EP0929749B1 - Ball joint - Google Patents

Ball joint Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0929749B1
EP0929749B1 EP97910257A EP97910257A EP0929749B1 EP 0929749 B1 EP0929749 B1 EP 0929749B1 EP 97910257 A EP97910257 A EP 97910257A EP 97910257 A EP97910257 A EP 97910257A EP 0929749 B1 EP0929749 B1 EP 0929749B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ball joint
ball
cover
housing
joint housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97910257A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0929749A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen RABE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sachsenring Automobiltechnik AG
Original Assignee
Sachsenring Automobiltechnik AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0929749A1 publication Critical patent/EP0929749A1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0666—Sealing means between the socket and the inner member shaft
    • F16C11/0671—Sealing means between the socket and the inner member shaft allowing operative relative movement of joint parts due to flexing of the sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32729—Externally packed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ball joint 2. according to the preamble of claim 1 or 2.
  • this type of seal consists of a sealing bellows elastic material.
  • This sealing bellows is over the pin of the ball joint and pushed into a groove with a bead of the pin inserted and fixed with a clamping ring.
  • the sealing bellows faces one of the balls Bead in a groove-shaped groove of a surrounding the ball Bearing shell snapped into place.
  • the object of the present invention is to be achieved be, the manufacture of ball joints of the beginning to simplify the type mentioned, to shorten the assembly time, as well as manufacturing costs and reject rates reduce. In addition, the lifespan of such ball joints increase.
  • the application of the invention eliminates the separate Manufacture and storage of seals and Clamping rings, because the plastic of the wrapping when Forming extends into the groove of the ball joint housing and form-fittingly connects with the material.
  • the elimination of the tension rings also eliminates the where appropriate committees and Improvements.
  • 1 is a ball joint in FIG designated. It has a ball joint housing 2 with a recess 3 is provided which has an opening 2.1 is accessible. In the recess 3 there is one injected bearing shell 4 made of plastic with little Coefficient of friction. The bearing surface of the bearing shell 4 is used to support a ball 5, the one on the shaft 6 Ball pin 7 is provided. Is on the ball joint housing 2 a fastener in the form of a protruding laterally Flange 8 provided.
  • the ball joint 1 is manufactured in such a way that the Ball pin 7 with its ball 5 in the recess 3 in introduced its intended end position and then the opening 2.1 with a mold stamp, not shown is closed.
  • the closed floor 2.2 of the Ball joint housing 2 provided with a sprue opening 2.3, about the one by a sprue stamp 10 no closer shown injection or injection mold the plastic mass in the remaining cavity between the inner wall 3.1 the recess 3 and the ball 5 is injected.
  • the bearing shell 4 is formed.
  • the inner wall 3.1 roughened, serrated, all around grooved, or otherwise suitable for promoting adhesion educated.
  • the manufacture of the Ball joint housing 2 according to the known metal casting process leave the resulting rough surface unprocessed as it does not have a high accuracy in the Production of the inner wall 3.1 arrives.
  • a metal serves as the material for the ball joint housing 2, preferably steel or cast steel. Also aluminum or plastic can be used.
  • For the bearing shell 4 becomes a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic and then used hardening plastic that has low sliding friction.
  • beneficial Plastics have become polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyoxymethylene, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone or Proven polyamide. However, there are other suitable ones Plastics applicable.
  • the material of the bearing shell 4 can also consist of one foamed plastic exist.
  • This foamed Plastic can for example be made so that the Material used in the injection or injection molding process processed, about up to 20% blowing agent added are. This gives you an open pore or closed-pore plastic foam body that despite the pores are still sufficiently strong and therefore a long service life is guaranteed.
  • This Plastic foam body has open cell Training also property lubricants To be able to record so that a ball joint 1 with Permanent lubrication can be obtained.
  • the a bellows sealed area between the shaft 6 and one in the upper area 2.0 of the ball joint housing 2 provided circumferential groove 2.01 with a molded elastic, filling the entire existing cavity Envelope 21 from a networked and / or uncrosslinked Surround elastomer.
  • the envelope 21 extends at least from middle region 22 of the shaft 6 from into the groove 2.01 or to below the groove 2.01.
  • the plastic in the groove Molded 2.01. serve as material for the casing 21 preferably plastics, such as polyurethane, polyester or Silicone or based on polyurethane, polyester or Silicone. Because the usable plastics on the material of the ball joint housing 2 adhere well, or spiral spring washers are completely eliminated.
  • the casing 21 preferably consists of closed and / or open-cell material, as shown in the right side of Fig. 1 shown partial section is represented by the envelope 21. This will create a cheaper loading of the material at large Angular deflections of the shaft 6 reached and the Life of the sheath 21 extended.
  • the foamed material has open cells trained and has a on its outer surface closed outer skin 23. This requires mechanical Strain a higher strength.
  • the cells as a lubricant reservoir serve.
  • Grease or oil can be used as a lubricant, for example or a mixture of fat and oil can be used.
  • a circumferential groove 2.01 also several groove sections or / and indentations or / and Notches can be provided in which the Can anchor material of the sheath 21 firmly.
  • the invention can also be used in other constructions of Ball joints are applied.
  • no Plastic shell 4 may be present or the ball joint housing 2 can also be in any other way, for example be designed so that its bottom has an opening for Inserting the ball pin having a Pressure plate is closed, which by flanging or Rolling an edge of the ball joint housing 2 attached becomes.
  • It is also for the function of the invention regardless of the material from which the ball joint housing 2 and / or the ball pin 7 is or exist. This Depending on the load or the like, materials can can be freely chosen.
  • the application of the invention is also advantageous for Ball joints 1 of the type shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, where the die for the production of a plastic bearing shell 4 is used in a special way.
  • FIG. 2 is in the bottom 2.2 of the ball joint housing 2 on the Ball stud 7 opposite spherical cap section 5.1 in the manufacture of the bearing shell 4 by a Bore formed opening 2.21 in the runner 10th slidably guided die 10.1 against the ball 5 pressed.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 A particular advantage of using the die 10.1 can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3. With those over there Balls 5 shown is not the spherical cap section 5.1 fully formed as a spherical surface, but forms e.g. a more or less flat or conical inwards, if necessary, graded or dented surface 5.2. This usually occurs in the manufacture of the spherical body 5 then when the ball pin 7 with the ball 5 after the machining removed from the raw material, is tapped in particular by turning. Any here Bearing shell 4 are injected without a punch 10.1, then the ball 5 could no longer or only with great difficulty turn or swivel.
  • the form stamp 10.1 among other things a good fixation of the ball 5 in the mold guaranteed.
  • Fig. 3 can or can use an appropriate molding tool or each a sealing O-ring 11 or 12 made of a rubber or an elastomer used or in particular in the Production of the bearing shell 4 can be molded in. This or these seal the respective end edge 4.2 of the Bearing shell 4 from the outside.
  • the opening 4.1 obtained by the die 10.1 in the Bearing shell 4 can be inserted, pressed or cast seal made from an elastomer or from a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic, also in the form of a closed or open pore foam, closed become.
  • a lubricant for example an oil and / or fat.
  • At least one can also be inserted into opening 2.21 Compression spring 13 made of plastic or in particular of metal, for example in the form of a coil spring or Belleville washer.
  • This can or can by a fixed fixation element 14, for. B. one as Sealing plug, made of plastic or Metal secured and against the spherical cap section 5.1 be biased.
  • the compression spring (s) 13 ensures or ensure freedom of play of the ball 5 and prevents or prevent the creation of rattling noises wear occurred over the life of the bearing.
  • the fixing element 14 can be snapped into the floor 2.2, pressed, welded, glued and / or crimped his. It can also, possibly additionally, have an external thread have and for example according to FIG. 4 as screwable Disk be formed.
  • the opening 2.21 can also be used when using compression springs 13, be filled with oil and / or fat.
  • This can be useful Fixing element 14 made of a screwable, in particular Lubricating nipples 15 exist, as shown with reference to FIG. 5 is.
  • the lubricating nipple 15 and the fixing element can also be used 14 be designed so that the grease nipple 15 in the Fixing element 14 can be screwed.
  • the Enclosure 21 as a two-component design, i.e. out practically inelastic material, such as Polyamide, in the area of the circumferential grooves 2.01, 2.02 or the groove sections and / or the indentations or / and the Notches and from an elastomer in the rest Areas of the envelope 21 is executed.
  • practically inelastic material such as Polyamide
  • circumferential grooves 2.01 and 2.02 versions can also be used with advantage be only one of the two grooves 2.01 or 2.02 or have no groove at all.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Kugelgelenk gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. 2.The present invention relates to a ball joint 2. according to the preamble of claim 1 or 2.

Bei einem aus der DE-C-195 13 714 bekannten Kugelgelenk dieser Art besteht die Abdichtung aus einem Abdichtbalg aus elastischem Material. Dieser Abdichtbalg ist über den Zapfen des Kugelgelenks geschoben und mit einem Wulst in eine Nut des Zapfens eingesetzt und mit einem Spannring fixiert. Außerdem ist der Abdichtbalg mit einem der Kugel zugewandten Wulst in eine nutförmige Kehlung einer die Kugel umgebenden Lagerschale eingeschnappt. Zur Festlegung des Abdichtbalgs auf der Lagerschale wird anstelle eines Spannrings die Lagerschale mit einem Kugelgelenkgehäuse umformt und dabei der in die Kehlung der Lagerschale eingeschnappte Wulst mit eingeformt und dadurch in seiner Lage festgelegt.In a ball joint known from DE-C-195 13 714 this type of seal consists of a sealing bellows elastic material. This sealing bellows is over the pin of the ball joint and pushed into a groove with a bead of the pin inserted and fixed with a clamping ring. In addition, the sealing bellows faces one of the balls Bead in a groove-shaped groove of a surrounding the ball Bearing shell snapped into place. To determine the sealing bellows on the bearing shell instead of a clamping ring Bearing shell formed with a ball joint housing while doing so the bulge snapped into the groove of the bearing shell molded in and thereby fixed in its position.

Aus der GB-A-895068 ist es bekannt, eine Lagerschale aus elastischem Material, z.B. Polyurethan, zweiteilig herzustellen, wobei die Teilung etwa am Kugeläquator erfolgt. An dem dem Kugelzapfen zugewandten Lagerschalenteil ist ein hülsenförmiger ringformig gewellte Fortsatz angeformt, der den Schaft des Kugelzapfens dicht umgibt. Die Abdichtung zum Kugelgelenkgehäuse hin erfolgt durch Andrücken des genannten Lagerschalenteils an einen oberen, nach innen weisenden Gehäuserand des Kugelgelenkgehäuses. Die Einzelteile sind gesondert hergestellt und stehen nicht durch einen Formprozeß miteinander in Verbindung.From GB-A-895068 it is known to make a bearing shell elastic material, e.g. To produce polyurethane, in two parts, the Division takes place approximately at the spherical equator. On the ball stud facing bearing shell part is a sleeve-shaped ring-shaped corrugated extension molded on, which tightly surrounds the shaft of the ball pin. The Sealing to the ball joint housing takes place through Pressing the mentioned bearing shell part against an upper, inside edge of the ball joint housing. The individual parts are manufactured separately and do not stand through a molding process.

Die Konstruktionsweise gemäß der DE-C-19513714 erfordert eine getrennte Herstellung, Lagerhaltung und Montage der Abdichtbälge und Spannringe. Für die Spannringe muß korrosionsbeständiges und damit teures Material verwendet werden. Hinzu kommt, daß beim Aufspannen des Spannrings der Abdichtbalg montagebedingt häufig eingerissen wird, so daß eine hohe Ausschußrate auftreten kann und aufwendige Nachbesserungsarbeiten anfallen können. Wird der Spannring, wie vorgeschlagen, erst nach dem Anformen des Kugelgelenkgehäuses eingesetzt, ist eine Nachbesserung unmöglich und das ganze Kugelgelenk ist dann nicht mehr verwertbarer Ausschuß.The construction method according to DE-C-19513714 requires a separate manufacture, storage and assembly of the Sealing bellows and clamping rings. For the tension rings corrosion-resistant and therefore expensive material used become. In addition, when clamping the clamping ring Sealing bellows is often torn due to assembly, so that a high reject rate can occur and expensive rework may arise. Will the tension ring like Proposed only after the ball joint housing has been molded on used, rectification is impossible and that whole ball joint is then no longer usable committee.

Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung soll die Aufgabe gelöst werden, die Herstellung von Kugelgelenken der eingangs erwähnten Art zu vereinfachen, die Montagezeit zu verkürzen, sowie die Herstellungskosten und die Ausschußraten zu senken. Außerdem soll die Lebensdauer derartiger Kugelgelenke erhöht werden.The object of the present invention is to be achieved be, the manufacture of ball joints of the beginning to simplify the type mentioned, to shorten the assembly time, as well as manufacturing costs and reject rates reduce. In addition, the lifespan of such ball joints increase.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 bzw. 2.This problem is solved by the features of the claim 1 or 2.

Hierdurch werden nicht nur Montagekosten und Ausschußquoten gesenkt, sondern durch die vollkommene Umhüllung des Schaftes ohne das Verbleiben eines Resthohlraums kann auch beim Auftreten eines Risses in der Umhüllung noch keine Verunreinigung, wie Staub oder sonstige Materialteilchen, zum Lager vordringen und das Lager beschädigen.This not only reduces assembly costs and reject rates lowered, but through the complete wrapping of the Shank without leaving a residual cavity can also if there is a crack in the casing, none yet Contamination, such as dust or other material particles, advance to the camp and damage the camp.

Durch die Anwendung der Erfindung entfällt die getrennte Herstellung und Lagerhaltung von Abdichtungen sowie von Spannringen, da sich der Kunststoff der Umhüllung beim Anformen in die Nut des Kugelgelenkgehäuses hinein erstreckt und sich mit dem Material desselben formschlüssig verbindet. Durch den Wegfall der Spannringe entfallen auch die gegebenenfalls hierdurch bedingten Ausschüsse und Nachbesserungen.The application of the invention eliminates the separate Manufacture and storage of seals and Clamping rings, because the plastic of the wrapping when Forming extends into the groove of the ball joint housing and form-fittingly connects with the material. The elimination of the tension rings also eliminates the where appropriate committees and Improvements.

Da die verwendeten Kunststoffe an dem Material des Kugelgelenkgehäuse gut haften, können neben Sicherungs- oder Spiralfederringe auch Nuten gegebenenfalls vollständig entfallen.Because the plastics used on the material of the ball joint housing adhere well, in addition to circlips or spiral spring washers grooves may also be completely omitted.

Weitere vorteilhafte Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben und werden nachfolgend anhand der in der Zeichnung veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit vom Boden aus eingespritzter Lagerschale und die
Fig. 2 und 2a bis 5
weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen eines Kugelgelenks.
Further advantageous details of the invention are specified in the subclaims and are described in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
an embodiment with the bottom shell injected and the
2 and 2a to 5
further advantageous configurations of a ball joint.

In der Zeichnung ist in Fig. 1 mit 1 ein Kugelgelenk bezeichnet. Es besitzt ein Kugelgelenkgehäuse 2, das mit einer Aussparung 3 versehen ist, die über eine Öffnung 2.1 zugänglich ist. In der Aussparung 3 befindet sich eine eingespritzte Lagerschale 4 aus Kunststoff mit geringem Reibungskoeffizienten. Die Lagerfläche der Lagerschale 4 dient zur Lagerung einer Kugel 5, die am Schaft 6 eines Kugelzapfens 7 vorgesehen ist. Am Kugelgelenkgehäuse 2 ist ein Befestigungsmittel in Form eines seitlich abstehenden Flansches 8 vorgesehen.In the drawing, 1 is a ball joint in FIG designated. It has a ball joint housing 2 with a recess 3 is provided which has an opening 2.1 is accessible. In the recess 3 there is one injected bearing shell 4 made of plastic with little Coefficient of friction. The bearing surface of the bearing shell 4 is used to support a ball 5, the one on the shaft 6 Ball pin 7 is provided. Is on the ball joint housing 2 a fastener in the form of a protruding laterally Flange 8 provided.

Die Herstellung des Kugelgelenks 1 erfolgt derart, daß der Kugelzapfen 7 mit seiner Kugel 5 in die Aussparung 3 in seiner vorgesehenen Endlage eingebracht und anschließend die Öffnung 2.1 mit einem nicht dargestellten Formwerkzeugstempel geschlossen wird. Auf der der Seite 2.1 gegenüberliegenden Seite ist der geschlossene Boden 2.2 des Kugelgelenkgehäuses 2 mit einer Angußöffnung 2.3 versehen, über die durch einen Angußstempel 10 eines nicht näher gezeigten Spritz- oder Spritzgießwerkzeugs die Kunststoffmasse in den verbleibenden Hohlraum zwischen der Innenwand 3.1 der Aussparung 3 und der Kugel 5 eingespritzt wird. Hierdurch wird die Lagerschale 4 gebildet.The ball joint 1 is manufactured in such a way that the Ball pin 7 with its ball 5 in the recess 3 in introduced its intended end position and then the opening 2.1 with a mold stamp, not shown is closed. On the opposite page 2.1 Side is the closed floor 2.2 of the Ball joint housing 2 provided with a sprue opening 2.3, about the one by a sprue stamp 10 no closer shown injection or injection mold the plastic mass in the remaining cavity between the inner wall 3.1 the recess 3 and the ball 5 is injected. As a result, the bearing shell 4 is formed.

Zur guten Verankerung der Lagerschale 4 in der Aussparung 3 ist deren Innenwand 3.1 gerauht, gerieft, umlaufend genutet, oder in sonst geeigneter Weise haftvermittelnd ausgebildet. Insbesondere kann bei der Herstellung des Kugelgelenkgehäuses 2 nach den bekannten Metallgußverfahren die entstehende rauhe Oberfläche unbearbeitet belassen werden, da es nicht auf eine hohe Genauigkeit bei der Herstellung der Innenwand 3.1 ankommt.For good anchoring of the bearing shell 4 in the recess 3 is the inner wall 3.1 roughened, serrated, all around grooved, or otherwise suitable for promoting adhesion educated. In particular, in the manufacture of the Ball joint housing 2 according to the known metal casting process leave the resulting rough surface unprocessed as it does not have a high accuracy in the Production of the inner wall 3.1 arrives.

Als Material für das Kugelgelenkgehäuse 2 dient ein Metall, vorzugsweise Stahl bzw. Gußstahl. Auch können Aluminium oder Kunststoff verwendet werden. Für die Lagerschale 4 wird ein thermoplastisch oder duroplastisch verformbarer und anschließend aushärtender Kunststoff verwendet, der eine geringe Gleitreibung besitzt. Als vorteilhafte Kunststoffe haben sich Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyoxymethylen, Polyethersulfon, Polyetheretherketon oder Polyamid erwiesen. Es sind jedoch auch andere geeignete Kunststoffe anwendbar.A metal serves as the material for the ball joint housing 2, preferably steel or cast steel. Also aluminum or plastic can be used. For the bearing shell 4 becomes a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic and then used hardening plastic that has low sliding friction. As beneficial Plastics have become polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyoxymethylene, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone or Proven polyamide. However, there are other suitable ones Plastics applicable.

Das Material der Lagerschale 4 kann auch aus einem geschäumten Kunststoff bestehen. Dieser geschäumte Kunststoff kann beispielsweise so hergestellt sein, daß dem Material, das im Spritz- oder im Spritzgießprozeß verarbeitet wird, etwa bis zu 20% Treibmittel zugesetzt sind. Dadurch erhält man einen offenporigen oder geschlossenporigen Kunststoff-Schaumstoffkörper, der trotz der Poren noch eine genügend große Festigkeit besitzt und daher eine lange Lebensdauer gewährleistet. Dieser Kunststoff-Schaumstoffkörper hat bei offenzelliger Ausbildung außerdem die Eigenschaft, Schmiermittel aufnehmen zu können, so daß ein Kugelgelenk 1 mit Dauerschmierung erhalten werden kann.The material of the bearing shell 4 can also consist of one foamed plastic exist. This foamed Plastic can for example be made so that the Material used in the injection or injection molding process processed, about up to 20% blowing agent added are. This gives you an open pore or closed-pore plastic foam body that despite the pores are still sufficiently strong and therefore a long service life is guaranteed. This Plastic foam body has open cell Training also property lubricants To be able to record so that a ball joint 1 with Permanent lubrication can be obtained.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der bisher durch eine Manschette bzw. einen Balg abgedichtete Bereich zwischen dem Schaft 6 und einer im oberen Bereich 2.0 des Kugelgelenkgehäuses 2 vorgesehenen umlaufenden Nut 2.01 mit einer angeformten elastischen, den gesamten vorhandenen Hohlraum ausfüllenden Umhüllung 21 aus einem vernetzten und/oder unvernetzten Elastomer umgeben. Die Umhüllung 21 verläuft zumindest vom mittleren Bereich 22 des Schaftes 6 aus bis in die Nut 2.01 oder bis unterhalb der Nut 2.01. Beim Anformen der elastischen Umhüllung 21 wird der Kunststoff in die Nut 2.01 eingeformt. Als Material für die Umhüllung 21 dienen vorzugsweise Kunststoffe, wie Polyurethan, Polyester oder Silikon oder auf der Basis von Polyurethan, Polyester oder Silikon. Da die verwendbaren Kunststoffe an dem Material des Kugelgelenkgehäuses 2 gut haften, können Sicherungs- oder Spiralfederringe vollständig entfallen. According to the present invention, the a bellows sealed area between the shaft 6 and one in the upper area 2.0 of the ball joint housing 2 provided circumferential groove 2.01 with a molded elastic, filling the entire existing cavity Envelope 21 from a networked and / or uncrosslinked Surround elastomer. The envelope 21 extends at least from middle region 22 of the shaft 6 from into the groove 2.01 or to below the groove 2.01. When molding the elastic covering 21, the plastic in the groove Molded 2.01. Serve as material for the casing 21 preferably plastics, such as polyurethane, polyester or Silicone or based on polyurethane, polyester or Silicone. Because the usable plastics on the material of the ball joint housing 2 adhere well, or spiral spring washers are completely eliminated.

Bevorzugt besteht die Umhüllung 21 aus geschlossen- und/oder offenzelligem Material, wie anhand des in der rechten Seite der Fig. 1 gezeigten teilweisen Schnittes durch die Umhüllung 21 dargestellt ist. Hierdurch wird eine günstigere Belastung des Materials bei großen Winkelausschlägen des Schaftes 6 erreicht und die Lebensdauer der Umhüllung 21 verlängert.The casing 21 preferably consists of closed and / or open-cell material, as shown in the right side of Fig. 1 shown partial section is represented by the envelope 21. This will create a cheaper loading of the material at large Angular deflections of the shaft 6 reached and the Life of the sheath 21 extended.

Insbesondere ist das geschäumte Material offenzellig ausgebildet und besitzt an seiner Außenoberfläche eine geschlossene Außenhaut 23. Dies bedingt bei mechanischer Beanspruchung eine höhere Festigkeit. Außerdem können bei diesem Material die Zellen als Schmiermittelreservoir dienen. Als Schmiermittel kann beispielsweise Fett oder Öl oder ein Fett-Öl-Gemisch verwendet werden.In particular, the foamed material has open cells trained and has a on its outer surface closed outer skin 23. This requires mechanical Strain a higher strength. In addition, at this material the cells as a lubricant reservoir serve. Grease or oil can be used as a lubricant, for example or a mixture of fat and oil can be used.

Mit Vorteil kann die Außenwand bzw. die Außenhaut 23, ähnlich den bekannten Balgmanschetten, ringförmig gewellt ausgebildet sein, wie anhand der rechten Seite des Kugelgelenks 1 der Fig. 1 gezeigt. Hierdurch werden die Zug- und Druckbelastungen des Materials der Umhüllung 21 bei starkem Ausschlag des Schaftes 6 vermindert und die Lebensdauer der Umhüllung und damit auch des Gleitlagers verlängert.The outer wall or the outer skin 23, similar to the well-known bellows cuffs, corrugated in a ring be trained, as on the right side of the Ball joint 1 of Fig. 1 shown. This will make the Tensile and compressive loads on the material of the casing 21 with a strong deflection of the shaft 6 reduced and the Lifetime of the casing and thus also of the plain bearing extended.

Es sei erwähnt, daß anstelle einer umlaufenden Nut 2.01 auch mehrere Nutabschnitte oder/und Einbuchtungen oder/und Einkerbungen vorgesehen sein können, in denen sich das Material der Umhüllung 21 fest verankern kann. Außerdem kann die Erfindung auch bei anderen Konstruktionen von Kugelgelenken angewendet werden. Beispielsweise muß keine Kunststoffschale 4 vorhanden sein oder das Kugelgelenkgehäuse 2 kann auch in beliebig anderer Weise, beispielsweise so ausgebildet sein, daß sein Boden eine Öffnung zum Einführen des Kugelzapfens aufweist, der mit einer Druckplatte verschlossen wird, welche durch Umbördeln bzw. Einrollieren eines Randes des Kugelgelenkgehäuses 2 befestigt wird. Auch ist es für die Funktion der Erfindung unbeachtlich, aus welchem Material das Kugelgelenkgehäuse 2 und/oder der Kugelzapfen 7 besteht bzw. bestehen. Diese Materialien können je nach auftretender Belastung oder dgl. frei gewählt werden.It should be mentioned that instead of a circumferential groove 2.01 also several groove sections or / and indentations or / and Notches can be provided in which the Can anchor material of the sheath 21 firmly. Moreover the invention can also be used in other constructions of Ball joints are applied. For example, no Plastic shell 4 may be present or the ball joint housing 2 can also be in any other way, for example be designed so that its bottom has an opening for Inserting the ball pin having a Pressure plate is closed, which by flanging or Rolling an edge of the ball joint housing 2 attached becomes. It is also for the function of the invention regardless of the material from which the ball joint housing 2 and / or the ball pin 7 is or exist. This Depending on the load or the like, materials can can be freely chosen.

Vorteilhaft ist die Anwendung der Erfindung auch bei Kugelgelenken 1 der in den Fig. 2 bis 5 dargestellten Art, bei denen der Formstempel zur Herstellung einer Kunststofflagerschale 4 in besonderer Weise ausgenützt wird.The application of the invention is also advantageous for Ball joints 1 of the type shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, where the die for the production of a plastic bearing shell 4 is used in a special way.

Gemäß dem in der Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist im Boden 2.2 des Kugelgelenkgehäuses 2 auf dem dem Kugelzapfen 7 gegenüberliegenden Kugelkalottenabschnitt 5.1 bei der Herstellung der Lagerschale 4 durch eine als Bohrung ausgebildete Öffnung 2.21 ein im Angußstempel 10 verschiebbar geführter Formstempel 10.1 gegen die Kugel 5 gepreßt.According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is in the bottom 2.2 of the ball joint housing 2 on the Ball stud 7 opposite spherical cap section 5.1 in the manufacture of the bearing shell 4 by a Bore formed opening 2.21 in the runner 10th slidably guided die 10.1 against the ball 5 pressed.

Ein besonderer Vorteil der Anwendung des Formstempels 10.1 ist aus den Fig. 2 und 3 ersichtlich. Bei den dort gezeigten Kugeln 5 ist der Kugelkalottenabschnitt 5.1 nicht voll als Kugelfläche ausgebildet, sondern bildet z.B. eine mehr oder weniger plane oder nach innen kegelförmige, gegebenenfalls abgestufte oder eingedellte Fläche 5.2. Dies tritt bei der Herstellung des Kugelkörpers 5 in der Regel dann auf, wenn der Kugelzapfen 7 mit der Kugel 5 nach der spanabhebenden Bearbeitung vom Rohmaterial abgetrennt, insbesondere durch Drehen abgestochen wird. Würde hier die Lagerschale 4 ohne Formstempel 10.1 gespritzt werden, dann könnte sich die Kugel 5 nicht mehr oder nur sehr schwer drehen bzw. schwenken lassen. Wird jedoch die Öffnung 2.21 so angeordnet und auch der Formstempel 10.1 derart angeordnet und ausgeführt, daß er zumindest die Fläche 5.2 bedeckt und dicht umschließt, dann tritt dieser Effekt nicht mehr auf. Dieser Flächenbereich wird dann nämlich nicht mehr mit ausgespritzt, so daß die Kugel 5 in der Lagerschale 4 allseitig leicht bewegt werden kann, auch wenn die Kugelfläche nicht voll ausgebildet ist. Durch Anwendung dieser Maßnahme ist daher der Abstechvorgang oder dgl. unkritisch, so daß die Kugel 5 und damit auch das Kugelgelenk 1 rationell und kostengünstig hergestellt werden können.A particular advantage of using the die 10.1 can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3. With those over there Balls 5 shown is not the spherical cap section 5.1 fully formed as a spherical surface, but forms e.g. a more or less flat or conical inwards, if necessary, graded or dented surface 5.2. This usually occurs in the manufacture of the spherical body 5 then when the ball pin 7 with the ball 5 after the machining removed from the raw material, is tapped in particular by turning. Would here Bearing shell 4 are injected without a punch 10.1, then the ball 5 could no longer or only with great difficulty turn or swivel. However, if the opening 2.21 so arranged and also the form stamp 10.1 in such a way arranged and executed that he at least the area 5.2 covered and tightly sealed, then this effect occurs no longer on. This area is then namely no longer sprayed with, so that the ball 5 in the Bearing shell 4 can be easily moved on all sides, too if the spherical surface is not fully developed. By The application of this measure is therefore the parting off process or Like. Uncritically, so that the ball 5 and thus that Ball joint 1 rationally and inexpensively manufactured can be.

Zusätzlich ist durch den Formstempel 10.1 unter anderem eine gute Fixierung der Kugel 5 im Formwerkzeug gewährleistet. Bei Verwendung des Formstempels 10.1 ist bzw. sind vorzugsweise wenigstens eine oder auch mehrere Angußstellen 2.3 seitlich vom Formstempel 10.1 angebracht, wie in der Fig. 2a anhand von vier Angußstellen 2.3 schematisch dargestellt ist.In addition, the form stamp 10.1 among other things a good fixation of the ball 5 in the mold guaranteed. When using the form punch 10.1 or are preferably at least one or more Sprue 2.3 attached to the side of the form stamp 10.1, as in Fig. 2a based on four sprue 2.3 is shown schematically.

Gemäß dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel kann bzw. können mittels entsprechender Formwerkzeuge ein bzw. je ein Dichtungs-O-Ring 11 bzw. 12 aus einem Kautschuk oder einem Elastomer eingesetzt oder insbesondere bei der Herstellung der Lagerschale 4 mit eingeformt werden. Dieser bzw. diese dichten den jeweiligen Endrand 4.2 der Lagerschale 4 nach außen hin ab.According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 can or can use an appropriate molding tool or each a sealing O-ring 11 or 12 made of a rubber or an elastomer used or in particular in the Production of the bearing shell 4 can be molded in. This or these seal the respective end edge 4.2 of the Bearing shell 4 from the outside.

Die durch den Formstempel 10.1 erhaltene Öffnung 4.1 in der Lagerschale 4 kann durch eine eingesetzte, eingepreßte oder eingegossene Dichtung aus einem Elastomer oder aus einem thermo- oder duroplastischen Kunststoff, auch in Form eines geschlossen- oder offenporigen Schaumstoffs, geschlossen werden. Zur Verbesserung der Gleiteigenschaften der Kugel 5 in der Lagerschale 4 kann bei Verwendung von offenzelligem Schaumstoff dieser mit einem Schmiermittel, beispielsweise einem Öl und/oder Fett, getränkt sein.The opening 4.1 obtained by the die 10.1 in the Bearing shell 4 can be inserted, pressed or cast seal made from an elastomer or from a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic, also in the form of a closed or open pore foam, closed become. To improve the sliding properties of the ball 5 in the bearing shell 4 can with the use of open cells Foam this with a lubricant, for example an oil and / or fat.

In die Öffnung 2.21 kann auch gemäß Fig. 4 wenigstens eine Druckfeder 13 aus Kunststoff oder insbesondere aus Metall, beispielsweise in Form einer Schraubenfeder oder einer Tellerfeder, angeordnet sein. Diese kann bzw. können durch ein fest einsetzbares Fixierelement 14, z. B. einem als Dichtung dienenden Verschlußstopfen, aus Kunststoff oder Metall lagegesichert und gegen den Kugelkalottenabschnitt 5.1 vorgespannt sein. Die Druckfeder(n) 13 gewährleistet bzw. gewährleisten Spielfreiheit der Kugel 5 und verhindert bzw. verhindern das Entstehen von Klappergeräuschen bei über der Lebensdauer des Lagers eingetretenem Verschleiß. Das Fixierelement 14 kann in den Boden 2.2 eingeschnappt, eingepreßt, eingeschweißt, eingeklebt und/oder eingebördelt sein. Auch kann es, eventuell zusätzlich, ein Außengewinde aufweisen und beispielsweise gemäß Fig. 4 als einschraubbare Scheibe ausgebildet sein.According to FIG. 4, at least one can also be inserted into opening 2.21 Compression spring 13 made of plastic or in particular of metal, for example in the form of a coil spring or Belleville washer. This can or can by a fixed fixation element 14, for. B. one as Sealing plug, made of plastic or Metal secured and against the spherical cap section 5.1 be biased. The compression spring (s) 13 ensures or ensure freedom of play of the ball 5 and prevents or prevent the creation of rattling noises wear occurred over the life of the bearing. The fixing element 14 can be snapped into the floor 2.2, pressed, welded, glued and / or crimped his. It can also, possibly additionally, have an external thread have and for example according to FIG. 4 as screwable Disk be formed.

Die Öffnung 2.21 kann auch bei Anwendung von Druckfedern 13, mit Öl und/oder Fett gefüllt sein. Zweckmäßig kann das Fixierelement 14 aus einem insbesondere einschraubbaren Schmiernippel 15 bestehen, wie anhand der Fig. 5 gezeigt ist. Auch können der Schmiernippel 15 und das Fixierelement 14 so ausgebildet sein, daß der Schmiernippel 15 in das Fixierelement 14 eingeschraubt werden kann.The opening 2.21 can also be used when using compression springs 13, be filled with oil and / or fat. This can be useful Fixing element 14 made of a screwable, in particular Lubricating nipples 15 exist, as shown with reference to FIG. 5 is. The lubricating nipple 15 and the fixing element can also be used 14 be designed so that the grease nipple 15 in the Fixing element 14 can be screwed.

Schließlich wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, daß die Umhüllung 21 als Zweikomponenten-Ausführung, d.h. aus praktisch unelastischem Material, wie beispielsweise Polyamid, im Bereich der umlaufenden Nuten 2.01, 2.02 oder der Nutabschnitte oder/und der Einbuchtungen oder/und der Einkerbungen und aus einem Elastomer in den übrigen Bereichen der Umhüllung 21 ausgeführt ist.Finally, it is considered advantageous that the Enclosure 21 as a two-component design, i.e. out practically inelastic material, such as Polyamide, in the area of the circumferential grooves 2.01, 2.02 or the groove sections and / or the indentations or / and the Notches and from an elastomer in the rest Areas of the envelope 21 is executed.

Auch wenn im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 zwei Nuten, insbesondere umlaufende Nuten 2.01 und 2.02, eingezeichnet sind, können mit Vorteil auch Ausführungen verwendet werden, die nur eine der beiden Nuten 2.01 oder 2.02 oder gar keine Nut besitzen.Even if in the embodiment of FIG. 1 two grooves, in particular circumferential grooves 2.01 and 2.02 versions can also be used with advantage be only one of the two grooves 2.01 or 2.02 or have no groove at all.

Claims (13)

  1. Ball joint (1), consisting of a ball joint housing (2), preferably with moulded fastening means (8), a ball (5) of a ball pin (7) mounted pivotably in a recess (3) of the housing directly or by means of a bearing shell (4) provided between the recess (3) and the ball (5), and an elastic seal between the shank (6) of the ball pin (7) and the ball joint housing (2), characterised in that the seal consists of a cover (21) made of a crosslinked and/or uncrosslinked elastomer moulded to the ball joint housing (2) after assembly of the ball joint (1), enclosing the upper area (2.0) of the ball joint housing (2) sealingly and extending as far as the shank (6) and enclosing the latter, whereby no cavity remains between the ball joint housing (2), the ball pin (7) and the elastomer of the cover (21).
  2. Ball joint (1), consisting of a ball joint housing (2), preferably with moulded fastening means (8), a ball (5) of a ball pin (7) mounted pivotably in a recess (3) of the housing directly or by means of a bearing shell (4) provided between the recess (3) and the ball (5), and an elastic seal (21) between the shank (6) of the ball pin (7) and the ball joint housing (2), characterised in that the seal (21) consists of a cover (21) moulded to the ball joint housing (2) after assembly of the ball joint (1), enclosing the upper area (2.0) of the ball joint housing (2) sealingly and extending as far as the shank (6) and enclosing the latter, in that on the outside in the upper area (2.0) the ball joint housing (2) has a peripheral groove (2.01) or groove sections or/and niches or/and notches, in that the cover (21) extends to or to below the groove (2.01) or groove sections or/and niches or/and notches, in that this or these is or are filled with the material of the cover (21), and in that possibly a further peripheral groove (2.02) or groove sections or/and niches or/and notches are provided in the shank (6) of the ball pin (7), and the cover (21) is embodied in two component form, i.e. of practically inelastic material, such as for example polyamide, in the area of the peripheral grooves (2.01, 2.02) or the groove sections or/and the niches or/and the notches, and of a crosslinked and/or uncrosslinked elastomer in the remaining areas of the cover (21), whereby no cavity remains between the ball joint housing (2), the ball pin (7) and the material of the cover (21).
  3. Ball joint according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the elastomer of the cover (21) consists of an open-cell and/or closed-cell foam with a sealing outer skin (23).
  4. Ball joint according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that on the outside in the upper area (2.0) the ball joint housing (2) has a peripheral groove (2.01) or groove sections or/and niches or/and notches, in that the cover (21) extends to or to below the groove (2.01) or groove sections or/and niches or/and notches, and in that this or these is or are filled with the material of the cover (21).
  5. Ball joint according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a further peripheral groove (2.02) or groove sections or/and niches or/and notches are provided in the shank (6) of the ball pin (7).
  6. Ball joint according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the elastomer of the cover (21) consists of polyurethane or is based on polyurethane.
  7. Ball joint according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the elastomer of the cover (21) consists of polyester or is based on polyester.
  8. Ball joint according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the elastomer of the cover (21) consists of silicone or is based on silicone.
  9. Ball joint according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the material of the cover (21) is a foamed open-cell and/or closed-cell polymer material.
  10. Ball joint according to claim 9, characterised in that the foam takes the form of an open-cell moulding with a closed outer skin (23).
  11. Ball joint according to claim 10, characterised in that the cells of the foam are at least partly filled with a lubricant.
  12. Ball joint according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the external surface or the outer skin (23) of the cover (21) has annular corrugations.
  13. Ball joint according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the ball (5) is mounted in the recess (3) of the ball joint housing (2) in an inserted or injection-moulded ball shell (8) made of plastic.
EP97910257A 1996-10-07 1997-10-07 Ball joint Expired - Lifetime EP0929749B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29617276U 1996-10-07
DE29617276U DE29617276U1 (en) 1996-10-07 1996-10-07 Ball joint
PCT/DE1997/002288 WO1998015746A1 (en) 1996-10-07 1997-10-07 Ball joint

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0929749A1 EP0929749A1 (en) 1999-07-21
EP0929749B1 true EP0929749B1 (en) 2000-06-07

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EP97910257A Expired - Lifetime EP0929749B1 (en) 1996-10-07 1997-10-07 Ball joint

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US (1) US6152641A (en)
EP (1) EP0929749B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001501715A (en)
DE (2) DE29617276U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2149579T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1998015746A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE29617276U1 (en) 1998-02-05
US6152641A (en) 2000-11-28
DE59701856D1 (en) 2000-07-13
WO1998015746A1 (en) 1998-04-16
JP2001501715A (en) 2001-02-06
EP0929749A1 (en) 1999-07-21
ES2149579T3 (en) 2000-11-01

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