EP0918595B1 - Ameliorations portant sur des procedes de meulage - Google Patents

Ameliorations portant sur des procedes de meulage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0918595B1
EP0918595B1 EP97932941A EP97932941A EP0918595B1 EP 0918595 B1 EP0918595 B1 EP 0918595B1 EP 97932941 A EP97932941 A EP 97932941A EP 97932941 A EP97932941 A EP 97932941A EP 0918595 B1 EP0918595 B1 EP 0918595B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
wheel
workpiece
plunge
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97932941A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0918595A1 (fr
Inventor
Stephen Roger Coverdale
Michael Laycock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intermec Europe Ltd
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Unova UK Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unova UK Ltd filed Critical Unova UK Ltd
Priority to EP01110723A priority Critical patent/EP1180414B1/fr
Publication of EP0918595A1 publication Critical patent/EP0918595A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0918595B1 publication Critical patent/EP0918595B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B17/00—Special adaptations of machines or devices for grinding controlled by patterns, drawings, magnetic tapes or the like; Accessories therefor
    • B24B17/10—Special adaptations of machines or devices for grinding controlled by patterns, drawings, magnetic tapes or the like; Accessories therefor involving electrical transmission means only, e.g. controlled by magnetic tape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S451/00—Abrading
    • Y10S451/913—Contour abrading

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a method of grinding a workpiece.
  • Removal of metal from a workpiece to define a ground region of a given axial length and diameter can be achieved by plunge grinding using a wheel whose width is equal to the axial length of the region to be ground, or by using a narrower wheel and progressively removing the material from the workpiece by axially traversing the workpiece relative to the wheel (or vice versa), or by using the narrow wheel and performing a series of adjacent slightly overlapping plunge grinds.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional plunge grinding technique.
  • a grinding wheel 10 is shown aligned with the region 12 of a workpiece 14 which has been ground by plunging the wheel 10 into the workpiece 14 in the direction of the arrow 16 by a distance equal to the change in radius as between the larger diameter 14 and the smaller diameter 12.
  • the minimum time for grinding is obtained by selecting a single grinding wheel of width L and performing a single plunge grind.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a conventional grinding method.
  • the grinding wheel 10 is replaced by a narrower grinding wheel 18 the thickness of which is approximately one third that of the wheel 10.
  • a single plunge grind of the wheel 18 will produce a reduced diameter section 20 which if the feed in the direction of arrow 22 in Figure 2 is the same as the distance through which wheel 10 is moved, will result in the same final diameter for the region 20 as is the diameter of region 12.
  • the wheel 18 is now retracted in the opposite direction of arrow 22 and either the wheel or the workpiece indexed (or both) so as to present another region of the workpiece 14 for grinding, after which a second plunge grind is performed so as to remove one or other of the regions denoted in dotted outline at 24 and 26. Subsequent indexing allows the remaining region to be removed by a third plunge grind.
  • regions such as 26 are plunge ground before region such as 24, so that each of the flat surfaces of the wheel 18 is subjected to the same number of interactions with unground material as is the other.
  • the actual thickness of the wheel 18 should be just greater than one third of the distance L.
  • the first plunge grind By aligning the left hand edge of the wheel 18 with the left hand end position of the region 20 which is to be ground, the first plunge grind will remove just over one third of the distance L. By then aligning the right hand edge of the wheel 18 a distance L from the shoulder formed by the first plunge grind, a second plunge grind will remove material from the opposite end of the region 20 over a distance equal to just over one third of the length L measured from the right hand shoulder. This leaves an annular upstand in the middle which is somewhat less than one third L in axial extent and is equidistant from each of the two shoulders at opposite ends of the region 20. This annulus of unwanted material can then be removed by a single plunge grind by centering it and the wheel 18 and performing the third plunge grind.
  • a second wheel (not shown) may be used to perform the plunge grind in the region in which the undercut is required, but the other region or regions in which an undercut is not required can be removed using a plain grinding wheel such as that shown at 18 in Figure 2.
  • a wheel dressing device (not shown) is provided to produce and regularly maintain/reinstate the external peripheral profile of the wheel 28, and a single plunge grind will result in a ground region in the workpiece 14 made up of a cylindrical pin surface 30 having a diameter less than the diameter of the adjoining regions of the workpiece 14m, with two undercuts 32 and 34, one at each end between the reduced diameter pin 30 and the shoulders 36 and 38.
  • the profile 40 and 42 on the grinding wheel 28 which produce the undercuts 32 and 34 become worn and it is necessary in practice to frequently re-shape the wheel 28 so as to ensure that the correct depth of undercut is achieved.
  • Figure 4 shows how the region 30 of Figure 3 can be ground using two narrower grinding wheels 44 and 46 each containing an edge profile 48 and 50 respectively for grinding an undercut.
  • the method involves plunge grinding using the first grinding wheel 44 so as to grind the first half of a reduced diameter section 54 of the workpiece 52, with an undercut 56.
  • the wheel 44 is then withdrawn and by appropriate relative movement, the second wheel 46 is aligned with the other part of the region to be ground.
  • the region shown in dotted outline is now ground so as to complete the grinding of the region 54, with a second undercut at 58.
  • each of the two grinding wheels 44 and 46 (including the profiled region 48 and 50 in each case), is just a little in excess of 50% of the axial distance between the two shoulders or cheeks left after grinding, namely 60 and 62.
  • the two wheels 44 and 46 can be used to grind any region similar to 54 in which the distance between the two shoulders 60 and 62 can be anything between the width of the wider of the two wheels 44 and 46 up to the sum of the widths of the two grinding wheels.
  • overlapping the two plain sections of the grinding wheels should not produce any additional unwanted grinding provided the two grinding wheels are advanced by the appropriate amount in each case.
  • the two grinding wheels 44 and 46 should both be of the same width since this will give the greatest range of dimensions between shoulders 60 and 62.
  • a plunge grind using wheel 44 forms the shoulder 60 and the first region 54 with an undercut 56.
  • Retraction and indexing allows the second grinding wheel 46 to plunge grind the second shoulder 62, and a second part of the reduced diameter region 54 which in Figure 5B is denoted by 55.
  • the edge profile on wheel 46 produces the second undercut 58.
  • the difference between the Figure 4 and Figure 5 arrangements is that after the second plunge grind there exists an annular region 64 between the two regions 54 and 55, the outside diameter of which is commensurate with that of the workpiece 52.
  • neither of the wheels 44 and 46 can be used to remove this region.
  • a third grinding wheel 66 is provided and after appropriate indexing (see Figure 5(c)) to bring the workpiece 64 into registry with the third wheel 66 (either by moving the workpiece relative to the wheel or the wheel relative to the workpiece, or both), the unwanted region 64 can be removed by plunge grinding using the third wheel 66. If the latter is less than the thickness of the wheel 66, a single plunge grind suitably located relative to the workpiece will remove the annulus of unwanted material. If as shown, the region 64 is of greater axial extent than the thickness of the wheel 66, two or more plunge grinds will be required. To even out wear on the wheel 66, the latter is preferably introduced in a given sequence which may have to be changed from one workpiece to the next. Thus for example the wheel 66 may be introduced at the left hand end of the region 64 first of all, and then the right hand end and then if any material still remains to be removed, it can be brought in centrally.
  • the axial length of the region 64 is excessive, so that four or five or even more plunge grinds are required, these are preferably arranged so that an equal number involve one side and an equal number the other side of the wheel 66 so as to create a uniform wear pattern.
  • the invention is of particular application to grinding using CBN electroplated wheels.
  • the grinding capability of such wheels has not been taken full advantage of hitherto.
  • the wheel manufacturers specify a maximum material removal rate and it has been found that rarely is this rate achieved during grinding.
  • the motor power particularly the RMS power of the motor driving the grinding wheel, limits the rate at which the wheel can be advanced and material removed.
  • the RMS power capability of a motor is a measure of the continuous power requirements for the whole cycle and if the motor RMS power specification is exceeded the motor will overheat.
  • SMRR specific metal removal rate
  • wheel manufacturers suggest that the maximum SMRR for electroplate CBN wheels is 360mm 3 /mm.s when grinding cast iron and using neat oil as a coolant.
  • motor power limitations have limited wheel feed rates so that actually grinding is in the range 30 to 66mm 3 /mm.s.
  • much higher grinding rates than the 30 to 60 rate quoted above can be achieved which enables feed times to be greatly reduced.
  • the specific metal removal rate can be found to be 36.9mm 3 /mm.s (from a graph of SMRR vs specific power). Grinding time for the four pins is therefore 4x14 which equals 56 seconds. The time with the spindle running/coolant on is 5.1 seconds.
  • the feed rate can be increased and the cycle time is now reduced to 63.3 seconds for the same maximum RMS power requirement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de rectification d'une pièce d'usinage (14), comprenant les étapes consistant à choisir au moins deux meules (18) ayant des critères de dimensions tels que leur largeur est inférieure à la longueur axiale d'une surface à rectifier et est aussi étroite que possible en fonction d'une vitesse d'avance voulue et d'une puissance d'entraínement maximale disponible, mais qu'elles ne sont sensiblement pas plus larges que nécessaire pour des considérations de résistance mécanique des meules, et à effectuer au moins deux rectifications en plongée avec les deux meules (18) afin de rectifier la surface de la pièce, à réaliser un indexage radial relatif entre au moins une des meules et la pièce (14), puis à effectuer au moins une rectification en plongée intermédiaire entre les rectifications en plongée initiales pour ainsi supprimer toute matière non rectifiée restant entre celles-ci.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel plus de deux meules de rectification (18) sont prévues, dont au moins deux viennent simultanément au contact de la pièce à rectifier.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface d'une pièce (14) est rectifiée entre des épaulements, ou de manière à former des épaulements, comprenant les étapes consistant à rectifier en plongée l'un, adjacent, des épaulements ou à former l'un des épaulements, à réaliser un indexage axial relatif entre l'une des meules et la pièce, rectifier en plongée au voisinage immédiat de l'autre épaulement afin de former l'autre épaulement, puis à éliminer toute matière non rectifiée restant entre les deux épaulements en effectuant une ou plusieurs étapes de rectification en plongée avec un indexage approprié.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel trois rectifications en plongée supplémentaires ou davantage sont nécessaires et l'indexage est tel qu'une première face d'une des meules est présentée avec une matière non rectifiée sensiblement le même nombre de fois dans la suite de rectifications en plongée supplémentaires que l'autre face de ladite meule.
  5. Procédé de rectification selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la surface de la pièce à usiner est destinée à avoir un épaulement annulaire au moins à une extrémité, et comprenant la réalisation par rectification, au voisinage immédiat de l'épaulement, d'un profil annulaire tel qu'une gorge ou une saillie annulaire radiale.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel deux profils sont à créer, un à chaque extrémité de ladite surface et la rectification est effectuée avec les deux meules (44, 46) par rectification en plongée d'une première extrémité à l'aide d'une première meule (44), d'une rectification en plongée de l'autre extrémité à l'aide d'une deuxième meule (46), toute autre matière restant à rectifier entre les deux extrémités étant éliminée par une ou plusieurs rectifications en plongée à l'aide d'au moins une meule de rectification cylindrique extérieure (66).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 5, par lequel deux gorges sont formées au voisinage immédiat de deux épaulements annulaires à des extrémités opposées d'une surface cylindrique, une première meule (44) à surface de rectification d'une forme appropriée étant placée au contact d'une première extrémité de la surface de façon à rectifier une gorge et à effectuer une rectification plane d'une partie de la surface cylindrique adjacente, et une deuxième meule (46) de forme appropriée étant placée au contact de l'autre extrémité pour rectifier l'autre gorge et le reste de la surface cylindrique entre les deux gorges.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel la pièce à usiner est constituée par un vilebrequin (42) et la surface à rectifier est un maneton (98) de celui-ci.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel au moins une des deux meules de rectification effectue plusieurs rectifications en plongée pour rectifier une surface cylindrique entre deux épaulements au cours d'une première opération, et une meule profilée (28) est employée pour rectifier deux gorges lors d'une deuxième opération, la largeur de la meule profilée n'étant pas supérieure à la distance axiale entre les deux épaulements et le diamètre de la meule profilée étant tel que sa surface entre les deux profils annulaires qui servent à rectifier les gorges ne vient pas au contact de la surface rectifiée entre les gorges.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel, pendant une première opération, la largeur de la matière rectifiée est limitée par la largeur des meules, mais la durée du cycle est optimisée en utilisant plusieurs rectifications en plongée avec un fort enlèvement de métal, et, pendant une deuxième opération, des gorges sont rectifiées et la largeur réelle de la meule (28) au contact de la pièce est limitée à la largeur des deux profils de rectification annulaires qui forment les deux gorges, le reste de la meule servant de soutien structurel pour les deux profils annulaires, grâce à quoi la largeur effective de la meule pendant la rectification des gorges est égale à la somme des largeurs des deux profils annulaires créant les gorges, grâce à quoi un grand enlèvement de métal est obtenu sans trop solliciter la capacité de puissance de la machine.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant les étapes consistant à programmer un moyen d'entraínement à indexage d'une poupée porte-meule et/ou d'une pièce à usiner pour permettre un réglage des positions relatives de la poupée porte-meule et de la pièce au cours d'une suite d'étapes pour réaliser une suite de rectifications en plongée, qui peuvent se chevaucher ou non, pour permettre à ladite surface axiale de la pièce d'être rectifiée, l'étendue axiale de ladite surface axiale étant supérieure à la largeur de chacune des meules, à programmer un système de commande informatisé de machine pour produire des signaux de commande afin de commander la vitesse d'avance des meules pendant la rectification en fonction de signaux de réaction pendant la rectification, et à entrer des données dans des mémoires de données associées au système de commande, concernant la puissance maximale instantanée et la puissance en valeur quadratique moyenne du moteur d'entraínement de l'axe porte-meules, et à commander la vitesse d'avance des meules par le système de commande pour permettre de réaliser une vitesse d'avance limitée seulement par les capacités de puissance maximale et de puissance en valeur quadratique moyenne du moteur d'entraínement de l'axe porte-meules de façon que la vitesse d'enlèvement de matière soit aussi élevée que le permettent les capacités de puissance de la machine pendant chaque plongée, ce qui optimise donc la durée totale du cycle de rectification, les signaux de réaction permettant chacun, au fur et à mesure de la rectification, le calcul de la puissance instantanée et de la puissance en valeur quadratique moyenne du moteur de l'axe porte-meules.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la programmation de l'avance des meules comprend les étapes consistant à saisir des paramètres tels que la matière des meules, la matière de la pièce d'usinage, la vitesse de coupe de la pièce, la composition du liquide de refroidissement, la limite d'avance de la meule par révolution de la pièce, la puissance maximale instantanée et la puissance en valeur quadratique moyenne du moteur d'entraínement de l'axe porte-meules, et la vitesse de coupe des meules.
EP97932941A 1996-07-24 1997-07-23 Ameliorations portant sur des procedes de meulage Expired - Lifetime EP0918595B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01110723A EP1180414B1 (fr) 1996-07-24 1997-07-23 Machine à meuler

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9615511 1996-07-24
GBGB9615511.4A GB9615511D0 (en) 1996-07-24 1996-07-24 Improvements relating to grinding methods and apparatus
PCT/GB1997/001993 WO1998003303A1 (fr) 1996-07-24 1997-07-23 Ameliorations portant sur des procedes et appareils de meulage

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01110723A Division EP1180414B1 (fr) 1996-07-24 1997-07-23 Machine à meuler

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0918595A1 EP0918595A1 (fr) 1999-06-02
EP0918595B1 true EP0918595B1 (fr) 2004-04-21

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01110723A Expired - Lifetime EP1180414B1 (fr) 1996-07-24 1997-07-23 Machine à meuler
EP97932941A Expired - Lifetime EP0918595B1 (fr) 1996-07-24 1997-07-23 Ameliorations portant sur des procedes de meulage

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01110723A Expired - Lifetime EP1180414B1 (fr) 1996-07-24 1997-07-23 Machine à meuler

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US6319097B1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1180414B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9710398A (fr)
DE (2) DE69728772T2 (fr)
ES (2) ES2238356T3 (fr)
GB (2) GB9615511D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998003303A1 (fr)

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CN110834242A (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-02-25 科德数控股份有限公司 一种龙门磨床
CN113211265A (zh) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-06 河北硕凯铸造有限公司 一种高合金离心复合铸造耐磨辊套加工用数控立式磨床

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DE69728772D1 (de) 2004-05-27
EP1180414B1 (fr) 2005-03-16
GB2317842A (en) 1998-04-08
ES2238356T3 (es) 2005-09-01
ES2219772T3 (es) 2004-12-01
GB2317842B (en) 2000-12-13
GB9615511D0 (en) 1996-09-04
WO1998003303A1 (fr) 1998-01-29
EP0918595A1 (fr) 1999-06-02
EP1180414A1 (fr) 2002-02-20
DE69732808D1 (de) 2005-04-21
GB9715565D0 (en) 1997-10-01
DE69728772T2 (de) 2005-04-28
US6306018B1 (en) 2001-10-23
US6319097B1 (en) 2001-11-20
DE69732808T2 (de) 2006-04-06
BR9710398A (pt) 1999-08-17

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