EP0946853B1 - Geschoss mit kontrollierter verformung - Google Patents

Geschoss mit kontrollierter verformung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0946853B1
EP0946853B1 EP98943964A EP98943964A EP0946853B1 EP 0946853 B1 EP0946853 B1 EP 0946853B1 EP 98943964 A EP98943964 A EP 98943964A EP 98943964 A EP98943964 A EP 98943964A EP 0946853 B1 EP0946853 B1 EP 0946853B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
product
impact
projectile according
jacket
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98943964A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0946853A1 (de
Inventor
Richard Guillot-Ulmann
Gérard HAMY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SAE ALSETEX
Original Assignee
SAE ALSETEX
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SAE ALSETEX filed Critical SAE ALSETEX
Publication of EP0946853A1 publication Critical patent/EP0946853A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0946853B1 publication Critical patent/EP0946853B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a projectile with controlled deformation intended in particular, but not exclusively for neutralization at short distance individuals or animals in day-to-day operations maintaining order without causing irreversible damage.
  • targets are sought, dispersion of a liquid or a powder on a targeted individual or soft shock effect.
  • Fragmentation is ruled out because not only do we move away of a soft shock but we can also create lesions severe localized.
  • the projectile must exhibits very high deformability and elasticity minimized on the axis of impact to avoid any rebound.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of conventional ammunition by obtaining a significant amount of movement at higher speeds low, which optimizes the impact surface taking into account very high deformability linked to almost elasticity zero in the axis of fire and therefore allows to remain very reproducible regardless of the place (hard or soft) affected by the target in terms of energy deposited per unit area, and therefore easier to adapt so as not to provoke irreversible damage.
  • the projectile with very high deformability at the impact intended for neutralization by shock effect is characterized in that it comprises at least one envelope flexible, elastic and extensible filled with at least one solid Split.
  • This divided solid can be a powder or a product. with small particle size.
  • the envelope is, according to the invention, fine or very fine and, for example with a thickness of less than 0.5 millimeter and is chosen so as not to impose a form on the projectile, but to keep its coherence.
  • the projectile is thus amorphous, that is to say that it has no shape clean and minimal or even zero shape memory. then a sudden impact or stop on the target aimed at the projectile crashes along the axis of the shot and deforms radially (case impact with normal incidence on a flat surface).
  • the product grains are compressed in the axis of firing at almost zero speed (relative to the surface target).
  • the radial deformation produced by this stake pressure causes instantaneous radial expansion of the elastic envelope and provides a distribution homogeneous energy transferred to the target.
  • the result obtained depends, of course, on the diameter of the envelope and the granular mass introduced.
  • the deformable projectile intended to neutralize by shock effect can be launched by a firearm, pneumatic or mechanical, and may be or not filled in, propelled by powder, gas or spring.
  • the present invention aims to distribute the force of the impact on an enlarged surface so as not to create too much trauma. By proximity and within examples given below, we will hear a distance of zero 50 meters.
  • the product used to fill the flexible envelope is characterized by a particle size ranging from less than 1 micron to 100 microns, depending on the coefficient of friction surface area of the product used, whatever its origin, and keeps sufficient cohesion when passing through the launch tube and during the flight to prevent any undesirable deformation.
  • a particle size ranging from less than 1 micron to 100 microns, depending on the coefficient of friction surface area of the product used, whatever its origin, and keeps sufficient cohesion when passing through the launch tube and during the flight to prevent any undesirable deformation.
  • it can be non-limiting way of a product or a set of powder products with a particle size of the order of a micron, or hollow or non-glass, PVC or Teflon beads (PTFE) having diameters up to 100 microns, or any combination of these types of products.
  • PTFE Teflon beads
  • the invention overcomes the disadvantages of prior art projectiles.
  • the fluidity of the projectile depends on the nature and the granulometry of the solid divided controllable parameters during the manufacturing; The effect obtained results from bodies which are neither liquids or aqueous gels which avoids the effects disruptors.
  • the projectiles are stable at all operating temperatures. At the start of the shooting, the projectile being amorphous, it is enough to pack it in the socket and protect it from heat. A simple skirt separates very easily from the projectile to the exit of the tube.
  • the projectile is amorphous i.e. it has no shape defined outside the socket or shape memory. he therefore does not have an energy distribution in the axis of shot at impact and it only deforms in function of impact and not according to its own form.
  • the projectile has a density close to that of the human body which ensures a transfer optimal energy by minimizing the risk of penetration at the impact.
  • the projectile settles and takes the shape of the socket occupying all the available volume and retains an approximately cylindrical shape when flight which avoids unbalance and allows good accuracy shooting.
  • Weights vary according to diameters, speeds and origins of the product. For example, based on the tests: 1 kg of powdery product, such as food flour No. 45, product taken as an example, with a particle size of approximately 1 / 1000th of a millimeter allows 20 projectiles to be produced 40 mm., The actual diameter of which is 45 mm. and weight of 50 grams when closing the envelopes. These projectiles undergo a slight deformation to allow their introduction into the tube or case (cartridge) and after the starting acceleration, resume their natural form in contracting (going from an ovoid shape to a shape spherical).
  • the inertia of the filling product distorts the envelope, little granular product remains in the center and the majority of the product is ejected at the periphery of the envelope.
  • the distortion that would affect accuracy does not may occur during firing, the projectile being molded and held by the firing tube once the material of filling in place, forcing slightly compared to nominal diameter of said tube (forced ovoid shape, becoming again more or less spherical after its exit from the tube).
  • the resistance and the empty diameter of the envelope (s) are a function of the mass of the filling product (s), speed and caliber chosen.
  • the mass of the filling products is a function of speed and chosen caliber.
  • the diameter of the empty projectile must be approximately 30 mm.
  • the diameter of 40 to 45 mm. is obtained after introduction and compaction of 50 grams of filling product.
  • the final diameter of the projectile is obtained by compaction and it it is possible to vary the weights in the same caliber, in a range of + or - 25%, regardless of the size. Of the compaction pressure depends on the instant surface obtained on impact (all other things being equal).
  • the projectile is included in a case or cartridge 13 which contains below the projectile a wad 10, a propellant charge 11 and a primer 12.
  • a wad 10 a wad 10
  • a propellant charge 11 a propellant charge 11
  • primer 12 a primer 12
  • any other means of propulsion can be used.
  • zone A which corresponds to the contact zone primary, sees its power decrease without increase of penetration by escape of the filling product in zone B, thus spreading the impact over a large area.
  • Zone C ( Figure 5) shows the spread of the primary impact which becomes maximum. This end result is due to the interaction between the elasticity of the envelope or envelopes (1 and / or 2) and the mass of the product 3.
  • this material 4 retained is homogeneous, highly deformable, elastic and can undergo significant lengthening.
  • this material 4 of higher density that the compacted material 3 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, is placed in a preferred version of the invention, at bottom of envelope 1, so as to be at the front of the projectile during firing, with a thickness corresponding to approximately in volume at the sinking observed in zone C (figure 5).
  • This material 4 can for example be deposited depending on the shape of a disc or a spherical sector.
  • zone B is created bypassing the zone A occupied by the homogeneous matter.
  • the material 4 used being absorbent with respect to screw shock waves, the wave reflected on the target is attenuated and the amount of material remaining in the axis of the zone C is reduced. The impact is thus better distributed and the observed depression is reduced.
  • the filling product 3 may be inert or include a coloring component disappearing after a few days allowing a rapid identification of an individual. More generally the product 3 can include one or more active products allowing subsequent identification of the target, such as dye (in the visible spectrum or not) or an odorous product (detected by example using sensors or specially animals trained)
  • the projectile according to the invention can be projected at speeds of at least 150 meters / second, (which prohibits its direct use against a person). It is then able to pierce a window or a classic door. The envelope tears and bursts at the moment shock, instantly releasing its contents under a huge volume (cloud) of product particles, given its mass.
  • the projectile could then contain for example, so preferential, a chemical neutralization product in OC type powder (oleoresin capsicum) or its derivatives, Capsaicin, CN (2-chloroacetophenone) or CS (O-chlorobenzylidènemalononitrile) or CR (dibenzoxazepine).
  • This projectile fired from a distance therefore allows neutralization mass without fire risks linked to smoke devices classics in a closed room.
  • the active product is propelled forward by its own inertia by its speed, exceeding the limits elasticity of the envelope (s).
  • the projectile crosses and bursts on passing the obstacle, reducing notable the risks of direct impact on an individual located the other side of the obstacle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Geschoss mit sehr hoher Verformbarkeit beim Aufprall bestimmt zur Herbeiführung von Kampfunfähigkeit durch Stoßwirkung von Personen oder Tieren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens eine weiche, elastische und dehnbare Hülle (1, 2) aufweist, die mindestens mit einem zerkleinerten Feststoff (3) gefüllt ist, das bei einem Stoß oder Aufprall auf das gewählte Ziel sich in Bezug auf die Schussachse radial verformt.
  2. Geschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt (3) aus einem oder mehreren in Körner oder Kugeln zerkleinerten Feststoffen gebildet ist, deren Granulometrie unter 100 Mikrometern liegt.
  3. Geschoss nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt (3) aus einem oder mehreren Pulverprodukten mit einer Granulometrie im Mikrometerbereich gebildet und in die Hülle (1) gepresst ist, deren Dicke unter 0,5 Millimetern liegt.
  4. Geschoss nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt (3) aus Kugeln gebildet ist, die hohl sind oder nicht, aus Produkten mit geringem Oberflächenreibungskoeffizienten, wie Kugeln aus Glas, Teflon oder PVC, mit einem Durchmesser unter 100 Mikrometern, die in die Hülle (1) gepresst sind, deren Dicke unter 0,5 Millimetern liegt.
  5. Geschoss nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Produkt (4) aus einem homogenen, in hohem Maß verformbaren, elastischen und zu erheblichen Dehnungen fähigem Material im Inneren der Hülle (1, 2) in Form einer Scheibe oder eines Kreissektors angeordnet ist, welche sich beim Schuss vorn im Geschoss befindet.
  6. Geschoss nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Widerstand und der Durchmesser der Hülle (1, 2) zur Masse des Produkts (3) proportional sind.
  7. Geschoss nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass seine Energie im Augenblick des Aufpralls bei einer Geschwindigkeit unter 60 Metern/Sekunde unter 90 Joules liegt.
  8. Geschoss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die eine oder mehreren Hülle(n) (1, 2) bei einem Aufprall von mehr als 150 m/s platzen oder zerreißen.
  9. Geschoss nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein kampfunfähig machendes chemisches Produkt in Pulverform enthält.
  10. Geschoss nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens einen Farbstoff und/oder mindestens einen Geruchsstoff enthält.
EP98943964A 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Geschoss mit kontrollierter verformung Expired - Lifetime EP0946853B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9711361A FR2768504B3 (fr) 1997-09-12 1997-09-12 Projectile a deformation controlee
FR9711361 1997-09-12
PCT/FR1998/001945 WO1999014551A1 (fr) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Projectile a deformation controlee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0946853A1 EP0946853A1 (de) 1999-10-06
EP0946853B1 true EP0946853B1 (de) 2003-04-02

Family

ID=9511016

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98943964A Expired - Lifetime EP0946853B1 (de) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Geschoss mit kontrollierter verformung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6302028B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0946853B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69812883T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2768504B3 (de)
WO (1) WO1999014551A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6393992B1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2002-05-28 Jaycor Tactical Systems, Inc. Non-lethal projectile for delivering an inhibiting substance to a living target
US20050188886A1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2005-09-01 Pepperball Technologies, Inc. Non-lethal projectile systems
US6543365B1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2003-04-08 Jaycor Tactical Systems, Inc. Non-lethal projectile systems
US20030047105A1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2003-03-13 Jaycor Tactical Systems, Inc. Non-lethal projectile systems
US7194960B2 (en) 1996-11-18 2007-03-27 Pepperball Technologies, Inc. Non-lethal projectiles for delivering an inhibiting substance to a living target
GB2343240A (en) * 1998-10-26 2000-05-03 Michael Ernest Saxby Projectiles
US6820560B1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2004-11-23 Juha Romppanen Non-killing cartridge
US6202562B1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2001-03-20 Michael Brunn Method of preparing a low lethality projectile for flight
US6374742B1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2002-04-23 Michael Brunn Method of preparing a low lethality projectile for flight in 37mm and 40mm weapon shells
US7526998B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2009-05-05 Pepperball Technologies, Inc. Stabilized non-lethal projectile systems
US7063021B2 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-06-20 Neil Keegstra Expanded volume less lethal ball type projectile
US7278358B2 (en) * 2004-01-22 2007-10-09 Pdt Tech, Llc. Non-lethal marking bullet for related training cartridges
US7225741B2 (en) * 2004-01-22 2007-06-05 Pdt Tech, Llc Reduced energy training cartridge for self-loading firearms
US20090223405A1 (en) * 2004-11-01 2009-09-10 Kee Action Sports I Llc Paintball grenade
US7444938B2 (en) * 2004-11-01 2008-11-04 Kee Action Sports I Llc Paintball grenade
IL172356A0 (en) * 2005-12-05 2007-07-04 Yehuda Meller Non-lethal projectile
US7743709B2 (en) 2006-10-28 2010-06-29 Integrity Ballistics, Llc Sabot for elastomeric projectile
US20080178728A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2008-07-31 Kapeles John A Frangible non-lethal projectile
US7930977B2 (en) * 2007-02-26 2011-04-26 Klein John M Non-lethal projectile ammunition
US8020492B1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2011-09-20 Safariland, Llc Low lethality impact payload delivery sub-munitions and methods of manufacture
EP2232191A4 (de) 2007-09-18 2013-03-27 Pepperball Technologies Inc Systeme, verfahren und vorrichtungen zur verwendung bei der verteilung von reizpulver
US20090217837A1 (en) * 2008-02-28 2009-09-03 In Cheol Hwang Shot ball for pneumatic gun
WO2009141521A1 (fr) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-26 Cyrille Raquin Projectile ou munition cinetique a effets controles ou non letale
DE102008038258B8 (de) * 2008-08-11 2010-06-10 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Projektil
FR2936044A1 (fr) * 2008-09-15 2010-03-19 Samir Bakhta Mecanisme pneumatique pour arme-jouet, lancant des billes de peinture ou de plastique de faible poids, actionne par une munition pyrotechnique specifique
GB0817855D0 (en) * 2008-10-01 2008-11-05 Rolls Royce Plc Artificial bird projectiles for simulating bird strike events
US20110048268A1 (en) * 2009-09-02 2011-03-03 Crisis Management Institute Practice munitions
US8701325B1 (en) 2012-10-22 2014-04-22 William V. S. Rayner Duplex weapon system
EP3177575A4 (de) 2014-08-05 2018-07-25 Genics Inc. Auflösbare objekte
LU92734B1 (fr) 2015-06-05 2016-12-06 Securinov Sa Projectile cinétique à haute déformation élastique
RU2586997C1 (ru) * 2015-06-11 2016-06-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Фортуна" Травматический патрон
CA2957585C (en) * 2016-02-10 2024-02-06 Genics Inc. Dissolvable projectiles
CN106323581A (zh) * 2016-10-24 2017-01-11 南京航空航天大学 一种骨架增强保型明胶鸟弹及其制备方法
US11287230B1 (en) 2021-08-04 2022-03-29 Rama Technologies, LLC Less-than-lethal kinetic impact round

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4430941A (en) * 1968-05-27 1984-02-14 Fmc Corporation Projectile with supported missiles
US3865038A (en) 1973-07-13 1975-02-11 Irwin R Barr Deterrent ammunition projectile
US3952662A (en) * 1974-05-29 1976-04-27 Greenlees William D Non-lethal projectile for riot control
US4686905A (en) * 1985-07-26 1987-08-18 Attila Szabo Cartridge for frangible projectile
US4656092A (en) * 1985-10-15 1987-04-07 R. P. Scherer Corporation Target shooting capsules
FR2691244B1 (fr) * 1992-05-15 1994-07-08 Pierre Richert Arme a feu a canon doubles superposes basculants gros calibre avec option 3eme canon raye.
CA2164293C (en) * 1993-06-01 2005-08-23 Steven Craig Buzick Precision shooting aerodynamic non-spherical safety-oriented projectile
GB9313310D0 (en) * 1993-06-28 1993-08-11 Saxby Michael E A baton projectile
US5450795A (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-09-19 Adelman Associates Projectile for small firearms
BE1008136A6 (fr) * 1994-03-01 1996-01-30 Edb Sa Projectile non polluant pour arme a feu.
FR2718229B1 (fr) * 1994-03-31 1996-06-21 Ruggieri Projectile, notamment balle non létale .

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999014551A1 (fr) 1999-03-25
EP0946853A1 (de) 1999-10-06
FR2768504B3 (fr) 1999-11-26
US6302028B1 (en) 2001-10-16
FR2768504A1 (fr) 1999-03-19
DE69812883D1 (de) 2003-05-08
DE69812883T2 (de) 2004-03-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0946853B1 (de) Geschoss mit kontrollierter verformung
EP0675336A1 (de) Geschoss, insbesondere nicht tötende Patrone
EP3303983B1 (de) Kinetisches und/oder kampfunfähig machendes geschoss mit hoher energieabsorption
EP2279389A1 (de) Kinetische munition bzw. geschoss mit kontrollierter oder nicht tödlicher wirkung
EP2115383B1 (de) Nicht tödliches ballistisches geschoss mit leuchtmarkierung des aufschlagbereichs
EP0583176B1 (de) Infrarotscheinziel mit Leitwerkstabilisierung und Eigenantrieb
EP2923171B1 (de) Rotationsstabilisiertes geschoss mit ausstoss einer nutzlast
FR2599828A1 (fr) Munition de petit ou moyen calibre a efficacite amelioree et portee limitee, en particulier pour la chasse
EP2297545A1 (de) Nicht tödliche munition
FR2714165A1 (fr) Système de contre-masse dispersable pour arme sans recul.
FR2726357A1 (fr) Balle de chasse a fleche telescopee, comportant un sous-projectile associe a un lanceur
WO1997047191A1 (fr) Artifice de lutte contre le peril aviaire
FR2789484A1 (fr) Dispositif de defense a letalite reduite
EP0774642B1 (de) Dispersions- oder Auftragungsverfahren eines aktiven Materials, Zusammensetzung und Gemäss diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Geschoss
FR2930985A1 (fr) "munition ou projectile a effet cinetique controle"
FR2762385A1 (fr) Munition a projectile de faible energie a l'impact pour des operations de dissuasion ou de marquage
FR3090084A1 (fr) Projectile pour armes a feu ou air comprime pour emport liquide ou pulverulent
FR2937123A1 (fr) Munition de controle des foules a effet non letal
FR3071702A1 (fr) Procede de destruction d'une population de frelons asiatiques dans leur nid
FR2920532A1 (fr) Projectile aerodynamique a amortissement et absorption d'energie adapte aux moyens non letaux
FR2992409A1 (fr) Munition non letale a portee accrue
FR2821419A1 (fr) Dispositif de projection de fluides
FR2741435A1 (fr) Projectile permettant la dispersion d'un produit sur trajectoire
FR2717258A1 (fr) Cartouche à projectile de portée limitée.
EP2192376B1 (de) Antriebsvorrichtung mit regulierter Progressivität

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19990909

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20010717

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SAE ALSETEX

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69812883

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20030508

Kind code of ref document: P

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20040105

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20060927

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20060930

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20061005

Year of fee payment: 9

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20070911

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070911

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070911

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 19

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20170929

Year of fee payment: 20