1995-09-22 1999-08-26 Koenig Heizkörperanordnung
DE29705694U1 (de) * 1996-04-09 1997-06-26 Vogel & Noot Wärmetechnik AG, Wartberg Konvektor, Konvektorrohling und Konvektorbausatz
DE29617392U1 (de) * 1996-10-07 1996-11-21 Agotech AG, Schönenwerd Konvektorheizkörper mit Wärmeabstrahlschutz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1553363B1 (fr) 2007-01-03
EP0972998A2 (fr) 2000-01-19
ATE303564T1 (de) 2005-09-15
EP1553363A1 (fr) 2005-07-13
DE59914130D1 (de) 2007-02-15
DE59912483D1 (de) 2005-10-06
ATE350628T1 (de) 2007-01-15
DE19832051A1 (de) 2000-01-20
DE19832051C2 (de) 2002-06-13
EP0972998A3 (fr) 2002-08-07

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