EP0953697A2 - House - Google Patents

Abstract

The house construction has at least one base module (1), to which auxiliary modules (4) are added on the outside. The interior walls can be freely positioned within the base module by providing the latter as a stable system with exterior walls and a single pair of loadbearing supports (3), extending between the foundation and the roof, with computer-aided design of the overall structure. An Independent claim for a design method for a modular house construction is also included.

Description

The invention relates to a house, in particular a residential house, and a Process for EDP-supported project planning and execution of a Such a house has the task of project planning and - to carry out processing as quickly and inexpensively as possible, and regardless of the fact that extensive prefabrication of the Parts and components that make up the house are provided, to achieve great flexibility in the design of the house.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with a house with the features of claim 1 by the provision of basic module and additional modules reached.

Preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention House are the subject of the subclaims.

In the house according to the invention in all embodiments (at least) a possibly multi-part basic module is provided that in a preferred form without changing the statics great flexibility the interior design allows, because in the basic module inside The boundaries are usually only provided for up to two posts are. If the basic module is intended for a multi-storey house the position of the staircase can be specified, whereby basic modules with different arrangements and / or embodiments of the staircase possible are.

The adaptation to different apartment and design qualities and - Requests can be made without changing the basic module by the Basic module with at least one, but preferably with two (or several) additional modules is added. It can up to for example ten different additional modules can be provided, both for the Basic module as well as for the additional modules a construction in prefabricated house construction, Timber construction, or mixed construction, e.g. Masonry wood, is possible.

The exterior design of the house according to the invention can be chosen freely become. The outermost layer of the facade can be, for example Tongue and groove formwork, a three-layer board, a plaster, etc.

The basic modules can have two to three or four different ones Roof pitches (e.g. 45 °, 40 °, 35 °, 25 °) should be designed so that the respective regulations (building codes) are taken into account can.

This has various advantages. First is a prefabrication possible. Quality control and quality improvement is simplified (there are no zero series). Beyond that a reduction in the costs of work preparation and technology possible. Finally, for the manufacturer of the invention The possibility of ordering and accounting standardize.

For the manufacturer or seller of the house according to the invention There is an advantage in that each basic module is a basic variant with a fixed price and individual needs of the customer through the additional modules, which in turn at fixed prices can be offered, can be met. So the seller can tell the customer a final price in a short time, because one there is no need for individual calculations.

Within the scope of the invention it can be provided that basic modules with different sizes are offered. For example, three basic modules with the dimensions 7 x 11.50 m, 7.50 x 11.50 m and 8 x 11.80 m possible. In addition, special sizes of basic modules with the Dimensions 8.0 x 9.0 m, 8.0 x 10.0 m, 8.0 x 11.80 m, 8.0 x 12.80 m be provided.

So in the house according to the invention, starting from the basic module an individual design on the one hand due to the free choice the interior (partitions, etc.) and by, for example ten different additional modules (conservatories, cross gables, canopies, Balconies, parking spaces (carports, etc.) possible.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention further relates to a residential building from the basic module and at least one additional module, the for example in wood as a load-bearing material.

Currently, a variety of different materials used. With the planning and the Construction of residential buildings is not just architects and planning offices, but also a variety of different professionals employed, each specialized only in a narrowly defined area are. This does not result in significant difficulties only when planning, but also when executing residential buildings, the administrative effort alone is a not inconsiderable proportion of construction costs.

Lately there has been an increasing attempt to use wood as a building material, to reduce the cost of residential buildings. All attempts in this area ultimately failed because of attempts was the previous system of residential buildings, primarily the Planning and construction of the same without fundamental change and without adapting to the building material wood. All of these attempts have failed because, for example, building concepts that are tailored to reinforced concrete construction, not simply residential buildings can be transferred from wood.

With an embodiment of the invention, which is essentially characterized is by next to and / or superimposed as cells trained modules that are cuboid or cube-shaped through the edges of the cell-forming rods, and through floor, Wall and ceiling elements, will be a system for housing, in particular residential construction from basic modules and additional modules which takes the wood construction into account and where low price per square meter an individual design of the residential building in terms of size and design, as well as arrangement of rooms, etc. is possible.

With the housing according to the invention in the last described Embodiment are made by reducing the spans of each Cells (modules) from which the residential building is built, in Connection with an adapted technology and standardization measures not only reduced costs, but also planning and Execution of residential construction simplified.

The invention takes into account the fact that wood is a solid Building material with special physical properties is, and that the basics for buildings made of concrete, which is an initially fluid Is building material, can not be transferred to residential buildings made of wood.

With the invention, the wood volumes are significantly reduced and the spans of the individual cells of the residential building according to the invention designed for the material wood.

Another advantage of the invention is that standardization of needs is possible because only one cell size is specified, with all needs by multiplying or sharing them Cell can be satisfied.

Is preferred in the context of this embodiment of the invention Cell (e.g. the basic module) from which the residential building according to the invention is produced, cuboid or preferably cubic dimensions adapted to the material wood. It is preferred in Framework of the invention if the dimensions of the invention for example cube-shaped cell in the X, Y and Z axes 2.40 to 3.40, preferably 2.60 m.

With these cells, the rooms can be defined as follows:

An entire cell (basic module), for example with the above Dimensions, as a bathroom, as a closet, as a storage room, as Balcony or used as an anteroom or corridor. If a cell as Anteroom or corridor is used, parts of it, for example can be used as a closet.

Half a cell, for example with the dimensions 1.30 x 2.60 x 2.60 m can be provided as a toilet or as a storage room.

For rooms such as living room, bedroom u. Like. For example two cells arranged side by side can be provided so that these rooms have a footprint of the above dimensions 5.20 mx 2.60 m. For kitchen, dining room, living room and. the like can, for example, four, five or six cells with a footprint of, for example, 2.60 x 2.60 m each.

By joining (side by side and on top of each other) the corresponding Number of cells, which are the basic modules and additional modules form, the housing according to the invention in terms of size and arrangement of the rooms largely freely chosen and the needs be adapted to the user of the residential building.

The cells provided according to the invention are advantageous for the Housing designed so that multi-storey residential buildings are produced can be.

For example, with the dimensions of a cell of the above housing according to the invention is sufficient space for a kitchen, given a dining area, a set of seats, etc., the at most in a multi-cell room in a residential building Support is not a disadvantage, but an enrichment the interior of the multi-cell space represent.

It is advantageously provided in the invention that the load-bearing Skeleton made up of multi-part supports a cross-sectional dimension of, for example, 14 x 14 cm and one The length of the uprights is 2.60 m. This will be a significant one Reduction of components achieved.

The bracing of the cells in the construction according to the invention formed skeleton of the residential building is made by attached to the skeleton Wall parts, e.g. External walls, facade elements, window wall elements, Interior wall elements, elements with doors and. The like. Such standardized Wall parts have a size of the cells of the residential building 2.60 x 2.60 x 2.60 m, for example the dimensions of 2.50 x 2.50 m. The design and arrangement of windows, doors and the like. the like in window wall elements or door wall elements can be standardized be. The ceiling and roof can be covered with a standardized roof or ceiling element. These ceiling elements can e.g. Beams (glued beams) with tongue and groove with a thickness of, for example 8 cm or more and a width of 50 cm become. The length of these elements (roof or ceiling element) corresponds the dimensions of the cells, e.g. 2.60 m or a multiple from that. The roof and ceiling elements are on their outer longitudinal edges preferably provided with tongue and groove so that they are form-fitting can be joined together.

The floor structures can on all floors of the invention Housing construction should be of the same design, with the load-bearing capacity described Ceiling elements due to the introduction of solid screeds the reduction of the spans (several supports for larger ones Spans) allowed, since these loads up to three floors without problems can be derived.

The roof structure is preferably made with sloping roof insulation elements.

Within the scope of the invention, interior wall elements with interior doors can also be used be provided. Even the usual furnishings, such as the installation of wet cells (bathtubs, tiles, sinks etc.) can also be standardized.

A significant advantage of the invention is that Reduction of components and work steps the production costs can be reduced, although high quality materials are used find what also leads to an increase in quality. It is advantageous that with standardized products quality assurance can be made.

Finally, the system according to the invention for a residential building Advantage that the people who build and plan the housing for the handling and planning with these (few) components is optimal can be trained.

1. Die Kosten des Tragwerkes können dadurch gesenkt werden, daß die Spannweiten von den derzeit aus dem Betonbau üblichen 4,0 bis 6,50 m auf für den Holzbau günstige 2,40 bis 3,40 m verringert werden.

2. Das erfindungsgemäße Wohnbausystem ist insoferne übersichtlich, als es mit wenigen, beispielsweise 20 standardisierten Bauteilen das Auslangen findet. Dies erlaubt es, daß die Bauteile derart optimiert ausgelegt werden können, so daß industrieübliche Platten oder Holzformate ohne zusätzliche Bearbeitungsvorgänge verwendet werden können. Beispielsweise können Plattenformate von 2,50 x 2,50 m, wie handelsübliche Verbundplatten tragende Holz-Gips-Platten (Fermacell-Platten) verwendet werden, so daß wenig Abfall anfällt und kein Zuschnitt erforderlich ist.

3. Die einzelnen Bauteile des erfindungsgemäßen Wohnbausystems können vorgefertigt werden, indem z.B. Außenwände mit eingebautem Fenster als vorgefertigter Bauteil mit fertig ausgebildeter Oberflächengestaltung vorgefertigt werden können. Gleiches gilt beispielsweise für Außenwände mit Türen und/oder Fenstern und Innenwandelemente, gegebenfalls mit fertig eingebauter Innentüre. Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, die vorgefertigten Bauteile raumsparend zur Baustelle zu transportieren und dann beispielsweise in mobilen Fertigungsanlagen, die von Baustelle zu Baustelle gebracht werden, zu den Zellen bzw. Zellenkombinationen, aus welchen der erfindungsgemäße Wohnbau zusammengestellt ist, zusammenzubauen.

4. Die Schalldämmung zwischen Wohneinheiten und Wohngeschoßen kann bei der Erfindung dadurch verbessert werden, daß keine direkte Schallübertragung durch Stützen oder sonstige Bauteile in der darüberliegenden Wohnung stattfinden kann, wenn sie akustisch entkoppelt sind, z.B. durch Gummiauflager über den Wänden oder Gummieinlagen oder Einlagen aus ähnlichem elastischem dämpfendem Werkstoff unter den Stützen (Stehern) der Zellen.

5. Die statische Befestigung der Bauteile an den Zellengerippen kann durch Schrauben, Nageln oder Kleben erfolgen. Schraubverbindungen können bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Wohnbau ebenfalls durch elastische Werkstoffe, wie Gummi od. dgl. akustisch entkoppelt werden.

With the system of a residential building according to the invention, at least one of the advantages mentioned below can be achieved:

1. The cost of the structure can be reduced by reducing the spans from the currently usual from concrete construction 4.0 to 6.50 m to 2.40 to 3.40 m favorable for timber construction.

2. The residential building system according to the invention is clear in that it is sufficient with a few, for example 20 standardized components. This allows the components to be designed in such an optimized manner that industrial plates or wood formats can be used without additional processing operations. For example, board formats of 2.50 x 2.50 m, such as wood-gypsum board (Fermacell boards) carrying commercial composite boards, can be used, so that little waste is produced and no cutting is required.

3. The individual components of the residential building system according to the invention can be prefabricated, for example by prefabricating external walls with a built-in window as a prefabricated component with a finished surface design. The same applies, for example, to external walls with doors and / or windows and internal wall elements, optionally with a fully installed internal door. This opens up the possibility of transporting the prefabricated components to the construction site in a space-saving manner and then assembling them, for example, in mobile production plants which are brought from construction site to construction site, to form the cells or cell combinations from which the residential building according to the invention is composed.

4. The sound insulation between residential units and floors can be improved in the invention in that no direct sound transmission through supports or other components can take place in the apartment above if they are acoustically decoupled, for example by rubber pads over the walls or rubber inserts or inserts from the like elastic damping material under the supports (uprights) of the cells.

5. The components can be statically attached to the cell skeletons by screwing, nailing or gluing. Screw connections can also be acoustically decoupled in the housing according to the invention by means of elastic materials such as rubber or the like.

The invention further relates to a method for project planning and project handling when building a house.

So the project planning and project execution when building a house can be processed as quickly and inexpensively as possible proposed according to the invention that a basic module according to one of the Claims 1 to 4, 6 to 11 or 13 to 31 on a screen it is shown that at least one additional module from a data memory selected according to one of claims 1, 5 or 12 to 31 and that this additional module on the basic module and on the additional module is automatically added to the basic module by the computer program.

This procedure can reduce costs associated with standardization of basic and additional modules is connected by the advantage a further cost reduction through standardized project planning and processing will be further improved.

The IT-supported project planning and execution can do the following Support areas: preparation of offers, order confirmation, Transfer of customer data to EDP-supported customer management, Creation of order-related parts lists, management of project-related drawings / documents, transfer of the parts lists for warehouse management, time recording of production, time recording of Construction management, loading lists, route planning, time recording of assembly, Post-calculation, complaint recording and a keyword index.

The preparation of offers or project planning can be handled in this way be that at least one, preferably several basic modules, if necessary already saved houses are displayed on a screen become. The most suitable basic module can be used for individual selection or the most suitable existing house can be selected and others Basic or additional modules and elements, such as exterior walls, interior walls, Windows, roof surfaces, screed surfaces, ridge lengths, fillet lengths and Insulation material can be exchanged, added or taken over. When creating an offer, customer information such as name, Address, location of construction site etc. included. With these articles must the scope of services can be selected with which they are supplied should be. As these items get to the loading list after receiving the order used and can no longer be changed, is the organizational Administration effort minimized.

The project data are then saved and included Drawing e.g. transferred to the factory by e-mail or diskette. In the factory this offer is recorded by computer. The data of the order confirmation and the CAD drawing are checked and sent to the seller as Order confirmation sent back.

The customer data of the order confirmation are automatically saved in the Customer management taken over, the customer management a customer number awards and transfers in the order confirmation.

After the final meeting or confirmation from the customer order-related parts lists generated. The calculated data can can be changed manually. After these changes are made transfer the data to warehouse management.

All project-related data are managed by a database, which enables easy access to the data.

Based on the specified work steps, a project planning system is used Schedule created for the entire project. From this schedule become delivery dates for purchased parts (e.g. windows) and production dates removed for production parts (e.g. walls). With this Project planning system the following resources are managed: Production (various cost centers), delivery and assembly (assembly teams). This data from the project planning system is stored in the database played back and can be read by authorized persons become. Furthermore, in this project planning system Production or delivery dates of individual components can be recorded. The Production planning of the orders is based on cost centers. Both Target production times are stored for individual components. With Bottleneck machines can be better controlled and this information Projects based on these machines.

After the rough project planning, the generated parts lists are displayed hand over the warehouse management. Since the database is now production and knows delivery dates from the project planning program can in Warehousing reservations and orders for everyone needed Articles are created. Warehousing determines which parts are bought and which are taken from the warehouse (reserved) become. The actual inventory departure is after the component is produced entered and the reservation is deleted. The delivery of the The order must be reported to the warehouse management. The delivery note number of the supplier must also be announced to the database. Upon receipt of the invoice, it can be accompanied by the delivery note and the Delivery quantities (order quantities) are compared. Since the system at order-related orders the delivery quantity and the billed Knowing value is an exact assignment down to the construction sites of the Projects possible. This actual data can be used for future offers be used.

In production, each individual's production times Component with employee number, cost center and component number. This data is used in the final costing and in payroll accounting further used. At the start of production of a component the order-related parts list is displayed on the screen. At the end of production of the component, this parts list can be corrected. After Corrections are carried out in warehouse management. Since the production order of the individual projects in Project planning system is known, can be after completion of the individual components of the system the next component of the next Project and only needs to be confirmed become. This will make the flow of information for production instructions optimized. The database also stores the components reported and used for the loading list.

In order to identify problems before the start of installation, it is necessary that the site manager looks after the customer after the final meeting. The Times that the site manager uses for his projects are in the database. From the average times required Site managers per scope of services will be parameters for future preliminary calculations determined.

Upon delivery, the components are loaded with IT support. From System will list all components and parts ordered by the customer Articles printed for each individual scope of services. Detected storage bins the components are also shown on the loading list, if these were recorded when the completion was reported. This list is for the loading of the trucks used. The loading is in the database confirmed and the delivery note can be printed.

Using the route planning system, target travel times of the trucks and Assembly teams determined. Actual travel times are recorded on a project basis and used for the post calculation.

The assembly times for the individual components are checked on site using a PC recorded and also serve for post calculation and wage accounting. All information about this project as well as assembly instructions for the individual components are available on these assembly PCs and can be called up by the assembly manager.

The billing of the individual order-related items is used for the final costing Orders and disposals from production as well Production times, times of site managers and assembly times used. Since all information is component-related, the manufacturing costs of the components can be determined on the basis of these post-calculations.

All complaints are project and component related in the database recorded and evaluated. So problem components can be found and common errors are recognized.

Documents that are entered in the database can be used by anyone Employees can be printed out on site. The data comparison takes place via email or diskette.

In order to be able to react more quickly to customer questions, the Database created a keyword index. The data comparison is done via email or diskette.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention emerge itself from the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings of basic modules, of additional modules, of components, from these manufactured houses and the following description of the same.

Fig. 1a bis 1g jeweils ein Grundmodul und verschiedene Abwandlungen desselben durch Hinzufügen von einem oder zwei Zusatzmoduln und/oder durch Vorsehen von Stiegen in verschiedener Anordnung und Ausführung,

Fig. 2 in Schrägansicht ein Grundmodul in zweigeschossiger Ausführung mit einem angedockten Zusatzmodul, wobei sowohl das Grundmodul als auch das Zusatzmodul ohne Wandverkleidungn und ohne Dachhaut dargestellt sind,

Fig. 3a und Fig. 3b in Seitenansicht bzw. in Vorderansicht ein Beispiel für ein Zusatzmodul,

Fig. 4a und Fig. 4b ein Zusatzmodul in Seitenansicht und in Vorderansicht, das für ein zweigeschossiges Haus bestimmt ist,

Fig. 5a und Fig. 5b in zwei unterschiedlichen Ansichten ein Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Wohnhaus, das aus einem Grundmodul (zweigeschossig) und einem Zusatzmodul besteht,

Fig. 6 übersichtsmäßig die Bauteile, aus welchen Module bzw. Zusatzmodule für einen Wohnbau zusammengesetzt sein können,

Fig. 6.1 bis Fig. 6.16 die in Fig. 6 gezeigten Bauteile in größerem Maßstab und in mehr Einzelheiten,

Fig. 7 zeigt Zellen, aus denen Module (Grundmodule, Zusatzmodule) gebildet werden können oder zu solchen aneinandergefügt werden können,

Fig. 8 bis 14 Einzelheiten von Zellen in Form von Modulen, die aneinandergefügt worden sind,

Fig. 15 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines aus Modulen zusammengesetzten Bauwerkes und

Fig. 16 einen Grundriß eines aus Grundmodulen und Zusatzmodulen zusammengesetzten Bauwerkes.

It shows: the

1a to 1g each a basic module and various modifications of the same by adding one or two additional modules and / or by providing stairs in different arrangements and designs,

2 an oblique view of a basic module in a two-story design with a docked additional module, both the basic module and the additional module being shown without wall cladding and without a roof skin,

3a and 3b in side view and in front view an example of an additional module,

4a and 4b an additional module in side view and in front view, which is intended for a two-storey house,

5a and 5b in two different views an embodiment of a residential house, which consists of a basic module (two-storey) and an additional module,

6 shows an overview of the components from which modules or additional modules can be composed for a residential building,

6.1 to 6.16 show the components shown in FIG. 6 on a larger scale and in more detail,

7 shows cells from which modules (basic modules, additional modules) can be formed or can be joined to one another,

8 to 14 details of cells in the form of modules that have been joined together,

Fig. 15 shows an embodiment of a building composed of modules and

16 is a plan view of a building composed of basic modules and additional modules.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings, various embodiments are one House, starting from a basic module 1 with the dimensions of for example, 7.0 x 11.50 m. 1a are uppermost Line a basic module 1 of a one-storey house with surrounding walls 2 and two upright 3 shown. It is also shown in Fig. 1a that one, two or more additional modules 4 are attached to the basic module 1 can be.

If the house according to the invention is a multi-storey house, then is a staircase in addition to the two uprights 3 in the basic module 1 5 provided. This stair 5 can, as Fig. 1a of the drawings (Line 2) shows, provided in the basic module 1 at different places be. Even with a basic module 1 for a multi-storey house with Stairs 5 can add additional modules 4 (one or two or more) be.

1b and 1c show a basic module 7.50 x 11.50 m and 8.0 x 11.50 m each for a one-story house and a two-story house House (the latter with stairs in various designs and arrangements) and the layout of the basic modules with one or two additional modules.

Basically, three basic modules, e.g. those of FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c, sufficiency can be found. But it is quite possible to provide further basic modules in special versions, as shown in FIG. 1d to 1g show.

In Fig. 2 is a two-storey residential building made of two Basic modules 1 arranged one above the other are shown. It is recognizable that the basic modules 1 out of boundaries, for example in the form of walls that are not yet clad in Fig. 2 and inside the boundary with (only) two uprights 3. At the in Fig. 2 shown embodiment, the additional module 4 is simpler Cultivation, for example as a porch or conservatory.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, one is on Basic module 1 attached additional module 4, which is designed as a canopy is provided. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that in addition to the boundary walls 2 (not yet clad with wall parts in FIG. 2) in basic module 1 probably only on the ground floor and on the upper floor two uprights 3 are provided. So they are not load-bearing Partitions or interior walls required, although later can be provided. From this it can be seen that the invention House in its basic module 1 using a static system load-bearing outer walls, two load-bearing supports 3 (uprights) on the ground floor, a beam parallel to the long side of the house a false ceiling 6, two load-bearing supports 3 (uprights) on the upper floor and one running parallel to the long side of the house Ridge purlin 7, on which the rafters 8 have different roof pitches lying on, exists. In Fig. 2 is the example of a canopy to see that it is possible to add any additional modules 4 to be provided if desired. The fact that no load-bearing Interior walls must be provided, the interior can be divided largely free and according to the individual wishes of the house owner to get voted.

Different embodiments of additional modules 4 are shown in FIGS 3 to 5 are shown.

3a and 3b show an additional module 4 in the form of a winter garden for a house in different views.

4a and 4b show an additional module 4 in the form of a winter garden with cross gable arranged above it, so that even one Basic module 1 formed upper floor (converted loft) one house according to the invention by the additional module 4 in its usable area is enlarged.

5a and 5b show in views an example of a device according to the invention compound house consisting of two one above the other arranged basic modules 1 and two additional modules 4 (winter garden and canopy) in the area of the ground floor and in the area of the upper floor.

It can be seen from the drawings that the house consists of a basic module and additional modules, since for example only two uprights in the basic module and (initially) no partition walls are provided, one free own customizable interior. Only the location of the staircase 5 is (see above) in different positions and designs in the basic module 1 given.

According to the invention from at least one basic module 1 and at least an additional module 4 composite houses can be different Roof pitches (e.g. 45 °, 40 °, 35 ° or 25 °) and different ones Have knee heights (e.g. 70, 100, 140 or 160 cm).

Through the above description in connection with the illustrations in the drawings it can be seen that the invention The basic principle is based on a standardized basic module 1 (if necessary in different sizes) to be provided on the additional modules 4 (in different versions) can be grown. Design options consist in the choice of the size of the basic module 1 and the number and type of additional modules attached to the basic module 1 4. In addition, there are various design options Roof pitches, for example 45 °, 40 °, 35 ° and 25 ° and Knee height. Another advantage of the invention is as already indicated that for all components, ie the basic modules and the docking modules, standardization is possible, i.e. that for example the same standard components in all basic modules / docking modules be used.

6 shows an overview of the components from which the component according to the invention is made Housing can be composed.

Fig. 6.1 shows in various views a rod 20 from which the Cells are composed that form the module according to the invention for a residential building can be put together. This rod 20 serves everyone structural components, e.g. as a support and support. Here's how shown in the following figures, the rod 20 preferably profiled, i.e. it has cutouts on its side surfaces for recording for the edges adjacent to it and the further edges emanating from it To form components of the housing according to the invention.

The rod 20 can also be composed of several parts, for example if he is a corner post in the area of an outer wall is provided. The rod 20 is made of wood and has, for example a length of 2.60 m and cross-sectional dimensions of 14 x 14 cm. As will be described later, the rod 20, which is perpendicular Upright or serves as a horizontal support for the cells, also one have a cross-sectional shape other than square, for example be profiled.

Fig. 6.2 shows an outer wall 21 including its structure, the will be described in more detail below. Fig. 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 show outer walls 21 with balcony door, window or front door. Fig. 6.6 shows an inner wall 22 and schematically its structure, the is described in more detail below. As Fig. 6.7 shows, the inside wall be provided with a door. If in that from the Element according to the invention (basic module / additional module) formed building Several apartments are provided between the apartments for example apartment partitions 23, as shown in Fig. 6.8, intended.

The ceiling or roof elements 24 can in the invention, as in 6.9 are shown, executed and consist, for example, of Glue binders that are joined together by tongue and groove connections to elements are. There may be grooves on the longitudinal outer sides and springs formed so that a plurality of ceiling or roof elements 24th can be joined together.

6.10 shows an embodiment of a floor 25 in the area the ground floor and Fig. 6.11 the formation of floor 26 in the first and second floor, the training of these floors and the in Fig. 6.12 roof element shown in more detail will be described below.

If multi-storey from the cells (modules) according to the invention Buildings can be realized, cells 27 that can be used have a staircase. An example of such a cell with a Staircase 5 is shown in top view and in an oblique view in FIG. 6.13.

6.14 and 6.15 show a balcony floor 28 and a balcony railing 29 and Fig. 6.16 a rubber support 30 for upright 20, the lower end of uprights 20 can be arranged.

7 shows examples of cells of modules on the left, for example are formed from the components shown in FIGS. 6 to 6.16, and which can be joined together to make larger housing units or to build residential buildings.

Whole cells (1 module) can be used for anteroom, bathroom, kitchen and the like. as well as half cells (1/2 module) used for toilet or storage room become. Rooms are made up of two or more cells, like this one on the right shown in Fig. 7, where it can be seen that for example in a living room, a kitchen or a dining room four cells and five cells as shown in FIG. 7 in the middle of the room Stand is provided. In the living room, consisting of six Cells, as shown on the far right in Fig. 7, are inside two uprights are provided to reduce the span so that the Execution of residential construction according to the invention in the form of basic modules can be easily realized from cells joined together.

In Fig. 8 is the area of adjacent cells with uprights 20, the formation of an apartment partition 23 and one Inner wall 22 shown for example. The apartment partition 23 consists of two shells, each with two building boards, e.g. 12.5 mm Fermacell panels (wood fibers, splinters or bound with gypsum Wood shavings, 80% wood - 20% plaster), the more than 50.0 mm relay are connected. Between the Fermacell plates with a Thickness of 12.5 mm is in the illustrated embodiment of the apartment partition insulation of the form of rock wool is provided. At a distance from this shell of the apartment partition 23 is one another shell made of Fermacell panels, connected by a 50 mm relay and the space between them is filled with rock wool, intended. Between the spaced shells the apartment partition 23 can be an expanded clay or perlite fill be provided (Fig. 8).

The inner walls 22 also connected to the uprights 20 are made for example, two spaced apart Sheets, for example Fermacell sheets, between which thermal insulation, e.g. from mineral wool / cellulose or from residues of Fermacell plates can be provided.

Fig. 8 shows that the upright 20 with a T-shaped cross-sectional shape the outer dimensions of e.g. 14 x 14 cm, with the apartment partitions 23 or their plates and the inner walls 22 over roof-shaped angled profiles e.g. made of metal (aluminum) or wood, attached to the uprights 20. Here are at the the uprights 20 adjacent edges of the apartment partitions 23 and / or the inner walls 22 season arranged with those of Fermacell panels formed walls are connected and the opposite to the roof-shaped angled attached to the uprights 20 Profiles are profiled. In addition, on the legs of the Upright 20 strips attached, which form a groove between them the edges of the plates of the apartment partition 23 are included. There is at least one between the adjacent uprights 20 elastic rod, e.g. a rubber stick, inserted. The between side by side arranged uprights are inserted elastic rods also shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

In the housing according to the invention, the corners can be enlarged Units (basic modules) merged cells only one Upright 20 may be provided. If such consist of several cells Units are put together to form larger units as shown for example in Fig. 8, the uprights together adjacent sides of multi-cell units preferably arranged in pairs.

The inner wall 22 can via angle profiles on the uprights or on the be attached to these attached strips.

Fig. 9 shows an arrangement of uprights 20 (top view) in Area of an outer wall 21, with an upright partition wall attached to the uprights 20 23 is connected. The outer walls 21 are made from the inside seen from the outside from a sandwich panel, e.g. a building board (Fermacell) with glued rock wool layer, a glued composite board made of rigid foam + wood-based panel (plywood, OSB, Fermacell), on the outside a sound insulation strip (rubber profile) 9, that is, in the building from top to bottom, on the outside a cement-bonded particle board or attached a concrete slab, e.g. clamped between stands 20 is.

Fig. 9 also shows that the uprights 20 consist of several parts, e.g. two Parts can be composed, with the individual parts by Rubber springs and corresponding connecting means (such as screws or Nails) are held together. Here too is between the neighboring ones Stand 20 inserted a rubber stick. In the inside angle between the outer wall and the apartment partition are angular profiles on both sides provided so that a conclusion is achieved in the corner area.

10 shows an outer corner of a cell according to the invention with two at right angles adjacent outer walls 21 which the May have the structure described above with reference to FIG. 9.

11 shows a top view of the abutting region Cells in the area of one consisting of at least two cells Unit in which a post 20 is arranged with a T-shaped cross-sectional shape is. The two outer walls 21 have the on the basis of Fig. 9 described structure. The inner wall 22, which is attached to the upright 20 is connected, the described metal (aluminum) profile or a wooden profile is provided, which in the edge area of the Intervening inner wall 22 may have the structure described. The outer walls 21 can be nailed to the upright 20 or be connected by a nail press gluing. Fig. 11 also shows a terminal strip attached to the upright 20 and running parallel to it, the one on the outside of the outermost panel of the outer wall is applied and this clamps against the sound insulation strip arranged behind it covers.

12 shows the structure of a floor ceiling 26 in vertical section (above a ground floor or above an upper floor) in the area of one Outer wall 21 of a residential building according to the invention, formed from cells. The supporting element of the ceiling 26 are those mentioned Ceiling elements 24 (Fig. 6.9) on which there is a conventional floor made of screed, impact sound and thermal insulation and a floor covering is constructed. The outside of the ceiling elements is between the horizontal supports provided there by a cover strip Wood or metal covered to protect the ceiling elements 24 from the elements to protect.

Fig. 12 also shows in the upper floor an outer wall element with to window or balcony door reaching to the floor 40.

13 shows in vertical section in the area of a floor ceiling 26 two adjoining cells, on the outside of which a balcony slab 28 (see Fig. 6.14) is attached. The balcony slab is on the building side 28 on a fixed to the edge-side ceiling element 24 Balcony support on.

14 shows the design of the roof 27 according to FIG. 6.12 Verge, with the roof as a warm roof with a gravel or glass or Concrete quarry is formed. There is a slope wedge on the edge intended. The outer wall element arranged in the area of the roof of FIG. 16 is as an outer wall element with a balcony door according to Fig. 6.3 educated.

18 and 19 show an embodiment in the form of a Section from a cell according to the invention (basic modules) and described components manufactured housing. It shows: Fig. 18 is a schematic side view and Fig. 19 shows an embodiment floor plan of the second floor. 19 shows that each of the two apartments (shown) composed of several cells is, in the area of a residential unit the vertical upright individual cells are each simply formed. Only in that Area in which adjoining apartments adjoin each other, the vertical uprights of the individual cells stand side by side in pairs arranged like this in more detail, for example 8 and 9.

In summary, a preferred embodiment of the invention House can be described as follows:

A house that consists of at least one basic module and at least one to the basic module attached docking module is in its Interior layout largely free to design, as the basic module as a static system with load-bearing outer walls and only two load-bearing walls Columns on the ground floor and two load-bearing columns on the upper floor is formed, provided an upper floor is provided. Thereby, that predefined docking modules (attachments) are added to the basic module further design options are opened up. The House can be in conventional construction as a prefabricated house or in a mixed construction, combined from conventional construction (masonry) and prefabricated parts be executed.

All dimensions contained in the drawings are only examples and not to be understood as restrictive.

The design of the residential building preferably takes on timber construction Consideration. The wooden structure consists of any one joined together Cells, the upright and carrier of which together form a cubic Skeletons are connected. There are prefabricated wall parts, floor and Ceiling parts provided, which, depending on the need on the cells, of which are also combined into larger units can, are attached. The static strength of the on the invention Cells or multiples or parts of these cells reached by the wall parts attached to the cells.

Claims (42)

House, characterized in that there is at least one basic module and at least one additional module attached to the basic module having. House according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic module in several standardized sizes, for example in two standardized sizes is provided. House according to claim 2, characterized in that basic modules with the dimensions 7 x 11.50 m, 7.50 x 11.50 m and 8 x 11.80 m are provided. House according to claim 2, characterized in that basic modules with the dimensions 8.60 x 8.60 m, 8.0 x 9.0 m, 8.0 x 10.0 m and 8.0 x 12.80 m are provided. House according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that additional modules are provided that serve as a winter garden, cross gable, Canopy and / or balcony are formed. House according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the basic module with at least two different roof pitches is provided. House according to claim 6, characterized in that each basic module provided in the roof pitches 45 °, 40 °, 35 ° and 25 ° is. House according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that in every basic module that is for a multi-story house is determined, a connecting the ground floor with the upper floor Stair is provided. House according to claim 8, characterized in that basic modules with different designs / arrangements of the stairs are provided. House according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the basic module for a multi-storey house in embodiments with different height of the knee stick, for example 70 cm, 100 cm, 140 cm and 160 cm is provided. House according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that that the basic module as a prefabricated house or in a mixed construction Masonry / precast is provided. House according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that that the additional modules as a finished part or in a mixed construction Masonry / precast are provided. House according to claim 11, characterized in that the basic module and / or the additional module is made of prefabricated wood is. House according to claim 11, characterized in that the basic module and / or the additional module as a mixed construction of masonry / prefabricated wood is trained. Building, in particular house according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by adjacent and / or superimposed cells as modules that are cuboid or cube-shaped through the edges of the cell-forming rods, and through Floor, wall and ceiling elements. Building according to claim 15, characterized in that the Bars are made of wood. Building according to claim 16, characterized in that the Rods made of wood at least from two in the longitudinal direction Parts exist. Building according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that that the wall elements have dimensions that in essentially the dimensions of the side faces of the cells correspond. Building according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that that outer wall elements are provided. Building according to claim 19, characterized in that in the Exterior wall elements balcony doors and / or windows and / or front doors are provided. Building according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that that inner wall elements are provided. Building according to claim 21, characterized in that inner wall elements are provided with doors. Building according to one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that that apartment partitions are provided. Building according to one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that that elements for ceilings and roof are provided. Structure according to claim 24, characterized in that the Elements for ceiling and / or roof made of glue-laminated wood are. Structure according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the ceiling and roof elements made of wooden glued girders lying next to each other are joined by tongue and groove connections. Building according to one of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that that the longitudinal narrow sides of the ceiling and roof elements are formed with grooves and tongues. Building according to one of claims 15 to 27, characterized in that that adjacent cells have common rods have. Building according to one of claims 15 to 27, characterized in that that adjacent cells are parallel to each other have arranged, side by side rods. Structure according to claim 29, characterized in that between Adjacent rods, elastic inserts, for example provided in the form of rods made of elastic material are. Building according to one of claims 15 to 30, characterized in that that supports at the lower end of uprights of the cells are made of elastic material. Procedures for IT-supported project planning and project execution when building a house, characterized in that a basic module according to one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 11 or 13 to 31 is shown on a screen that from a Data storage at least one additional module according to one of the claims 1, 5 or 12 to 31 is selected, and that this Additional module on the basic module and on the additional module from the computer program is automatically added to the basic module. A method according to claim 32, characterized in that the Basic module from several, stored in a data memory Basic modules is selected. Method according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that that on the basic module at least one additional basic module automatically added to both basic modules by the computer program become. Method according to one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that that several additional modules are added to the basic module become. Method according to one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that that according to a method according to any one of the claims 32 to 35 designed house with retrieved from a database Elements such as windows, roof areas, dining areas, Burr lengths, fillet lengths, insulation material corrected or supplemented becomes. Method according to one of claims 32 to 36, characterized in that that a by the method according to any one of the claims 32 to 36 designed house stored in a data store becomes. A method according to claim 37, characterized in that customer-specific Data in connection with the stored data of the house can be saved in a data storage device. Method according to one of claims 32 to 38, characterized in that that an offer based on stored in a database Price lists of the modules and elements is created. Method according to one of claims 32 to 39, characterized in that that BOMs are EDP-supported using the modules and elements be created, which to a warehouse management be passed on. Method according to one of claims 37 to 40, characterized in that that a schedule based on the stored data is created for the project. Method according to one of claims 37 to 41, characterized in that that the stored data is forwarded to production become.

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