EP0966411B1 - Utilisation d'aerogels pour amortir les bruits d'impacts et/ou de chocs - Google Patents

Utilisation d'aerogels pour amortir les bruits d'impacts et/ou de chocs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0966411B1
EP0966411B1 EP98904115A EP98904115A EP0966411B1 EP 0966411 B1 EP0966411 B1 EP 0966411B1 EP 98904115 A EP98904115 A EP 98904115A EP 98904115 A EP98904115 A EP 98904115A EP 0966411 B1 EP0966411 B1 EP 0966411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
airgel
aerogels
binder
composite material
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98904115A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0966411A1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Schwertfeger
Marc Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cabot Corp
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Cabot Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cabot Corp filed Critical Cabot Corp
Publication of EP0966411A1 publication Critical patent/EP0966411A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0966411B1 publication Critical patent/EP0966411B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/20—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors for sound insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of aerogels Sound insulation.
  • structure-borne noise is found in solid materials propagating sound understood. Impact sound is understood to be the sound e.g. when walking on a ceiling or moving chairs as Structure-borne noise arises and is partially emitted as airborne sound (Company name of Rhinolith Dämmstoffe GmbH; Technical information: In 150 building physics 6/96; and Reichardt, W .; Basics of technical acoustics; Academic Publishing Company, für; 1968).
  • blowing agents such as CFCs, CO 2 or pentane.
  • CFCs CFCs
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • pentane a blowing agent
  • Aerogels especially those with porosities above 60% and densities below 0.6 g / cm 3, have an extremely low thermal conductivity. You will therefore find application as a heat insulation material such. B. is described in EP-A-0 171 722. In addition, the speed of sound in aerogels has a very low value for solids, which can be used to manufacture airborne sound insulation materials.
  • Aerogels in the wider sense i.e. in the sense of "gel with air as Dispersants "are prepared by drying a suitable gel.
  • airgel in this sense includes aerogels in the narrower sense, Xerogels and cryogels.
  • a dried gel is used as an airgel in the Narrower sense when the liquid of the gel is at temperatures above the critical temperature and starting from pressures above of the critical pressure is largely removed. Will the liquid of the Gels, on the other hand, are subcritical, for example with the formation of a liquid-vapor boundary phase removed, then the resulting gel is often called also as a xerogel.
  • aerogels in the present application are aerogels in the broader sense, i.e. in the sense of “gel with air as a dispersant ".
  • the aerogels obtained by supercritical drying are general hydrophilic or only briefly hydrophobic, whereas subcritical dried aerogels due to their manufacturing process (in general silylation before drying) are permanently hydrophobic.
  • aerogels can basically also be used in inorganic and divide organic aerogels, whereby inorganic aerogels have been around 1931 are known (S.S. Kistler, Nature 1931,127,741), and whereas organic aerogels from a wide variety of starting materials, e.g. from melamine formaldehyde, only known for a few years (R.W. Pekala, J. Mater. Sci. 1989, 24, 3221).
  • Airgel-containing composite materials are known because of their low Thermal conduction can be used as thermal insulation materials.
  • Composite materials are described, for example, in EP-A-0 340 707, EP-A-0 667 370, WO 96/12683, WO 96/15997, WO 96/15998, DE-A-44 30 642 and DE-A-44 30 669.
  • Another area of application for such insulation materials is insulation between individual foundations, e.g. B. machine foundations, or Foundations of separately founded buildings or parts of buildings.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore, on the one hand, to add new materials develop that are suitable for the body and impact sound insulation, the can be produced easily and in any form and at the location of the Use can still be changed in size, and on the other hand for new ones Find applications for aerogels.
  • airgel particles Impact sound insulation which is characterized in that the size of the airgel particles is in the range of 50 ⁇ m to 10 mm.
  • aerogels are those based on metal oxides which are suitable for sol-gel technology (CJ Brinker, GW Scherer, Sol-Gel-Science, 1990, chapters 2 and 3), such as Si or Al compounds , or those based on organic substances which are suitable for the sol-gel technique, such as melamine formaldehyde condensates (US Pat. No. 5,086,085) or resorcinol formaldehyde condensates (US Pat. No. 4,873,218). Mixtures of the materials mentioned above can also be used. Aerogels containing Si compounds and in particular SiO 2 aerogels are preferably used.
  • the airgel particles have permanently hydrophobic surface groups.
  • trimethylsilyl groups is particularly advantageous for permanent hydrophobization of the airgel.
  • these groups such as. B. described in WO 94/25149 or German patent application 196 48 798.6, or by gas phase reaction between the airgel and, for example, an activated trialkylsilane derivative, such as a chlorotrialkylsilane or a hexaalkyldisilazane (compare R. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica, Wiley & Sons, 1979).
  • an activated trialkylsilane derivative such as a chlorotrialkylsilane or a hexaalkyldisilazane (compare R. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica, Wiley & Sons, 1979).
  • the hydrophobic surface groups produced in this way further reduce the dielectric loss factor and the dielectric constant.
  • Airgel particles with hydrophilic surface groups can vary depending on the air humidity Adsorb water, causing the Dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor with the Humidity can vary. This is often the case for electronic applications not wanted.
  • the use of airgel particles with hydrophobic Surface groups prevent this variation because no water adsorbs becomes.
  • the selection of the residues also depends on the typical application temperature.
  • the thermal conductivity of the aerogels decreases with increasing porosity and decreasing density. Aerogels with porosities above 60% and densities below 0.6 g / cm 3 are therefore preferred. Aerogels with densities below 0.2 g / cm 3 are particularly preferred.
  • the airgel particles are in shape a composite material used, in principle all from the prior art Airgel-containing composite materials known in the art are suitable.
  • a composite material which contains 5 to 97% by volume of airgel particles is particularly preferred and contains at least one binder.
  • the binder forms a matrix that connects the airgel particles or encloses itself and as a continuous phase through the whole Composite material pulls.
  • a content of airgel particles that is significantly above 97% by volume would increase lead to a binder content of less than 3% by volume. In this case its proportion too low to ensure an adequate connection of the airgel particles with each other, as well as mechanical pressure and bending strength guarantee.
  • the proportion of airgel particles is preferably in the range from 10 to 97 Vol .-% and particularly preferably in the range of 40 to 95 vol .-%.
  • a particularly high proportion of airgel particles can be found in the composite material by using an appropriate distribution of grain sizes.
  • the airgel particles are small in relation to the total thickness of the Molding. Large airgel particles are also sensitive to mechanical damage. Therefore, the size of the Airgel particles in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 10 mm, particularly preferred between 200 ⁇ m and 5 mm.
  • binder Basically all known organic and inorganic Binder suitable for the production of the composite materials. It is not decisive whether the binder is amorphous, semi-crystalline and / or crystalline is present.
  • the binder is either in liquid form, i.e. as a liquid. Melt. Solution, dispersion or suspension used, or upper than solid powder used.
  • the binder can also be foamed Form.
  • binders used as a liquid, melt, solution, dispersion, Suspension or as a solid powder are acrylates, Aluminum phosphates, cyanoacrylates, cycloolefin copolymers, epoxy resins, Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, formaldehyde condensates, urea resins, Melamine formaldehyde resins, methacrylates, phenolic resins, polyamides, Polybenzimidazoles, polyethylene terephthalates. Polyethylene waxes, polyimides, Polystyrenes, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, Polyvinyl butyrals, resorcinols, silicones and silicone resins.
  • the binder is generally in an amount of 3 to 95 vol .-% of Composite material used, preferably in an amount of 3 to 90 vol .-% and particularly preferably in an amount of 5 to 60% by volume.
  • the selection of the binder takes place depending on the desired mechanical and thermal properties of the composite material.
  • the binders preference is also given to selecting those products which essentially do not penetrate into the interior of the porous airgel particles.
  • the penetration of the binder into the interior of the airgel particles can be influenced not only by the choice of the binder but also by various parameters, such as pressure, temperature and processing time.
  • the composite material can also contain up to 85% by volume of fillers.
  • fibers, nonwovens, woven fabrics, felts and residues or wastes thereof can be used in particular. Film snippets and / or film remnants can also be used for this purpose.
  • the composite material can contain other fillers e.g. for coloring, for To achieve special decorative effects or to set the liability of Glue included on the surface.
  • the proportion of fillers is preferably based on the Composite material, below 70% and particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 50 Vol .-%.
  • Coupleding agents can also be used. They bring about better contact of the binders with the surface of the airgel particles and can also be a solid Binding both with the airgel particles and with the binder or if necessary go into the fillers.
  • the molded articles produced according to the invention from airgel granules preferably have a density of less than 0.6 g / cm 3 and preferably an improvement in the body or impact sound insulation of more than 12 dB.
  • the improvement in body and impact sound insulation is particularly preferably above 14 dB.
  • the fire class of the composite material is determined by the fire class of the Airgel and the binder determined.
  • the composite materials can still be used with suitable Materials are laminated, such as. B. silicone resin adhesives.
  • suitable Materials such as. B. silicone resin adhesives.
  • fire protection agents known to those skilled in the art is possible.
  • the airgel-containing composite material can be produced in that you mix airgel and binder, bring them into the desired shape and cures.
  • the airgel particles connected to one another by means of at least one binder.
  • the Connection of the individual particles to one another can be quasi punctiform respectively.
  • a surface coating can, for example, by Spraying the airgel particles with the binder (e.g. as a solution, Melt, suspension or dispersion) can be achieved.
  • the coated Particles are then, for example, pressed into a shaped body and hardened.
  • the Gusset voices between the individual particles in whole or in part from Binder filled can be, for example by making the airgel particles with a powder Binder mixes into the desired shape and hardens.
  • the mixing can be carried out in any conceivable way. So on the one hand it is possible to put in at least two components simultaneously to introduce the mixing device, but on the other hand, one of the Components submitted and the other (s) are then added.
  • the mixing device necessary for the mixing is also in no way limited. Any can be known to those skilled in the art for this purpose Mixing device can be used.
  • the mixing process continues carried out until an approximately even distribution of the airgel particles is present in the composition.
  • the mixing process can both over the duration and, for example, over the speed the mixing device can be regulated.
  • the mixture is pressed. It is possible for the specialist, for the respective application select the appropriate press and press tool. by virtue of the high air content of the airgel-containing molding compounds is the use of Vacuum presses advantageous.
  • the Airgel-containing molding compounds are pressed into sheets. To bake the To avoid molding compound on the pressing tool, for example press rams, can the airgel-containing mixture to be compressed be used with release paper or Separating film to be separated against the pressing tool.
  • the mechanical The strength of the airgel-containing plates can be increased by lamination Fabrics, foils, hard foils or hardboard on the board surface be improved.
  • the fabrics, foils, hard foils or hardboard can both later and in the manufacture of the Composite material are applied to the airgel-containing plates. The latter is preferred and can preferably be carried out in one work step Insert the fabrics, foils, hard foils or hardboard in the mold and placing on the airgel-containing molding compound to be compressed and subsequent pressing under pressure and temperature into one Airgel-containing composite panel.
  • the pressing takes place in the depending on the binder used generally at pressures from 1 to 1000 bar in any shape.
  • the mixture can be hardened during the pressing process Temperatures from 0 ° C to 300 ° C are brought. But it is also possible the mixture at temperatures significantly lower than those required for curing used lying, pressing and then without exercising Curing pressure.
  • heat can additionally be brought into the plates with the aid of suitable radiation sources. If, as in the case of polyvinyl butyrals, the binder used couples with microwaves, this radiation source is preferred.
  • the invention is described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments, without being restricted thereby.
  • the aerogels were analogous to that disclosed in DE-A-43 42 548 Process manufactured.
  • the thermal conductivities of the airgel granules were measured using a Heating wire method (see e.g. O. Nielsen, G. Joschenpöhler, J. classical, J. Fricke, High Temperatures-High Pressures, Vol. 21, 267-274 (1989)).
  • the Thermal conductivities of the moldings were measured in accordance with DIN 52612. As That became a measure for the improvement of the body and impact sound insulation Impact sound improvement measure determined according to DIN 52210.
  • Shaped body made of 50 vol .-% airgel and 50 vol .-% polyvinyl butyral
  • hydrophobic airgel granulate 50% by volume of hydrophobic airgel granules (solid density 130 kg / m 3 ) and 50% by volume of a polyvinyl butyral powder (solid density 1100 kg / m 3 ) are mixed intimately.
  • the percentage volume relates to the target volume of the molded body.
  • the hydrophobic airgel granulate has a grain size greater than 650 ⁇ m, a BET surface area of 640 m 2 / g and a thermal conductivity of 11 mW / mK.
  • Mowital® Polymer F
  • Hoechst AG Hoechst AG
  • the bottom of the mold is covered with release paper. Then the Airgel-containing molding compound evenly distributed and all with one Release paper covered. It is at 220 ° C for 30 minutes to a thickness of 18 mm pressed.
  • the molded body obtained has a density of 280 kg / m 3 and a thermal conductivity of 40 mW / mK.
  • the impact sound improvement measure is 19 dB.
  • Shaped body made of 80 vol .-% airgel, 18 vol .-% polyvinyl butyral and 2 vol .-% polyethylene terephthalate
  • hydrophobic airgel granulate has a grain size greater than 650 ⁇ m.
  • Mowital® Polymer F
  • Hoechst AG with a grain size of around 50 ⁇ m is used as the polyvinyl butyral powder.
  • Trevira® high-strength fibers are used as the fiber material.
  • the bottom of the mold is covered with release paper. Then the Airgel-containing molding compound evenly distributed and all with one Release paper covered. It is at 220 ° C for 30 minutes to a thickness of 18 mm pressed.
  • the molded body obtained has a density of 250 kg / m 3 and a thermal conductivity of 25 mW / mK.
  • the impact sound improvement measure is 22 dB.
  • Shaped body made of 90 vol .-% airgel and 10 vol .-% dispersion adhesive
  • hydrophobic airgel granules solid density 130 kg / m 3
  • the percentage volume relates to the target volume of the dry molded body.
  • the hydrophobic airgel granulate has a grain size greater than 650 ⁇ m, a BET surface area of 640 m 2 / g and a thermal conductivity of 11 mW / mK.
  • the Mowilith® dispersion VDM1340 (Hoechst AG) is used as the dispersion adhesive.
  • the bottom of the mold is covered with release paper. Then the Airgel-containing molding compound evenly distributed and all with one Release paper covered. It is left at 190 ° C for 15 minutes to a thickness of 18 mm pressed.
  • the molded body obtained has a density of 200 kg / m 3 and a thermal conductivity of 29 mW / mK.
  • the impact sound improvement measure is 24 dB.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Utilisation de particules d'aérogel pour l'amortissement de bruits de chocs, caractérisée en ce que la dimension des particules d'aérogel se situe dans la gamme de 50 µm à 10 µm.
  2. Utilisation d'après la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'on utilise de telles particules d'aérogel, qui contiennent des combinaisons au silicium, de préférence des aérogels au SiO2.
  3. Utilisation d'après la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les particules d'aérogel présentent des fonctions superficielles stablement hydrophobes.
  4. Utilisation d'après au moins unes des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les particules d'aérogel présentent des porosités au-dessus de 60%, et des densités au-dessous de 0,6 g/cm3.
  5. Utilisation d'après au moins unes des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les particules d'aérogel sont employées en forme d'une matière composite.
  6. Utilisation d'après la revendication 5 caractérisée en ce que le pourcentage des particules d'aérogel dans la matière composite se situe dans la gamme de 5 à 97 pourcents volumétriques.
EP98904115A 1997-01-24 1998-01-22 Utilisation d'aerogels pour amortir les bruits d'impacts et/ou de chocs Expired - Lifetime EP0966411B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702238 1997-01-24
DE19702238A DE19702238A1 (de) 1997-01-24 1997-01-24 Verwendung von Aerogelen zur Körper- und/oder Trittschalldämmung
PCT/EP1998/000328 WO1998032708A1 (fr) 1997-01-24 1998-01-22 Utilisation d'aerogels pour amortir les bruits d'impacts et/ou de chocs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0966411A1 EP0966411A1 (fr) 1999-12-29
EP0966411B1 true EP0966411B1 (fr) 2003-04-02

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EP98904115A Expired - Lifetime EP0966411B1 (fr) 1997-01-24 1998-01-22 Utilisation d'aerogels pour amortir les bruits d'impacts et/ou de chocs

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6598358B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0966411B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP4776744B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20000070449A (fr)
CN (1) CN1200904C (fr)
DE (2) DE19702238A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2193513T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998032708A1 (fr)

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CN107016988B (zh) * 2017-03-03 2021-02-05 中南大学 一种轻质反声材料及其制备方法
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DE19507732A1 (de) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-12 Hoechst Ag Transparentes Bauelement, enthaltend mindestens eine faserverstärkte Aerogelplatte und/oder -matte

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CN1200904C (zh) 2005-05-11
KR20000070449A (ko) 2000-11-25
EP0966411A1 (fr) 1999-12-29
JP4776744B2 (ja) 2011-09-21
JP5547028B2 (ja) 2014-07-09
JP2011080064A (ja) 2011-04-21
DE19702238A1 (de) 1998-08-06
ES2193513T3 (es) 2003-11-01
US6598358B1 (en) 2003-07-29
WO1998032708A1 (fr) 1998-07-30
CN1249729A (zh) 2000-04-05
JP2001509767A (ja) 2001-07-24
DE59807740D1 (de) 2003-05-08

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