EP0960290A1 - Freilauf-ratscheneinrichtung - Google Patents
Freilauf-ratscheneinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP0960290A1 EP0960290A1 EP98943704A EP98943704A EP0960290A1 EP 0960290 A1 EP0960290 A1 EP 0960290A1 EP 98943704 A EP98943704 A EP 98943704A EP 98943704 A EP98943704 A EP 98943704A EP 0960290 A1 EP0960290 A1 EP 0960290A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- freewheel
- ratchet
- shaft
- freewheels
- drive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
- B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
- B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
- B25B13/466—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in an axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
- B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
- B25B13/461—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member
- B25B13/462—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle with concentric driving and driven member the ratchet parts engaging in a direction radial to the tool operating axis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a freewheel ratchet device, in particular a ratchet screwdriver according to the preamble of claim 1, as used for the actuation of screw parts or tools e.g. a screw or screw socket is used.
- Such a ratchet device is described in WO 86/04008. It essentially consists of a housing, which also serves as a handle part, in the interior of which a freewheel with an inner and outer ring is provided.
- the freewheel outer ring is immovably fixed in the housing, while a shaft is arranged in the freewheel inner ring in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner.
- the shaft can assume two outer switching positions, in which case it then has an output pin on one or the other end face of the housing, on which e.g. a hexagon nut can be attached, protrudes from the front.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a freewheel ratchet device which is simple in construction and simple Handling a switchover of the device to at least two actuation positions (left and right active), if possible three positions (additional blocking position) allowed.
- two counter-rotating freewheels are arranged in axial succession in the interior of the ratchet body and the driving section of the shaft can be brought into engagement when switching over with one of the two freewheels, depending on whether the ratchet device is to be left-handed or right-handed.
- the length of the driving section must be designed so that it is almost, but at most the height of the freewheel.
- the switching path is at least equal to the length of the freewheels used to prevent unwanted jamming.
- the switching movement can be carried out either by axially displacing the shaft between the freewheels fixed in the ratchet body via its outer rings, or by axially holding the shaft in the ratchet body and axially moving the freewheels together in relation to the shaft, so that one or the other freewheel is required if necessary the driving portion of the shaft is engaged.
- Customary freewheels usually have an outer and an inner ring.
- the inner rings of the two freewheels and the driving section of the ratchet shaft are to be coordinated in terms of shape in such a way that a rotationally fixed but axially shiftable connection is obtained between them.
- a particularly small, simple embodiment is obtained according to the invention in that freewheels are used which do not have an inner ring, the driving section then taking over the role of the inner ring by appropriate profiling of its outer surface.
- the freewheels are thus functionally supported directly on the lateral surface of the driving section.
- a particularly inexpensive embodiment which is extremely simple to manufacture and construct, is also obtained if, as a driving section on the ratchet shaft, a freewheel inner ring in a known manner, e.g. by shrinking, pressing on or by radial pinning.
- This allows a commercially available purchase part to be arranged in a simple manner on the corresponding smooth-cylindrical part of the shaft, without the bearing profiling of the shaft having to be specially made.
- At least two switching positions can be assumed, namely a left and a right active position.
- three switching positions can also be realized, namely a left and a right active position and additionally a fixing position which blocks the ratchet movement overall, in which a ratchet wrench according to the invention then acts and is operated like a rigid, simple screwdriver.
- the switchover can in principle be carried out by moving the shaft at least two, preferably three, axial positions, with the freewheels seated in a fixed position in the housing.
- the drive-side pin of the shaft will protrude in different lengths from the drive-side end face of the ratchet body.
- the switching / sliding movements can be carried out on a pin of the shaft protruding from the drive side.
- a switching and anti-thrust pulse encompassing the drive-side body part in the form of a sleeve can be attached to the body in a rotationally fixed and simultaneously axially displaceable manner, the ratchet shaft or the anti-thrust pin of the shaft being connected to the shift sleeve so as to be displaceable but rotatable.
- the switching positions can also be easily determined by means of known indexing or blocking devices between the switching sleeve and the ratchet body jacket.
- a receptacle opening for a corresponding tool is either provided centrally on the drive-side end face and / or the casing surface is made easy to grip by means of reefing, plastic coating, etc. for direct manipulation continuous
- the anti-spigot can in e.g. the square plug opening for tool actuation.
- the position fixing or switching can be carried out directly in terms of shape or shape via a linkage, such as spring-loaded sliders, which is passed through the ratchet body radially or secantially act on the shaft or its elements by means of interposed locking balls.
- a linkage such as spring-loaded sliders, which is passed through the ratchet body radially or secantially act on the shaft or its elements by means of interposed locking balls.
- the WegStange can interact with the drive pin of the shaft, for which this must have a length that is at least somewhat larger than the switching path from right to left.
- the linkage arranged above the freewheel cooperates with three axially spaced grooves in the pin, so that a lower, an upper and a central, engaging in both freewheels and thus blocking the entire device can be assumed.
- the sliding movement must be realized by pulling on the lower pin on the output side.
- the body part on the other side is also axially extended by the amount of the switching stroke in order to fully accommodate the correspondingly long drive pin.
- the shift linkage could also be arranged below the lower freewheel on the output side and interact with the output pin or corresponding grooves in the latter.
- the considerable lengthening of the ratchet body on its drive-side body part is no longer necessary, as a result of which a lower construction is achieved.
- the disadvantage here is that the introduction of the two or three switching grooves weakens the cross-section of the driven pin, which has to transmit the torque, and is therefore to be designed somewhat more forcefully.
- the shift linkage or the shift slide can also interact directly with the shaft between the two freewheels, in a manner that leads radially through the hm.
- an intermediate disk make distance between the two freewheels and pass the slider in this space.
- the shaft can then be provided in a relatively short version, only with a driving section and an output-side pin, the slide engaging in a central driving section groove for the two active positions in front of or behind the driving section and for a central blocking position.
- the slide itself can be held in the respective position by means of a spring-loaded rocker arm embedded in the ratchet body on the long side with actuating pin. A slight radial pressure on the actuation button moves the slide radially outward, so that the shaft can be released and axially moved to another position.
- the blocking position can be carried out in this short shaft version with a central position linkage not by fixing the center section in the center, but by briefly axially pushing it towards the drive side, so that the shaft with its corresponding end engages with the bottom wall of the drive side of the ratchet body in a form-fitting manner.
- This can be achieved by providing mutually corresponding toothings in the end face of the shaft or in a short upper pin of the shaft and in the corresponding wall of the ratchet body.
- These can be respective spur gears or circumferential gears or grooves provided on the pin and in the corresponding recess in the ratchet body wall, which are to be designed for high, direct torque transmission.
- a long drive-side pin can be provided on the shaft, the length of which is designed such that the pin projects from the drive-side end face of the ratchet body. This gives the opportunity to act directly on the drive end of the shaft with a tool to transmit torque. However, it can also be used with a striking tool on the face of the shaft without damaging the ratchet, which is very often necessary.
- the embodiment with an immovable shaft and displaceable freewheels is to be regarded as particularly advantageous.
- the output-side pin always remains at the same height, so that despite switching to the left or right-turning or blocked position, the same feeling of work is always present without the person using the tool having to adjust to a different tool length.
- the switchover is also very easy to carry out in terms of construction and also to be handled, since only a sliding pin which extends radially through a longitudinal slot in the housing and is connected to the freewheel rings is to be arranged.
- a cylindrical sliding sleeve can be provided concentrically on the ratchet body or a surrounding plastic sheathing, which is freewheeled via at least one radial sliding pin - outer ring is connected.
- the respective sliding part can be held pressed into an end position by arranging spring elements. If the locking device is released, the ratchet is always pressed into the same active position under spring pressure. against spring force must then be moved to a first or second position in order to obtain a blocking or opposite active position.
- the ratchet body is composed of two essentially identical sleeve or pot-shaped body parts in a mirror-image arrangement, with their openings facing each other, forming the cylindrical interior between them.
- the two body parts are non-rotatably and non-rotatably connected, practically forming a one-piece hollow cylindrical ratchet body.
- the ratchet body can advantageously also be formed from only one sleeve-shaped part with a cover plate attached to the end face instead of two mirror-shaped, sleeve-shaped parts.
- 1 an axial section in perspective view of an embodiment with a displaceable shaft and with this interacting switching and drive sleeve
- 2 an embodiment similar to FIG. 1, but with a radial shift linkage
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view as in FIG. 1, without shaft drive journal and free-wheel-centered position slider and central blocking position,
- FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the embodiment according to FIG. 10.
- a ratchet body 1 is provided which is approximately divided in the middle in the axial direction and is thus composed of an upper, drive-side, tubular body part 2 and a lower, output-side, also tubular body part 3 is.
- the two body parts 2 and 3 are essentially identical, at least with regard to their outer shape, in that they have a smooth cylindrical outer surface 4 and two smooth, outer end faces 5 and 6, respectively.
- two freewheels 10 are axially aligned, these freewheels 10 acting in reverse, ie one is left-handed and the other right-handed.
- the freewheels 10 have corresponding outer rings 11 and free-running rollers 12 are supported on these, but no inner ring.
- a shaft 15 is arranged coaxially, centrally, which has a somewhat thicker driving section 16, which cooperates with the outer circumferential surface with the freewheel rollers 12.
- the driving section 16 has on its outer surface a profile 17 similar to that of a corresponding freewheel inner ring.
- the shaft 15 has a pin on both sides of its driving section 16, namely a pin 8 on the driven side and a pin 18 on the drive side.
- a switching and drive sleeve 19 is axially displaceable and, at the same time, non-rotatably placed, which holds the pin 18 of the shaft 15 non-displaceably and rotatably at the same time.
- Indexing devices (not shown) enable three switching positions of the switching and drive sleeve 19 or of the shaft 15 with its driving section 16, for example an upper position for turning to the left and a lower position Position to turn to the right and a central position to fix or block the ratchet.
- a central square plug-in opening 7 is provided in the bottom wall of the sleeve 19, into which the square pin of an actuating device, for example a socket wrench, can be inserted from the outside in order to help apply greater torsional forces or to enable an actuation extension.
- the drive-side pin extends into this same plug-in opening 7 with its outer end and is rotatably but axially immovably fastened therein.
- the drive-side housing part 2 is axially enlarged so that despite the relatively long a drive-side pin 18, this does not protrude from the ratchet body even in the uppermost switching position.
- the shifting and position indexing is realized via a radially guided shift linkage 20. This shift linkage interacts with corresponding grooves 21 on the pin 18.
- the sleeve-shaped body parts 2 and 3 are no longer of identical design, at least with regard to their respective bottom walls.
- the bottom wall of the drive-side body part is designed to be significantly thicker and no pin is guided through it, but only a sack insertion opening 7 is let in from the outside.
- the shaft 15 here only has a driving section 16 which has at one end the pin 8 projecting from the ratchet body on the output side.
- the two facing end faces of the body parts 2 and 3 are kept axially at a distance by an intermediate ring 22.
- Shift linkage 20 a radial slide 23 is provided here, which engages behind the driving section 16 with its inner end or engages in the central groove 21 in a blocking manner.
- the slider 23 is moved via a rocker arm 24, with the actuating button 25 located at the opposite end, which in turn is kept slightly pushed out of the body surface by a spring 26, whereby at the same time the slider 23 remains in the engaged position.
- the slide 23 is pulled out radially, releasing the shaft for an axial shift-slide movement.
- Fig. 4 it can be seen that in an embodiment similar to Fig. 3, the blocking positioning is not realized as in the previous embodiments by a central position of the driving portion 16, with simultaneous engagement in both freewheels, but by positive engagement of the drive-side shaft end into the bottom wall of the drive-side body part 2.
- toothings 27 are introduced on the corresponding end face of the shaft 15 and inside the bottom wall.
- the shaft 15 In order to assume the blocking position, the shaft 15 must therefore be shifted further inwards from its upper active position until the toothings 27 engage in one another accordingly. This can be seen very well from the arrangement of the grooves 21 cooperating with the shift linkage 20 in the driving section 16.
- FIG. 5 shows the design of the switching device or the shift linkage 20 as a spring-loaded slide 23 with an actuating button 25, which has a ball indexing ring 28 with indexing ball 29, a recess 30 in the slide 23 and, of course, the ring grooves 21 in the driving section 16 (see Fig. 4) interact.
- the actuating button 25 is pressed against the force of the spring 26, the slide 23 is displaced such that it comes to rest with the recess 30 at the level of the ball 29.
- the ball which has previously engaged in a clamping manner in one of the grooves 21, can be displaced radially into the recess 30 and the shaft 15 can thus be released and moved axially.
- FIG. 6 shows a special external design of the embodiment according to FIG. 3 or 4 as a switchable ratchet wrench with square pin 14 on the shaft pin 8 and upper square plug opening 7 in the housing or handle part 34.
- a T-screwdriver 40 shown with broken lines is inserted via its square pin 14 into the plug opening 7, whereby a higher torque can be applied.
- the shaft 15 has a driving section 16, on the outer surface of which a free-running profile 17 is introduced. It also has a pin 8 on the output side and a pin 18 on the drive side.
- Fig. 8 also shows the design of the shaft 15 in relation to the surface profile 17 of its driver 16 and the central arrangement of the output-side pin 8.
- the shaft 15 is also axially displaceable in the one-piece sleeve-shaped ratchet body 1.
- the ratchet body 1 as a whole is designed to be significantly longer than in the previous exemplary embodiments, wherein it can be seen that in addition to the interior 9, a further interior 32 is provided for receiving the two freewheels, which is used for Receiving the driving section 16 in the third, blocking position. There are thus three switching / displacement paths of approximately the same length through the shaft 15 or its driving section 16.
- the shaft 15 has a relatively long pin 18 on the drive side, which can be pushed axially through a through hole 33, the outer end of the pin 18 protruding far beyond the drive-side end face 6 of the ratchet body 1 in the engaged blocking position, as shown by broken, thin lines.
- a coupling toothing 27 is provided on the inner end of the pin 18 adjacent to the driving section 16, which interacts with a corresponding toothing 27 at the inner end of the through hole 33. These teeth 27 are relatively long so that a relatively high torque can be applied to the shaft in the blocking position via the ratchet body 1.
- a further tool can also act on the shaft end or end of the pin 18 which extends far out in the engaged blocking position (thin lines), as a result of which torque or axial impact forces can be applied directly to the shaft without damaging the ratchet device by excessive forces.
- this ratchet screwdriver can even be used as a chisel or, for example, it can at least be hammered onto stuck screw parts, after which the screwing movement may be easier to carry out.
- Figures 10 and 11 show another basic one Embodiment with switchable freewheels 10 and axially fixed shaft 15.
- the ratchet body 1 is longer by one switching stroke than in the exemplary embodiments described above.
- the shaft 15 is fixed via its drive-side pin 18 in the upper end wall of the ratchet body 1 in such a way that it can be rotated but not axially displaced.
- the output-side pin 8 always protrudes from the ratchet body in the same length.
- the two opposing freewheels are axially displaceable together via their outer rings 11 in the housing interior 9, but are non-rotatably arranged.
- the cylindrical housing 1 is in a knob-shaped handle part 34, e.g. made of plastic, embedded. However, this can also consist of any other suitable material and have any suitable handle shape, e.g.
- a sliding pin 35 is fastened to the freewheel outer ring 11 and protrudes radially through a longitudinal slot 36 in the housing and the corresponding handle part sheathing. If the sliding pin 35, as shown with a broken, thin line, is arranged at the lower end of the freewheel outer ring 11 and the slot 36 is set correspondingly deep, the cylindrical casing part of the handle part 34 can be made shorter, as a result of which the handle part as a whole is shorter or the thickened part can be designed accordingly longer.
- At least one compression spring 38 is attached in a corresponding recess 37 in the handle part 34. ordered, which extends through the drive-side bottom of the ratchet body 1 to the upper end wall of the freewheel outer ring, always keeping the freewheels pressed slightly axially downwards.
- a single spring of larger diameter can be arranged in an annular recess 37 or one or more smaller springs can be provided in one or more, preferably two diagonally opposite recesses.
- the sliding pin 35 is designed as a sliding button for easier handling, or such a button can be firmly attached to the pin 35.
- the longitudinal slot 36 can have three indentations 39 in the circumferential direction, which correspond to the three switching positions and which stand or interact with an indexing device (not shown), for example in connection with the sliding pin button.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19730300A DE19730300A1 (de) | 1997-03-07 | 1997-07-15 | Ratscheneinrichtung |
DE19730300 | 1997-07-15 | ||
PCT/DE1998/001979 WO1999004178A1 (de) | 1997-07-15 | 1998-07-15 | Freilauf-ratscheneinrichtung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0960290A1 true EP0960290A1 (de) | 1999-12-01 |
EP0960290B1 EP0960290B1 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
Family
ID=7835773
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98943704A Expired - Lifetime EP0960290B1 (de) | 1997-07-15 | 1998-07-15 | Freilauf-ratscheneinrichtung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0960290B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE268876T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU9152798A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999004178A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004043805B3 (de) * | 2004-09-08 | 2006-03-30 | Otto Bock Healthcare Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg | Klemmfreilauf und Verwendung für ein Prothetikteil |
DE102015111878A1 (de) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | Aesculap Ag | Platzsparende Ratscheinheit mit Freilauf |
US10688635B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2020-06-23 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Torque wrench |
CN115315338A (zh) | 2020-04-03 | 2022-11-08 | 米沃奇电动工具公司 | 扭矩扳手 |
DE102022114689A1 (de) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-21 | Wera Werkzeuge Gmbh | Schraubwerkzeug mit Drehmomentbegrenzungseinrichtung |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3679031A (en) * | 1970-10-05 | 1972-07-25 | Palmer Filter Equipment Co | Reversible one-way clutch |
US4297924A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1981-11-03 | Perry M. Lane | Ratchet wrench |
US4621718A (en) * | 1982-11-29 | 1986-11-11 | Stanley Works | Ratchet screwdriver |
AU5302786A (en) * | 1984-12-31 | 1986-07-29 | Radian Tool Corp. | Unidirectional wrench cartridge |
JPS62238115A (ja) * | 1986-04-07 | 1987-10-19 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 4輪駆動車の駆動軸選択装置 |
DE4328699A1 (de) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-02 | Warema Renkhoff Gmbh & Co Kg | Getriebe an der Aufzugswelle eines Sonnenschutzbehangs |
DE9402571U1 (de) * | 1994-02-17 | 1994-04-14 | INA Wälzlager Schaeffler KG, 91074 Herzogenaurach | Vorrichtung zur relativen Winkelverstellung einer Nockenwelle |
-
1998
- 1998-07-15 AT AT98943704T patent/ATE268876T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-15 WO PCT/DE1998/001979 patent/WO1999004178A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-15 AU AU91527/98A patent/AU9152798A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-15 EP EP98943704A patent/EP0960290B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9904178A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE268876T1 (de) | 2004-06-15 |
EP0960290B1 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
AU9152798A (en) | 1999-02-10 |
WO1999004178A1 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
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