Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/12—Polypropene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
  • C08L23/0869—Acids or derivatives thereof
  • C08L23/0876—Neutralised polymers, i.e. ionomers

Definitions

• This invention relates to thermoplastic polymer compositions which are thermoformable, and to thermoformed articles made from such compositions.
• compositions of the present invention which are halogen-free, are useful for making laminates, sheets and films, and for replacing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins in many of their tradition uses.
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• compositions of the present invention, and thermoformed articles made therefrom are suitable as PVC replacements in the automotive field. They may be used in the fabrication of interior sheathing of automobiles, for example, in the instrument panel skins, door panels, roof liners and seat covers.
• Automotive applications require certain properties in the resins, including good flexibility, low temperature properties, capability of providing a soft surface texture and grain retention: as well as good high temperature properties and low emissions associated with it in view of the extreme temperatures the interior of automobiles can reach on hot. sunny days.
• Non-halo genated thermoplastic compositions having good high temperature properties are known in the art, for example the polyolefin/ionomer blends disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,871,810, or the blends of partially crosslinked ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymers with reaction products of ethylene copolymer ionomers and olefin/epoxy copolymers, disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,968,752. Such compositions, however, are deficient in softness.
• compositions comprising a blend of polypropylene, ethylene copolymer ionomer resin, ethylene/glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymer, and uncrosslinked ethylene propylene rubber as described in U.S. Patent No. 5, 206,294.
• a blend has been proven suitable for most applications and it is characterized by good thermoformability and grain retention. These blends, however, are not calenderable.
• the presence of ionomer resin and ethylene/glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymer leads to excessive sticking of the blend on metal rolls of the processing equipment.
• thermoplastic polymer blends suitable for making thermoformed articles by calendering, which articles demonstrate the requisite flexibility, temperature properties, capability of providing a soft surface texture and grain retention for automotive applications.
• thermoplastic polymer compositions comprising
• compositions exhibit excellent flexibility, temperature properties, capability of providing a soft surface texture and good grain retention.
• the present invention is also directed to thermoformed articles from such compositions, particularly instrument panel skins.
• the polymer blend component (component (a)) of the thermoplastic polymer composition of the present invention is present in amounts of 50-90 wt. %, preferably 55-85 wt. %.
• the polypropylene component of the polymer blend (component (a)(i)) consists of crystalline polypropylene and is intended to include in addition to the homopolymer those polymers that also contain minor amounts, usually not greater than 15 weight percent, of higher or lower ⁇ -olefins, e.g. those containing 3-8 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, butene, octene, etc.
• the polypropylene polymers useful in this invention have melt indices in the range of from about 0.07-30 dg/minute at 230 °C/2.16 g, and are present in the blend in amounts of 10-40 wt. %, preferably 15 to 30 wt. %.
• the uncrosslinked ethylene/propylene copolymer rubber (component (a)(ii) and which serves as the base of component (c)) may be an ethylene/propylene/nonconjugated diene copolymer (EPDM) or an ethylene/propylene copolymer (EPM). EPDMs are preferred as component (a)(iii); EPMs are preferred as the base of component (c).
• the uncrosslinked ethylene/propylene copolymer rubber contains about 60-80 wt. %, usually about 65-75 wt % ethylene.
• the nonconjugated dienes can contain from 6-22 carbon atoms having at least one readily polymerizable double bond.
• the amount of nonconjugated diene is generally from about 1-7 wt. %, usually 2-5 wt. %.
• EPDM copolymers that are especially preferred are ethylene/propylene/1.4-hexadiene. ethylene/propylene/ dicyclopentadiene, ethylene/propylene/norbornene, ethylene/propylene/methylene-2-norbornene and ethylene/propylene/ 1 ,4- hexadiene/norbornadiene. It is preferred that the ethylene/propylene copolymer rubber are non-crosslinked.
• the ethylene/propylene copolymer rubber present as component (a)(ii) in the blend is present in amounts of 15-50 wt. %, preferably 15-40 wt. %.
• the ionic copolymer of ethylene and an , ⁇ -unsaturated C 3 -C 8 carboxylic acid optionally contains at least one softening comonomer that is copolymerizable with ethylene.
• Acrylic and methacrylic acids are preferred acid comonomers.
• the softening comonomer can be an alkyl acrylate selected from the group consisting of n-propyl-, n-butyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl-, and 2-methoxyethyl-acrylates.
• the preferred alkyl acrylates are n-butyl-.
• the softening comonomer can also be an alkyl vinyl ether selected from the group consisting of n-butyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl-, and 2-methoxyethyl-vinyl ether.
• the preferred alkyl vinyl ethers are n-butyl vinyl ether and n-hexyl vinyl ether.
• the coplymer is about 10 to 70% neutralized with metal ions selected from groups la, lb, Ila, Ilia, IVa, VIb, and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements such as sodium, potassium zinc, calcium, magnesium, lithium, aluminum, nickel, and chrominum.
• metal ions selected from groups la, lb, Ila, Ilia, IVa, VIb, and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements such as sodium, potassium zinc, calcium, magnesium, lithium, aluminum, nickel, and chrominum.
• the copolymer has from about 35 to about 70% of the carboxylic acid groups ionized by neutralization with metal ions selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, zinc, calcium, and magnesium.
• the ionomeric copolymer is present in the blend in amounts of 20-60 wt. %, preferably 30-50 wt. %.
• the copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl acrylate or ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate preferably contains copolymerized units of an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate having 1-6 carbon atoms.
• the ethylene/glycidyl acrylate or ethylene/-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer contains 60-88 weight percent ethylene and 1-12 weight percent glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate.
• Representative alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates that are used in the copolymer include methyl acrylate.
• the ethylene/glycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymer can be prepared by direct polymerization, for example, copolymerizing ethylene, an alkyl acrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate or glycidyl acrylate in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator at elevated temperatures, generally 100°-230° C, and at elevated pressures, i.e. 140-350 MPa.
• the most preferred ethylene/glycidyl(methacrylate copolymers that are used in this invention are copolymers of ethylene, ethyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate. and, especially, ethylene.
• the copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl acrylate or ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate is present in the blend in amounts of 0.1 -5 weight %, preferably 2-5 weight %.
• particulate inorganic fillers may be used depending on the intended use of the composition and, if desired, a mixture of particulate inorganic fillers may be used.
• the particulate inorganic fillers is suitably a basic filler for example an oxide, a hydrated oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate or a mixture thereof, and especially is predominantly an oxide, a hydrated oxide, a hydroxide or carbonate of a metal of group II or III, such as magnesium, calcium or aluminium or a mixture thereof.
• the particulate inorganic filler is typically a material of the type which is used as an intumescent filler for a plastic material.
• the inorganic filler may a hydroxycarbonate such as hydrated magnesium hydroxy caronate which occurs naturally as hydromagnesite, a mixed carbonate such as magnesium-calcium carbonate or may be a mixture of two or more such materials.
• Preferred inorganic fillers are calcium carbonate, talc, mica and gypsum, more preferably calcium carbonate or talc.
• the inorganic filler will be present in the polymer blend in an amount of 10-40 wt. %. In cases where there is no component (c) present, there is preferably 20-40 wt. % inorganic filler present. In cases where component (c) is present, there is preferably 10-30% inorganic filler present.
• the grafting monomer suitable for grafting the uncrosslinked ethylene propylene copolymer rubber is at least one of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and anhydrides thereof, including derivatives of such acids and anhydrides, which may be mono-, di- or polycarboxylic acids, are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic anhyddride, maleic anhydride and substituted maleic anhydride e.g. dimethyl maleic anhydride.
• Examples of derivates of the unsaturated acids are salts, amides, imides and esters e.g. mono- and disodium maleate. acrylamide. maleimide and diethyl fumarate. Maleic anhydride is preferred.
• the amount of grafting will be 0.01-5 wt. %, preferably 0.1-3 wt. %, based upon the weight of the uncrosslinked ethylene propylene copolymer rubber in component (c). Grafting processes are known in the art. The melt viscosity of the grafted uncrosslinked ethylene propylene copolymer rubber is not restricted, however, most preferred is found if the meld index, measured at 2.16 kg and 190° is between 50 and 150g/10 min.
• the grafted uncrosslinked ethylene/propylene copolymer rubber will be present in the polymer composition in an amount of 0-15 wt. %, preferably 2 to 10 wt. %.
• thermoplastic polymer compositions of the present invention are generally prepared by melt blending the polymeric components under high shear conditions. for example in an extruder.
• the various ingredients may first be combined with one another e.g., in a pellet blend, or they may be combined with one another via simultaneous or separate metering of the various components. They may also be divided and blended in on or more passes into separate sections of the mixing equipment.
• compositions may be thermoformed into a variety of articles, including sheets, or they may be molded into any desired shape.
• they may be thermoformed at high deep-draw ratios for use as instrument panel skins for automobiles.
• Excellent low temperature flexibility and high temperature resistance enables these compositions to be useful in applications wherein a wide range of temperature and abrasive conditions are encountered.
• these compositions resist sticking to metal at elevated temperatures, e.g. 150- 200 °C, they can be used in processes in which hot polymer comes into pressure contact with hot metal rolls.
• Sheets of thermoplastic polymer compositions are formed by blending a "'salt and pepper" mixture of granules of polymers and fillers on a laboratory two mill for 3 min. at 170-190 °C. The releasability of the sheets from the calender rolls of the mill are judged subjectively:
• Milled sheets removed from the rolls are pressed in a hydraulic press at 220 °C in order to prepare a 12 mm x 12 mm x 2 mm plaque on which tensile strength, elongation, secant modulus and hardness are determined according to DIN 57504
• compositions are compounded in a 25 mm PRISM twin screw extruder. All ingredients are prepared as a "salt and pepper" blend and granulated after exiting the extruder. The granulate so obtained is melted on a two roll mill o and blended at 190 °C to give a feedstock for a lab calender which is run at 180 °C.
• thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) composition (amounts given in wt. %) Polypropylene ' 20
• Comparative Example C4 shows that grafted polypropylene does not lead to any improvement in terms of sticking to metal, and in fact, reverses the positive effect of the filler.

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• 1998
  • 1998-08-19 CA CA002270715A patent/CA2270715A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-08-19 JP JP51684599A patent/JP2001505616A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-08-19 BR BR9806140-2A patent/BR9806140C1/pt unknown
  • 1998-08-19 WO PCT/US1998/017159 patent/WO1999011698A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-08-19 KR KR1019997003889A patent/KR20000068883A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-08-19 AU AU89144/98A patent/AU8914498A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-08-19 EP EP98940989A patent/EP0941279A4/de not_active Withdrawn

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