EP0953541A1 - Dispositif et élément de remplissage - Google Patents

Dispositif et élément de remplissage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0953541A1
EP0953541A1 EP99104000A EP99104000A EP0953541A1 EP 0953541 A1 EP0953541 A1 EP 0953541A1 EP 99104000 A EP99104000 A EP 99104000A EP 99104000 A EP99104000 A EP 99104000A EP 0953541 A1 EP0953541 A1 EP 0953541A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling
gas
control valve
valve
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99104000A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0953541B1 (fr
Inventor
Ludwig Clüsserath
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KHS GmbH
Original Assignee
KHS MASCHINEN- und ANLAGENBAU
KHS Maschinen und Anlagenbau AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KHS MASCHINEN- und ANLAGENBAU, KHS Maschinen und Anlagenbau AG filed Critical KHS MASCHINEN- und ANLAGENBAU
Publication of EP0953541A1 publication Critical patent/EP0953541A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0953541B1 publication Critical patent/EP0953541B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/22—Details
    • B67C3/28—Flow-control devices, e.g. using valves
    • B67C3/286—Flow-control devices, e.g. using valves related to flow rate control, i.e. controlling slow and fast filling phases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/06—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus using counterpressure, i.e. filling while the container is under pressure
    • B67C3/10—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus using counterpressure, i.e. filling while the container is under pressure preliminary filling with inert gases, e.g. carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/06—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus using counterpressure, i.e. filling while the container is under pressure
    • B67C3/12—Pressure-control devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
    • B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
    • B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
    • B67C3/22—Details
    • B67C3/26—Filling-heads; Means for engaging filling-heads with bottle necks
    • B67C3/2614—Filling-heads; Means for engaging filling-heads with bottle necks specially adapted for counter-pressure filling
    • B67C3/2625—Filling-heads; Means for engaging filling-heads with bottle necks specially adapted for counter-pressure filling the liquid valve being opened automatically when a given counter-pressure is obtained in the container to be filled
    • B67C3/2631—Filling-heads; Means for engaging filling-heads with bottle necks specially adapted for counter-pressure filling the liquid valve being opened automatically when a given counter-pressure is obtained in the container to be filled and the filling operation stopping when probes, e.g. electrical or optical probes, sense the wanted liquid level

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filling system for filling bottles or the same container with a liquid filling material under back pressure and on a Filling element.
  • the object of the invention is a filling system or to show a suitable filling element for such a system, which at Simplified construction is very universal.
  • the invention makes it possible to change only the control of the individual Control valves provided separately for each filler and there each are individually controllable, i.e. only by changing a program of the electrical control device different, also optimal for the respective product to carry out adapted filling processes. Developments of the invention are Subject of the subclaims.
  • 1 is the ring bowl of the filling machine, which is in a known manner Part of the rotor of this machine rotating around the vertical machine axis is.
  • the interior 2 of the ring bowl 1 is up to one predetermined level N controlled filled with the liquid product (beverage), so that there is a liquid space 2 'occupied by the liquid filling material in the interior 2 and above it a gas space 2 ′′, which contains an inert gas, for example CO2 gas a predetermined or regulated filling pressure.
  • an inert gas for example CO2 gas a predetermined or regulated filling pressure.
  • Bottle carrier 4 On the circumference of the ring bowl 1 are distributed at uniform angular intervals Filling elements 3 are provided, each together with a raised and lowered Bottle carrier 4 form a filling point, to fill each with their Stand up on the bottle carrier 4 and from this with its mouth 5 in Sealing layer against the filling element 3 pressed bottle 6.
  • the filling elements 3 are designed as long tube filling elements and have an over the underside of the filler element housing 7 or via the centering element 8 there Seal 9 protruding down filling tube 10, which at the filling element. 3 attached container 6 inside this container to near the bottom of the container enough.
  • the liquid channel 11 is formed, one end of which a passage 12 communicates with the liquid space 2 '.
  • the other end of the liquid channel 11 is inside the housing 7 with the upper, open one End of the filling tube 10 in connection.
  • a valve body with tappet formed liquid valve 13 is provided, which the plunger by means of a pneumatic actuator 13 '.
  • the housing 7 also includes a gas channel 14 formed at the bottom of the Housing 7 in an annular opening concentrically surrounding the filling tube 10 15 passes over the gas channel 14 when the bottle 6 is pressed against the filling element 3 is tightly connected to the inside of the bottle.
  • the filling element 3 has three individually pneumatically actuable control valves 16, 17, 18 connected as follows:
  • a channel 24 is furthermore formed in the housing 7 and is located between the channel 20 and the gas channel 14 and in which a check valve 25 is provided, in such a way that this check valve 25 for a flow from the channel 20 in blocks the gas channel 14, but opens for a flow in the opposite direction.
  • a check valve 25 is provided, in such a way that this check valve 25 for a flow from the channel 20 in blocks the gas channel 14, but opens for a flow in the opposite direction.
  • With the gas channel 14 is still a channel 26 directly connected to one in the Ring bowl 1 also formed annular space or ring channel 27 opens.
  • a nozzle or throttle indicated by 22 'is In channel 22 a nozzle or throttle indicated by 22 'is provided.
  • Another nozzle or Throttle 26 ' is provided in the channel 26. Is parallel to the throttle 22 ' Check valve 28, which acts as a bypass to the nozzle 22 'in the flow direction Back gas duct 23 blocks, but opens in the opposite direction.
  • This process variant is particularly suitable for top- and bottom-fermented beers up to about 6.0 g CO 2 / liter, for wheat beers up to about 9.0 g. CO 2 / liter and oxygen-sensitive soft drinks.
  • This process variant is also particularly suitable for filling bottles 6 made of plastic (PET bottles), in which pre-evacuation is ruled out as a method for low-oxygen filling because of the lack of dimensional stability under vacuum.
  • Table I below shows the individual process steps and the states of the liquid valve 13 and of the control valves 16-18 in these process steps, the control valves being in their closed position unless the open state of the control valve in question is expressly stated.
  • Procedural step Condition of control valves 16 -18 Condition of the liquid valve 13 Pre-flush bottle 6 with CO2 Valve 16 opened Valve 13 closed The bottle 6 is flushed with CO2 from the gas space 2 ′′ of the ring bowl when the bottle plate 4 is lifted onto the filling element 3. The air is partially displaced from the interior of the bottle 6.
  • Valve 17 opened Partial prestressing from the return gas channel 23 via the opening check valve 28 and the gas channel 14
  • Valve 18 opened Valve 13 closed The CO2 discharged into the return gas duct during the actual filling process is reused in this process step, thereby reducing the CO2 consumption.
  • Valve 16 opened Valve 13 closed In the interior of the filling tube 10 and in the lower part of the bottle 6, a practically pure CO2 atmosphere is established immediately before the start of filling.
  • Valve 17 opened Slow filling (filling phase)
  • Valve 13 opened The filling material hits the bottle base slowly and with few bubbles from the filling tube 10. The slow filling continues until the end of the filling tube is immersed in the product level.
  • All control valves 16-18 are closed.
  • the gas flows into the relief channel 27 via the nozzle 26 ′.
  • Quick fill Valve 18 opened Valve 13 opened A high filling performance is achieved by high inflow speeds into the non-critical, usually cylindrical part of the bottle.
  • the gas flows through the nozzles 22 'and 26' into the corresponding ring channels 23 and 27, respectively.
  • Brake and correction fill Valve 13 opened In the narrowing bottle neck, the filling speed is reduced to the value of the filling phase.
  • the product level reaches the probe, not shown, provided on the filling tube 10 with a smooth surface image, which causes the filling valve 13 to close with a precise filling level.
  • the gas from the bottle flows through the nozzle 26 ′ into the relief channel 27.
  • Valve 18 opened Valve 13 closed
  • the pressure inside the bottle 6 is reduced to the pressure level of the return gas channel 23. At this pressure level, the product is quickly degassed and calmed down. Trapped bubbles rise to the surface of the filling material without appreciable foaming.
  • the pressure builds up via the nozzles 22 'and 26' and is finally kept at the return gas pressure via the opened control valve 18.
  • This process variant is particularly suitable for filling oxygen-sensitive soft drinks for the combined filling of beer and Soft drinks as well as juices and soft drinks.
  • Table II below shows the individual process steps and the states of the liquid valve 13 and of the control valves 16-18 in these process steps, the control valves being in their closed position, unless the open state of the control valve in question is expressly stated.
  • Procedural step Condition of control valves 16-18 State of the filling valve 13 Lift bottle 6 and press on filling element 3 Valve 13 closed Partial prestressing from the return gas channel 23 via the opening check valve 28 and the gas channel 14 Valve 18 opened Valve 13 closed
  • the CO2 discharged into the return gas duct during the actual filling process is reused to reduce CO2 consumption Prestressing from the gas space 2 '' Valve 17 opened Valve 13 closed This prestressing takes place via the channels 14, 21 and 24, via the open valve 17 and the opening check valve 25.
  • the product level reaches the probe, not shown, provided on the filling tube 10 with a smooth surface image, which causes the filling valve 13 to close with a precise filling level.
  • the gas from the bottle flows through the nozzle 26 ′ into the relief channel 27.
  • Filling and subsequent preloading and calming down to return gas pressure Valve 18 opened Valve 13 closed
  • the pressure in the bottle 6 is reduced to the pressure level of the return gas channel 23.
  • the product is quickly degassed and calmed down. Trapped bubbles rise to the surface of the filling material without appreciable foaming.
  • the pressure builds up via the nozzles 22 'and 26' and is kept at the return gas pressure via the opened control valve 18.
  • Table III below shows the individual process steps and the states of the liquid valve 13 and of the control valves 16-18 in these process steps, the control valves being in their closed position unless the open state of the control valve in question is expressly stated.
  • Procedural step Condition of control valves 16-18 State of the filling valve 13 Lift bottle 6 and press on filling element 3 Valve 13 closed Partial prestressing from the return gas channel 23 via the opening check valve 28 and the gas channel 14 Valve 18 opened Valve 13 closed The CO2 discharged into the return gas duct during the actual filling process is reused to reduce CO2 consumption. Prestressing from the gas space 2 '' Valve 17 opened Valve 13 closed This prestressing takes place via the channels 14, 21 and 24, via the open valve 17 and the opening check valve 25.
  • the product level reaches the probe, not shown, provided on the filling tube 10 with a smooth surface image, which causes the filling valve 13 to close with a precise filling level.
  • the gas from the bottle flows into the relief channel 27 via the nozzle 26 ′.
  • Filling and subsequent preloading and calming down to return gas pressure Valve 18 opened Valve 13 closed
  • the pressure in the bottle 6 is reduced to the pressure level of the return gas channel 23.
  • the product is quickly degassed and calmed down. Trapped bubbles rise to the surface of the filling material without appreciable foaming.
  • the pressure builds up via the nozzles 22 'and 26' and is kept at the return gas pressure via the opened control valve 18.
  • Valve 16 opened Valve 13 closed In this process step, CO2 released in the filling tube 10 can be discharged upwards. A pushing out of the filling material from the filling pipe 10 by degassing CO2 and expanding gas is avoided.
  • Valve 18 opened Relieve residual pressure in the relief duct 27 Valve 13 closed When the control valves 16-18 are closed and the filling valve 13 is closed, the residual relief takes place via the nozzle 26 '. The internal pressure in the bottle is reduced to atmospheric pressure. Empty filling tube 10 and lower bottle 6 Valve 16 opened Valve 13 closed The filling material in the filling tube 10 flows into the bottle when it is lowered.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Filling Of Jars Or Cans And Processes For Cleaning And Sealing Jars (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
EP99104000A 1998-04-27 1999-03-12 Dispositif et élément de remplissage Expired - Lifetime EP0953541B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19818762A DE19818762A1 (de) 1998-04-27 1998-04-27 Füllsystem sowie Füllelement
DE19818762 1998-04-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0953541A1 true EP0953541A1 (fr) 1999-11-03
EP0953541B1 EP0953541B1 (fr) 2003-12-17

Family

ID=7865921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99104000A Expired - Lifetime EP0953541B1 (fr) 1998-04-27 1999-03-12 Dispositif et élément de remplissage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6189578B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0953541B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3068085B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE256632T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9902483A (fr)
DE (2) DE19818762A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1122210A3 (fr) * 2000-01-15 2001-09-26 KHS Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Aktiengesellschaft Tête de remplissage
CN102522223A (zh) * 2011-11-09 2012-06-27 南京大学 真空灌装的可控灌装方法
CN110730757A (zh) * 2017-05-09 2020-01-24 克朗斯公司 用于用填充产品填充容器的装置和方法

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JP4352192B2 (ja) * 1999-11-16 2009-10-28 澁谷工業株式会社 ガス詰め充填機
DE10129155A1 (de) * 2001-06-16 2003-01-02 Krones Ag Füllorgan für Behälterfüllmaschinen
WO2004096113A2 (fr) 2003-04-28 2004-11-11 Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. Contenant a ensemble soupape pour le remplissage et la distribution de substances, et dispositif et procede pour le remplissage
US7628184B2 (en) * 2003-11-07 2009-12-08 Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. Adjustable needle filling and laser sealing apparatus and method
DE10359492B3 (de) * 2003-12-13 2005-09-15 Khs Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Ag Füllelement für eine Füllmaschine
DE20319789U1 (de) * 2003-12-20 2004-02-26 Khs Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Ag Füllmaschine mit separatem Rückgaskanal
DE102004015167B3 (de) * 2004-03-27 2005-11-03 Khs Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Ag Füllelement
DE102004029788A1 (de) * 2004-06-19 2006-01-12 Khs Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Ag Vorrichtung zum Etikettieren von Gefäßen
DE202005007446U1 (de) * 2005-05-11 2005-12-15 Krones Ag Vorrichtung zum Füllen von Gefäßen
DE102005026986A1 (de) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Befüllen und Verschließen von Behältnissen
EP1772424A3 (fr) 2005-10-04 2007-06-06 Adcor Industries, Inc. Vanne de remplissage pour machine de remplissage pour boissons
DE102005052197A1 (de) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-16 Endress & Hauser Process Solut Verfahren zum sicheren Abfüllen bei ventilgesteuerten Abfüllanlagen
DE102006017706A1 (de) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-25 Khs Ag Füllelemente sowie Füllmaschine mit einem Füllelement
CN101583556B (zh) * 2006-11-29 2011-05-04 西得乐控股科技有限公司 填料阀单元
RU2368828C1 (ru) * 2008-04-01 2009-09-27 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Новосибирскпродмаш" Трехходовой кран (варианты) и устройство для ручного розлива пенящихся и/или газированных напитков в открытую тару с его использованием
DE102010024522A1 (de) * 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Khs Gmbh Verfahren sowie Füllelement zum Druckfüllen von Behältern mit einem flüssigen Füllgut
IT1403422B1 (it) * 2010-12-23 2013-10-17 Sidel Spa Con Socio Unico Sistema e metodo di riempimento di un contenitore con un prodotto versabile
KR101569603B1 (ko) * 2011-04-06 2015-11-16 미쯔비시 쥬우꼬오 쇼구힌호오소오기까이 가부시키가이샤 회전식 충전기 및 회전식 충전기의 충전량 연산 방법
DE102011112925A1 (de) * 2011-09-13 2013-03-14 Khs Gmbh Verfahren, Füllsystem und Füllelement zum Füllen von Behältern
US9248416B2 (en) * 2012-09-14 2016-02-02 Marc C. Striebinger Apparatus for the pressurization and evacuation of a container
DE102013107260A1 (de) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Khs Gmbh Füllsystem
DE102013107256A1 (de) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Khs Gmbh Füllsystem sowie Verfahren zum Behandeln von Behältern mit einem Prozessgas
CN104340939A (zh) * 2013-08-02 2015-02-11 上海超玛机电科技有限公司 一种灌装机的灌装方法
DE102013108638A1 (de) * 2013-08-09 2015-03-05 Khs Gmbh Verfahren sowie System zum Spülen von Behältern
DE102013109430A1 (de) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 Khs Gmbh Verfahren sowie Füllsystem zum Füllen von Behältern
JP6207371B2 (ja) * 2013-12-10 2017-10-04 三菱重工メカトロシステムズ株式会社 液体充填装置
WO2016030786A1 (fr) * 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Dr Wine Tech Procédé permettant de remplir des bouteilles avec du vin
EP3118131B1 (fr) * 2015-07-16 2018-01-31 Sidel Participations Machine et dispositif de remplissage de recipients
EP3176126B1 (fr) * 2015-12-04 2018-08-08 Sidel Participations Dispositif de remplissage pour une machine de remplissage
DE102016118474A1 (de) * 2016-09-29 2018-03-29 Krones Ag Vorrichtung zum Beeinflussen des Volumenstroms eines Füllprodukts in einer Abfüllanlage
US11345580B2 (en) * 2017-10-16 2022-05-31 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Method for filling container with a gasified liquid and associated devices
US11046572B2 (en) * 2018-12-13 2021-06-29 Robert Edwards Beer dispenser

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DE4126136A1 (de) * 1991-08-07 1993-02-11 Seitz Enzinger Noll Masch Fuellelement
DE9311427U1 (de) * 1993-07-31 1994-09-08 Krones Ag Hermann Kronseder Maschinenfabrik, 93073 Neutraubling Vorrichtung zum Füllen von Gefäßen mit einer Flüssigkeit
DE4434174A1 (de) * 1994-09-24 1996-03-28 Khs Masch & Anlagenbau Ag Verfahren zum Abfüllen eines flüssigen Füllgutes in Flaschen oder dergleichen Behälter

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US5301488A (en) * 1992-11-06 1994-04-12 National Instrument Company, Inc. Programmable filling and capping machine

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4126136A1 (de) * 1991-08-07 1993-02-11 Seitz Enzinger Noll Masch Fuellelement
DE9311427U1 (de) * 1993-07-31 1994-09-08 Krones Ag Hermann Kronseder Maschinenfabrik, 93073 Neutraubling Vorrichtung zum Füllen von Gefäßen mit einer Flüssigkeit
DE4434174A1 (de) * 1994-09-24 1996-03-28 Khs Masch & Anlagenbau Ag Verfahren zum Abfüllen eines flüssigen Füllgutes in Flaschen oder dergleichen Behälter

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1122210A3 (fr) * 2000-01-15 2001-09-26 KHS Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Aktiengesellschaft Tête de remplissage
CN102522223A (zh) * 2011-11-09 2012-06-27 南京大学 真空灌装的可控灌装方法
CN110730757A (zh) * 2017-05-09 2020-01-24 克朗斯公司 用于用填充产品填充容器的装置和方法
CN110730757B (zh) * 2017-05-09 2022-05-13 克朗斯公司 用于用填充产品填充容器的装置和方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0953541B1 (fr) 2003-12-17
JP3068085B2 (ja) 2000-07-24
BR9902483A (pt) 2000-02-29
DE59908058D1 (de) 2004-01-29
DE19818762A1 (de) 1999-10-28
ATE256632T1 (de) 2004-01-15
US6189578B1 (en) 2001-02-20
JPH11334794A (ja) 1999-12-07

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