EP3303983B1 - Kinetisches und/oder kampfunfähig machendes geschoss mit hoher energieabsorption - Google Patents

Kinetisches und/oder kampfunfähig machendes geschoss mit hoher energieabsorption Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3303983B1
EP3303983B1 EP16727427.3A EP16727427A EP3303983B1 EP 3303983 B1 EP3303983 B1 EP 3303983B1 EP 16727427 A EP16727427 A EP 16727427A EP 3303983 B1 EP3303983 B1 EP 3303983B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
impact
less
sheet
elastic
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EP16727427.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3303983A1 (de
Inventor
Cyrille Raquin
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Securinov SA
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Securinov SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles

Definitions

  • a kinetic projectile or incapacitant for small and medium calibres firearm or compressed gas calibrator typically between 9mm and 56 mm, highly deformable by energy absorption, stable on trajectory without obligation of rotation.
  • the present invention falls within the field of kinetic projectiles and possibly incapacitating for firearms or compressed air, non-lethal or reduced lethal, it provides a solution by eliminating the risk of impact of the pellet during impact kinetic ammunition and also allows on the same technical basis the carriage of incapacitating substances, scoring, odorous capable of inducing controlled physiological effects on the persons concerned.
  • the combination of these two types of structures can be realized in the present invention in order to make more progressive and uniform on the impact zone the maximum stress generated by the projectile on the target and seeking to increase with the speed, the spreading the projectile.
  • An industrial way to achieve them is to use an open cell honeycomb structure such as a thin-walled honeycomb or an expanded aluminum structure included in the polymerized foam during manufacture.
  • the JP.Denis patent describes an embodiment of a lethal calibrated munition without path separation, which makes it possible to obtain different behaviors of the ammunition in penetration on different types of biological materials or bodies and also makes it possible to strongly modify the aerodynamic and therefore the trajectory of the projectile as well as its kinematics.
  • the hull used in this type of embodiment is not fragile to impact and may even play a role depending on the type of target encountered.
  • the main aerodynamic defect of all these reduced lethal projectiles or claims of non-lethality is an equilibrium or center of thrust of the aerodynamic forces which is located in front of the center of gravity of the projectile, the difficulty in balancing it forward does not result not a lack of knowledge of the art in aerodynamics, but the lack of a known arrangement that allows industrialization without generating unacceptable disadvantages such as the destruction or deformation of the projectile at launch or its destabilization at the exit of launcher. Without sufficient stabilization by gyroscopic effect, most of the known projectiles have a strong tendency to destabilize on its trajectory, which makes it likely that the portion of hard plastic material normally constituting the back of said projectile can have a direct impact on the target with lethal effects or serious physiological damage.
  • This defect is corrected according to the invention by the use of a soft but impact resistant rear part, and therefore resilient and which can be typically made of low density polyethylene, preferably pure, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane can also be used containing plasticizer or polyimide having a sufficient proportion of plasticizer to lower their glass transition point below the temperatures specified for use of the device according to the invention.
  • the main advantage according to the invention for the projectiles intended for the rifled barrels is also to have a projectile of which more than 60% of the mass has a capacity of damping whereas in the current projectiles between 60 and 90% of the mass are concentrated in a dangerous plastic part, see deadly during impact for a recipient unprotected by a helmet and body protection.
  • the operating principle of the impact projectile according to the invention is to ensure a strong deformation the envelope which must be very soft and elastic, so provided with a coefficient of adhesion which is typically close to 80; the contact of such an envelope with the soul of the barrel is therefore likely to brake asymmetrically the projectile in the barrel.
  • the present embodiment makes it possible to obtain a projectile of diameter very close to the caliber of the weapon and whose surface in contact with the launcher tube has low coefficients of friction and adhesion and which may especially be below 0.1 and this while allowing that the impact behavior is not affected substantially by this outer layer because of its low dynamic behavior.
  • the present invention provides an answer since the sheet 3 ensures the symmetrical sliding of the ogive in the launch tube and preserves its integrity of form until the impact while it is much more deformable and soft than the usual projectiles.
  • One of the answers already given to the limitation of the lethality is to allow a strong expansion either by appealing to elastic envelopes and contents in the form of particles, notably like the BeanBag and the Bliniz described in the patent US6302028 in the patent FR0900303 supra.
  • the answer provided by the present invention makes it possible not only to avoid deformation of the projectile during the launching phase, but also to use simultaneously in the same projectile such microstructures or divided states of the material and a structure which will make it possible to ensure the aerodynamic behavior and the limitation of the maximum force applied to the target by a better distribution of the stresses: by nature the particles divided in an elastic content cause to the impact a more important increase of the constraint in the center of the impact and it is the radial components of the transmission of the reaction forces of this central impact to each of the grains that causes the spreading.
  • Energy absorption in the present description is the use of energy for a non-reversible destruction or deformation, that is to say that when the applied force disappears, said deformation remains without any effect of restitution of energy. mechanical.
  • the application of a force or the supply of mechanical energy during an impact on an elastomeric foam or elastic rubber leads to a high compression which leads in case of cessation of the effort to a mechanical restitution in form for example rebound, which is detrimental to the desired goal of delivering the energy of the projectile to the target.
  • projectiles adapted to smooth-bore weapons that can be divided into two groups: the first group is that of projectiles stabilized by empennage or body lying on their rear part. These elements are usually made of hard material and not very deformable, therefore, even if they are lighter and thinner than the scratch pad or projectile stripe of striped weapons, they do not participate in the absorption effect. or spreading shock at impact; the second group is that of short-range projectiles which claim a large impact area, they are generally characterized by a bad aerodynamic form factor. This category includes all deformable projectiles with solid content or little deformable like "bean bags" or "bliniz” for example and the projectiles working in crash like that of the "flash ball" of the company "Verney Carron".
  • the deformable projectiles used have adhesion coefficients which are generally mediocre because greater than 0.5 and would slow down the start if they came into contact with the barrel, in particular with a rubber envelope whose coefficient of friction on the steel is 0.3 to 0.5 in static, and the coefficient of adhesion which accounts for its displacement is rather established around 0.8.
  • a sabot is used to protect said projectile from the blow of flame, to collect the acceleration and to facilitate its sliding as is the case for the projectile of the "flash ball" which uses an enveloping shoe and other deformable kinetic projectiles of 38 or 40 mm which preferentially use a fire-resistant shoe equipped with a stripe-catching belt for the striped weapons.
  • the solution is to first use a rigid and resistant to static compression core which serves as a load-bearing structure used as a force limiter by producing a suitable deceleration, secondly an elastic envelope which itself has a deformation capacity.
  • the third element which freezes its external shape and lower its coefficient of adhesion is a thermoformable sheet producing a constrains previous elements while having a fragile behavior during the impact so as not to prevent the spreading thereof, the latter component making it possible to solve the global problem by using certain characteristics of the various components only at the moment when they are necessary .
  • the kinetic or incapacitating projectile unveiled by the inventor is intended for all defensive launchers, whether their method of propulsion is pyrotechnic or by means of a compressed gas.
  • the projectile can be composed of a multiplicity of parts essentially allowing to absorb the shock and which allows it to maintain good aerodynamic characteristics and stability on trajectory due to the invention.
  • the projectile is capable of transferring a large part of the energy of the impact towards the target through said part or directly and to the final destination of said part by destruction, irreversible deformation, avoiding a penetration of the biological target.
  • a projectile according to the invention retains good aerodynamic characteristics during launch and flight, which allow it to ensure satisfactory operational accuracy at distances similar to those obtained by kinetic projectiles propelled by rifled weapons.
  • a projectile according to the invention allows the use of a very soft head, up to hardnesses of the elastic envelope less than 80 Shore00 and this despite the high coefficient of friction of the material used for the impact head, typically values of at least 0.35 for a friction on steel and which reaches a value of 0.7 or more in coefficient of adhesion on the steel, a characteristic necessary for the projectile to deform without ricocheting on the target and this at high incidences, that is to say impact paths, collinear with the axis of the projectile and having an incidence greater than 45 ° with the normal to the surface of said target.
  • the outer ply is conventionally obtained from a single tube, preferably by necking thermoforming, made of a material such that this ply is fragile and / or brittle at the expected impact speed, which can remove the PTFE as a choice. possible if the spreading requirements are high.
  • the cylindrical body is composed of several parts, these may have modes of absorption or surface spread of the target-projectile contact surface or the energy or reaction to a force applied to them which is different according to each part and in particular during an impact, in particular these parts can be either stacked longitudinally, or concentric or even made in inclusion or mixing during the manufacture of the foam before polymerization, the main thing being to preserve a symmetry of revolution in order to obtain a balance of the moment of inertia of the projectile around the axis A.
  • the central part or body may consist of a combination of sub-assemblies formed of microstructures or cellular materials of different densities, which makes it possible to select for the front part those which have either the best characteristics for the high speeds, for a particular progressive loading or having the highest densities to maintain a center of gravity forward of said projectile. It can be produced in particular by concentric layers of the same nature or by stacking blocks in the longitudinal direction, or by a combination of these two arrangements.
  • foam having a shear failure mode As a foam made of polymeric resin such as polycarbonate, polyphenols or polymethacrylimides or biodegradable material such as meringue, the local stress level, or by averaging it on a rigid surface the level of force applied to the target varies almost linearly depending on the density of the foam. The use of a higher density foam therefore leads to higher levels of braking and energy absorption but with a higher level of force. It is therefore advisable to combine different densities of foam with different characteristics in order to obtain a maximum force level applied to the target during the reduced impact and also a level of local stress on the weak target which implies a spreading as much as possible, ie the greatest possible expansion of the impact zone of the projectile. To obtain such a result including a more gradual increase in strength, it will be possible to use the usual foams such as low-hardness polyurethane or other foam usually used in the projectiles described in the state of the art.
  • said outer ply is obtained from a single tube implemented by thermoforming in order to obtain a necking of uniform revolution of the elements situated inside, it can be acting on the cylindrical body, but also other elements such as the head and the damping washer located at the rear or any other part that should be placed inside, for example to smooth irregularities or create radial elasticity to ensure better guidance.
  • said outer ply is made fragile and / or brittle for the expected impact speed, which ensures that this part will not come to limit the expansion of said projectile, on the other hand if thickness, by example less than 0.5 millimeter and its weight are limited, splinters will not be hurtful during the impact.
  • the cylindrical body is inserted in a casing made of elastic material with a high elongation at break of more than 100% or more preferably of more than 400% forming a cavity and having a thin sidewall thickness relative to to its diameter.
  • the thickness of the side wall of the cavity thickness is less than 10%, preferably less than 5% of its total diameter. Said elastic envelope itself remaining enveloped by the outer ply 3.
  • Said elastic material is preferably a shock or vibration energy absorber, in particular thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane and polyether copolymers, polystyrene block or such as those marketed under the "Sorbothane” brand, the molecular bonds of which are modified by the energy of impact and which for some of them partially restore this energy in the form of heat. It may also be a layer of thin thickness similar to that of a balloon, for example latex or rubber with high elongation at break. This result can in particular be obtained by dipping in a polymer resin with a high proportion of plasticizer before crosslinking or in a bath of natural or synthetic rubber before vulcanization. Very soft and elastic compounds can also obtained by diluting thermoplastic in at least one plasticizer.
  • thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane and polyether copolymers, polystyrene block or such as those marketed under the "Sorbothane” brand, the molecular bonds of which are modified by the energy of impact and which
  • Said elastic material is preferably very elastic and a shock or vibration energy absorber, said envelope not having the purpose of obtaining a rebound or spring effect by buckling of said envelope at the moment of impact, but on the contrary a maximum spread of the impact while preserving the overall externality of the projectile as a whole.
  • This envelope is not necessarily waterproof, but a sealed embodiment has the advantage of confining the destruction residues of the constituent material of the cylindrical body during impact.
  • This improvement of the present invention may also be considered an improvement of the same author's invention as published by the USPTO under the patent number.
  • the body comprises at least one part made of a cellular material or resilient microstructure with a density of less than 300 Kg per cubic meter and whose energy absorption in dynamic compression is effected by continuous deformation or buckling of the cell walls or constituent elements of said structure.
  • a cellular material or resilient microstructure with a density of less than 300 Kg per cubic meter and whose energy absorption in dynamic compression is effected by continuous deformation or buckling of the cell walls or constituent elements of said structure.
  • These include aluminum foam, magnesium or one of their alloys.
  • the energy absorption is different and also has characteristics that are different depending on the impact speed of this part. Depending on the usual speed during the impact and the deceleration produced by the front part that precedes this part, the length of the front part will be calculated so that the effective deformation speed of this part more resilient is characterized its threshold of deformation.
  • the compressive strength characteristic decreases with the speed at the moment of contact.
  • the body may be made from biodegradable organic materials such as albumin, sugars or starch used to form after manufacture a hard foam of density adapted to the density and performance obtained in axial compression.
  • biodegradable organic materials such as albumin, sugars or starch used to form after manufacture a hard foam of density adapted to the density and performance obtained in axial compression.
  • the body of the projectile comprises at least one container filled with a finely divided solid: that is to say particles of larger outer dimension less than 0.3 mm.
  • a finely divided solid that is to say particles of larger outer dimension less than 0.3 mm.
  • this envelope will rupture by brittle fracture and the transfer of energy in radial velocity of said particles will produce a significant spread.
  • a part acting by braking or energy absorption by rupture or deformation one thus obtains a projectile which at the same time limits the force applied and particularly limits the stress in the central part, which is the problem existing in projectiles like BEANBAG or BLINIZ; while maintaining a spreading power equivalent to these same projectiles.
  • the embodiment according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a projectile that retains its integrity and its initial shape until the impact and therefore allows a much better accuracy and a greater range than the commercial projectiles mentioned above.
  • This improvement can be considered as an improvement of the patent US6302028B1 by Richard Guillot inventor of "Bliniz”.
  • the projectile also has a ring or torus, possibly put in place by constriction due to thermoforming to ensure the sliding and centering of the front of the projectile by friction on the soul of the launch tube; and also in the tubes with scratches to ensure the rotation of the projectile.
  • This torus may be made of a thermo-formable material with a low coefficient of friction, such as for example a polytetrafluoroethylene ring, which ring may also grip a thinner sheet which covers the rear part.
  • Another embodiment would be to resort to a multiplicity of rings that enclose the projectile so that when leaving the blow the adherent walls of the head or the envelope do not come into contact with the launch tube.
  • These rings are intended to ensure only a slip at launch but must remain low mass (typically less than one gram) so that their effect is negligible at the time of impact.
  • This type of ring can also perform other functions including, in particular, the attachment of a sheet on the body, or an envelope on the body or the scratch grip for the rotational training of the projectile.
  • the foam is represented by an assembly containing cells symbolized by circles (hard polymer foam), or triangles for aluminum microstructures or absorbing the compression energy. by irreversible deformation of the walls or wires that constitute it.
  • the density is symbolized by the number of cells per unit area; the cells represented symbolizing trapped air, the higher the number of symbols per unit area, the lower the density.
  • FIG. -1 shows a sectional view of the ammunition made using a projectile according to the invention
  • the body of revolution 1 is here made of hard polymer foam, for example polyphenol with a density of 130 Kg / m 3; on the front part is embedded a semi-ellipsoid or hemispherical shaped head which is connected to the body 1 by a groove 14 which corresponds to a lip of the head 2, the elasticity of the material of the head and the tight ribs allow a good connection reinforced by the necking of the ply 3 and which can be reinforced if necessary by a bonding between the head 2 and the body 1, nevertheless the gluing is industrially difficult to implement given the materials difficult to compatible for a single-component gluing.
  • the launching axis A projectile is confused for the outer layer 3, the head 2 and the body 1 of the projectile when it is assembled and ready for launch.
  • the sheet of heat-shrinkable polymer 3 covers and binds to the body 1 by necking after thermoforming, a damping disc 4 formed in this example of polyphenol foam density 70Kg / m3; it will of course be necessary to adjust the respective densities of the body 1 and the disc 4 in particular as a function of the desired speed, the propulsive charge used, the mass of the head 2 and the length of the launching gun, all these parameters being of course dependent on laws and know-how known in the state of the art.
  • a measurement of the acceleration in the tube can make it possible to refine the dimensioning of these respective densities.
  • a munition using a socket 5 which may be of metal and / or polymer which is equipped with high 8 and low pressure chambers 10 provided with regulating vents 7 between these chambers; they are here shown side because the use of one or more vents parallel to the axis A would produce too violent accelerations and likely to cause damage to the projectile during its launch phase.
  • the propellant powder 11 generates a rise in pressure in the high pressure chamber 8, the vents then regulate the pressure and the expansion of the hot gases in the low pressure chamber 10, the skirt 6 is then subjected to an increasing force that is transmitted to the projectile.
  • a projectile for a compressed air launcher may be identical to this embodiment by replacing the damping disc 4 with a thin chip to prevent damage to the foam of the body during handling, especially at the time of loading.
  • the figure 2 represents an embodiment according to the invention which can be adapted to a rifled barrel weapon because of the presence of a pusher or base 6b capable of driving the projectile in rotation when making scratches, even if the operational gain of the The use of such weapons is not significant by respecting an embodiment according to the invention, there is a commercial interest in making such projectiles compatible with such launchers and their ammunition.
  • the cylindrical portion here consists of two parts, the first foam placed at the front is formed of aluminum foam 13, whose braking characteristics and particularly the reaction force applied to the target by the projectile during the impact varies to the inverse of the impact speed for high impact speeds and in particular greater than 50 m / s; it is placed behind a honeycomb structure 15 based on thermosetting polymer of low elongation at break, typically less than 5% and capable of withstanding the acceleration of the shot without being significantly destroyed in its length.
  • a foam will be chosen between polycarbonate, polyphenols or polymetracylimides for densities generally below 150 Kg / m3.
  • the characteristic of this structure is chosen for stress destruction characteristics with an almost constant reaction force and independent of the speed.
  • the projectile is then balanced forward and can then be used indifferently in launcher rifled or not.
  • the projectile is then balanced forward and can then be used indifferently in launcher rifled or not.
  • This layer is preferably elastic like silicone or rubber of low hardness.
  • cap 16 that will take the least thickness possible to ensure a good distribution of pressure on the part 15 or body 1 and a good bonding or a good bond with the layer or elastic envelope 12 and come and seal the projectile.
  • An outer layer encloses all the subsets by a thermoforming operation and ensure the guidance of the projectile and its sliding without participating in its rotation in the context of its use with a launcher rifled barrel.
  • the figure 3 is a shot for a smooth launch tube, whether compressed air or a firearm.
  • the front part or head 2 here covers the body 1 which accommodates a hard and fragile container 18 and its content 17 consisting of finely divided particles.
  • Said content 17 may have a spreading action of the projectile only inertial impact since under the effect of the impact the particles convert to a large extent their axial momentum in radial momentum, but can also produce an action incapacitante if the constituent particles have at least on the surface of active chemical compounds such as tear gas and that are provided lateral openings 19 through the sheet 3, being noted in the previous description, firstly that the sheet 3 is destroyed at the beginning of the impact, and secondly it should be noted that the body 1 provides before the impact the protection of the container 18 and the content 17.
  • the head 2 here comes to exert a cohesive force by simultaneous annular clamping of the body 1 and the rear part 6b mainly used during manufacture, this cohesion is then reinforced by the tightening provided by the sheet 3 which comes to plaster and compress the material of the head 2 against the body 1.
  • a very soft and elastic material used to manufacture the head 2 such as for example a thermoplastic elastomer or silicone less than 80 shore00, a hard projectile touchdown and non-deformable before firing and able to withstand without dimensional change the ballistic phases of the projectile until the impact as it deconstructs and becomes soft during the impact by consuming the kinetic energy of the projectile and while limiting the damage to the target, which becomes hard at these speeds.
  • the eye is capable of frontal shocks such as violent falls on the ground or an automobile accident without airbag, to break or even perforate the suborbital bone floor, thus enabling because of its hardening for sufficient stress rates to maintain its integrity after the shock without any sequelae for the eye.
  • the orbital bone floor that structurally structures the skull and its resistance to manipulation thus becomes a factor of protection of the eye since it is more fragile in dynamics and consumes in fragile breaking the incident energy. It is thus possible on the basis of the present invention to make a projectile more fragile than the eye and thus significantly reduce the cases and especially the seriousness of the lesions observed each year with the use of non-lethal projectiles.
  • the aerodynamic external shape can be modulated according to the performance constraints imposed either by the mass of the percussive part before or by the range or precision required at a certain distance. It will then be important to determine by calculation and aerodynamic simulation according to the state of the art the outer shape of the rear portion 6b and the length of the front portion.
  • the volume of the body 1 and its density are determinants of the energy that can be absorbed on impact, in particular that which drives the rear part 6 and whose priority is to avoid that it exceeds a force threshold applied to the target which would lead to irreversible or fatal injuries.
  • the contents 17 may in particular be a liquid, a gel, a powder or a finely divided solid, taken separately or in combination. This content is chosen for its ability to disperse after the impact and light enough to remain suspended in the air because of the turbulence induced by this dispersion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Wuchtgeschoss und/oder kampunfähig machendes Geschoß mit hoher Energieaufnahme beim Aufprall, das folgendes umfasst:
    - einen zylindrischen Innenkörper (1) oder Rotationskörper um eine Abschussachse (A), wobei besagter zylindrischer Körper (1) gebildet wird aus zumindest einen fast homogenen Teil mit einer Dichte kleiner 250 kg/m3, bestehend aus Zellenmaterial, Schaumstoff oder offenen oder geschlossenen Mikrostrukturen, die die Fähigkeit haben, die Energie beim Aufprall durch einen Sprödbruch durch Abtrennen oder irreversible duktile Verformung aufzunehmen;
    - einen Kopf (2), auch genannt vorderer Teil, mit einer scheinbaren Dichte größer 500 kg/m3, aus elastischem Polymermaterial mit einer Streckgrenze größer 100%, vorzugsweise größer 400%, mit einer Härte kleiner 40 Shore A, vorzugsweise kleiner 70 Shore bei Skala 00, und welcher Reibungs- und Haftungskoeffizienten auf Stahl und Aluminium von zumindest 0,35 und vorzugsweise einen Haftungskoeffizienten auf Stahl von zumindest 0,7 aufweist;
    - zumindest eine äußere Baugruppe (3) oder Lage (3), die das Verbinden der Baugruppe bestehend aus besagtem Innenkörper (1), dem Kopf (2) und eventuell einem ausgebildeten hinteren Teil (6b) ermöglicht, um eine aerodynamische Stabilisierung zu erzielen und den Schub der Gase aufzufangen; diese Verbindung erfolgt durch Aufspannen durch ringförmige Verengung, die durch ein Verfahren der Thermoformung eines wärmeschrumpfbaren Polymer- oder Elastomerrohrs um den Körper (1) und den Kopf (2) erzielt wird, wodurch eine Rotationslage oder -schale um die Achse (A) gebildet wird, wobei besagte Lage(n) bestehend aus Material geringer Dicke, das heißt, einer Dicke, die fünf Zentimeter kleiner als der Durchmesser des Geschosses ist, einen geringen Haftungskoeffizienten gegenüber Stahl oder Aluminium hat, der unter 0,3 oder besser unter 0,15 liegt.
  2. Wuchtgeschoss oder kampfunfähig machendes Geschoß mit hoher Energieaufnahme beim Aufprall nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede äußere Lage (3) jeweils mithilfe eines einzelnen Rohrs nach der verengenden Thermoformung erzielt wird.
  3. Wuchtgeschoss oder kampfunfähig machendes Geschoß mit hoher Energieaufnahme beim Aufprall nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine der besagten äußeren Lagen (3) hergestellt wird aus einem Material, das dergestalt ist, dass die Lage bei der geplanten Aufprallgeschwindigkeit spröde und/oder brüchig ist, insbesondere bei einer länglichen mechanischen Beanspruchung in der Aufprallachse (A).
  4. Geschoß nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper (1) eingesetzt wird in eine Hülle (12) aus elastischem Material mit einer Bruchdehnung von über 100%, vorzugsweise über 400%, die einen Hohlraum mit einer Seitenwanddicke kleiner 10% bildet, vorzugsweise unter 5 % des Gesamtdurchmessers, wobei besagte elastische Hülle selbst von der äußeren Lage (3) umhüllt bleibt, wobei besagtes elastisches Material vorzugsweise einen Stoßenergiedämpfer und/oder einen Schwingungsenergiedämpfer bildet.
  5. Geschoß nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagter Teil, der aus einem Zellenmaterial oder einer Mikrostruktur besteht:
    (i) eine Dichte von unter 120 kg pro Kubikmeter aufweist,
    (ii) die Energieaufnahme der dynamischen Kompression oder des Stoßes praktisch vollständig durch Abtrennen der Wände der Zellen oder Elemente, welche besagte Struktur bilden, wie zum Beispiel insbesondere wenig elastische und wenig widerstandsfähige Hartschaumstoffe aus wärmehärtbaren Polymermaterialien, die zu einer elastischen Verformung von über einigen Prozent nicht fähig sind, ohne dass die sie bildenden Wände, insbesondere aus Polycarbonat, Polyphenol oder Polymethacrylimid, brechen, erfolgt.
  6. Geschoß nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper (1) aus biologisch abbaubarem organischen Material, wie zum Beispiel Albumin, Zucker oder Stärke, die nach der Herstellung durch Erhitzen zur Bildung eines Hartschaums benutzt werden, hergestellt ist.
  7. Geschoß nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper (1) in der Mitte systematisch um die Achse A ausgehöhlt wird und dass der so gebildete Hohlraum gefüllt wird mit einem Inhalt (17) bestehend aus einem pulverförmigen Material oder feinteiligen Feststoffen, die enthalten sind in zumindest einer Umschließung (18), die so konzipiert ist, dass sie bei einem Aufprall mit erhöhter Geschwindigkeit in der Flugbahn, jedoch nicht bei versehentlichem Herunterfallen, durch Sprödbruch bricht.
  8. Geschoß nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es über einen hinteren Teil oder einen Boden (6b) verfügt, der zum einen die Führung und die Dichtheit in der Abschussphase gewährleistet und zum andern eine aerodynamische Stabilisierung, insbesondere durch eine geeignete Form, wobei besagter hinterer Teil (6b) durch Verengung der Lage (3) am Körper (1) und am Kopf (2) des Geschosses verbunden ist.
  9. Geschoß nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darüber hinaus über einen Ring oder Torus (20) verfügt, der vorzugswiese durch eine mit Thermoformung erzielte Verengung eingesetzt wird, um das Gleiten und Zentrieren des vorderen Teils des Geschosses durch Reiben auf dem Kern des Abschussrohrs zu gewährleisten, wobei die Rohre Riefen aufweisen, und darüber hinaus die Drehung des Geschosses zu gewährleisten.
EP16727427.3A 2015-06-05 2016-05-31 Kinetisches und/oder kampfunfähig machendes geschoss mit hoher energieabsorption Active EP3303983B1 (de)

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LU92734A LU92734B1 (fr) 2015-06-05 2015-06-05 Projectile cinétique à haute déformation élastique
PCT/EP2016/062278 WO2016193264A1 (fr) 2015-06-05 2016-05-31 Projectile cinetique et/ou incapacitant a haute absorption d'energie

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US20180156588A1 (en) * 2016-12-07 2018-06-07 Russell LeBlanc Frangible Projectile and Method of Manufacture
FR3090084B1 (fr) * 2018-12-18 2023-10-13 Securengy Projectile pour armes à feu ou air comprimé pour emport liquide ou pulvérulent.
RU190453U1 (ru) * 2019-01-30 2019-07-01 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулёва" Пуля патрона боевого нарезного стрелкового оружия специального действия
US11333468B2 (en) * 2019-07-16 2022-05-17 Wattre, Inc. Shot shell with projectile
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EP3303983A1 (de) 2018-04-11
US20180156587A1 (en) 2018-06-07
US10527394B2 (en) 2020-01-07
LU92734B1 (fr) 2016-12-06

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