EP0908556A2 - Machine à papier et procédé de fabrication d'une bande de papier - Google Patents

Machine à papier et procédé de fabrication d'une bande de papier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0908556A2
EP0908556A2 EP98117848A EP98117848A EP0908556A2 EP 0908556 A2 EP0908556 A2 EP 0908556A2 EP 98117848 A EP98117848 A EP 98117848A EP 98117848 A EP98117848 A EP 98117848A EP 0908556 A2 EP0908556 A2 EP 0908556A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
paper machine
machine according
roller
take
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98117848A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0908556A3 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Heinzmann
Albrecht Dr. Meinecke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent GmbH
Publication of EP0908556A2 publication Critical patent/EP0908556A2/fr
Publication of EP0908556A3 publication Critical patent/EP0908556A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/0209—Wet presses with extended press nip
    • D21F3/0218—Shoe presses
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/32—Washing wire-cloths or felts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/04—Arrangements thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/04—Arrangements thereof
    • D21F3/045—Arrangements thereof including at least one extended press nip
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0063—Devices for threading a web tail through a paper-making machine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a paper machine for producing a material web such as in particular a paper or cardboard web, in which the to be manufactured Material web on the surface of a transfer medium to a Tapping point is transferred, in whose area a at least in essentially open surface, preferably air-permeable Tape is guided over a take-off roller or the like and the Material web decreases from the surface of the transfer medium. It affects also a method for producing a material web according to the preamble of claim 45.
  • US-A-5 240 563 or US-A-5 534 116 known paper machine is said to support the web handover be that the transfer belt with the web in front of a suction roller to the the dryer fabric is guided, for example by deflection devices is distracted.
  • a cylinder can be placed in the transfer belt loop be provided in the area downstream of a suction device is provided, which leads the web away from the transfer belt to the dryer fabric.
  • the invention is based, the paper machine and the task Develop methods of the type mentioned in such a way that in particular Always optimal conditions even at higher running speeds are guaranteed and reliable operation of the paper machine in question is ensured.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention solved that an extended in the web running direction at the take-off point Press nip is formed, in the area facing the material web Surface of the transfer agent, both forming a deflected at least substantially concave well as well a pressing force specifically generated in the area of this deflection against the Removal roller is pressed to thereby remove the web of material to support from the transfer agent surface.
  • the transfer means can, for example, by at least one essential water-impermeable transfer ribbon be formed.
  • the transfer means at least one has essentially smooth surface.
  • the surface has functional roughness of the transfer agent.
  • the surface of the transfer agent is at least essentially closed.
  • the invention is thus generally related to web acceptance through an air permeable Tissue from a transfer agent applicable, this Transfer agent, for example, by an at least substantially impermeable Band formed and the surface of the transfer agent for example, at least essentially smooth, with a functional Provide roughness and / or at least be essentially closed can.
  • the transfer means can in particular be an endless transfer belt be formed in the area provided at the delivery point Press nip forming the concave trough inside the Belt loop deflected and through provided in the area of the press nip, arranged inside the belt loop against the Removal roller is pressed.
  • the pressing means have one of the material webs facing contact surface, which at least after reaching a certain Pressure is concavely curved.
  • the concave curvature the contact surface is at least substantially complementary to the cylindrical Surface of the take-off roller.
  • the pressing means comprise one made of elastic material existing press roll, the surface of which is due to the pressure on the Pickup roller deformed concavely.
  • the press roller can, for example be a full roll made of elastic material.
  • the pressing means comprise at least one press shoe with one facing the material web concave contact surface.
  • This press shoe is expedient by several across the machine width distributed pressure elements pressed against the take-off roller.
  • the pressure elements can be at least partially independent of each other be acted upon.
  • the pressing surface of the press shoe is advantageously lubricated hydrodynamic and / or hydrostatic.
  • the pressing surface of the press shoe is advantageously lubricated hydrodynamic and / or hydrostatic.
  • at least essentially within the loop of the transfer belt Water spray pipe extending over the machine width is provided be.
  • the transfer belt can be on the inside with a wear-resistant and / or friction-reducing layer be provided.
  • the transfer belt is formed by a press belt.
  • This press belt can be in the web running direction before at the take-off point provided press nip together with the material web by at least a further press nip serving to treat the material web be guided in a press section.
  • the press belt formed by the press jacket of a shoe press, the area the tapping point provided, arranged within the press jacket Pressing means in this case at least one press shoe with one of the Include material web facing concave pressure surface.
  • the press shoe can again by several across the machine width distributed pressure elements to be pressed against the take-off roller, wherein these pressure elements are preferably at least partially independent again can be acted upon by each other.
  • the contact surface of the press shoe can be hydrodynamic again and / or be hydrostatically lubricated.
  • the paper machine forms the shoe press roll assigned to a press section in Web direction in front of the press nip provided at the take-off point together with a respective counter surface at least one of the treatment the further press nip serving the material web.
  • the shoe press roll assigned to a press section in Web direction in front of the press nip provided at the take-off point together with a respective counter surface at least one of the treatment the further press nip serving the material web.
  • the shoe press roll assigned to a press section in Web direction in front of the press nip provided at the take-off point together with a respective counter surface at least one of the treatment the further press nip serving the material web.
  • a Counter roll formed against which the press jacket of the shoe press roll can be pressed by at least one press shoe.
  • the counter roll can be, for example, by a roll with a relative rigid roll shell or alternatively by a shoe press roll with at least one provided in the area of the relevant press nip, arranged within the flexible press shell press shoe.
  • the take-off roller is formed by a suction roller.
  • the extraction point is vented not absolutely necessary, since relaxation on the one hand and the tension on the other hand in conjunction with that accordingly a minimum contact pressure against the take-off roller reliable rail takeover already guaranteed. This However, takeover can be done by appropriate suction can be further optimized.
  • a particularly safe path is achieved when the suction zone the suction roll in the web running direction over that formed at the take-off point Press nip extends.
  • At least essentially tape with an open surface can be, for example a dryer fabric of a dryer section.
  • the tapping point can thus, for example, between a press section and a dryer section the paper machine.
  • the take-off roller can be cambered, even in the event of a deflection to ensure an even surface pressure of the roller.
  • These cleaning agents can have at least one jet cleaning device include. At least one jet cleaning device is expedient provided for cleaning by rotating Water jet takes place, for example, through a rotating water nozzle is generated as used for cleaning dryer fabrics becomes. At least one such jet cleaning device can be used as a traversing device Cleaning device be formed.
  • the build-up of coverings from, for example, fine materials or used in papermaking Chemicals can be prevented, or such deposits be removed.
  • a lower spray pressure spray tube be. It is in the web running direction after the additional spray tube preferably at least one cleaning roller with an associated scraper and / or at least one foil which effects a contactless cleaning intended.
  • the downstream second spray pipe smaller The belt can be jetted across the entire machine width be sprayed, which in interaction with a contactless Cleaning foil or a cleaning roller Scraper, especially lightly adhering dirt, is removed.
  • Paper machine is behind the transfer belt in the direction of web travel the tapping point is guided over a deflecting roller, the jet cleaning device in front and the additional spray pipe with downstream Cleaning roller and scraper and / or downstream foil behind the Deflection roller are arranged.
  • the deflection roller can be assigned a scraper around the material web scrape off the belt with the gap open. During normal operation this scraper is not in engagement with the paper machine the deflection roller.
  • At least the jet cleaning device and / or the additional one A spraying device can be assigned to a heating device.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the paper machine according to the invention is characterized by the fact that an endless transfer medium It is provided that the transfer belt is provided at the delivery point Press nip between the take-off roller and at least one counter element is formed and that the at least substantially concave Trough in the surface of the transfer belt facing the material web by pressing the take-off roller into the Transfer ribbon material resulting in one-sided deformation of a corresponding one Transfer ribbon having thickness and flexibility is produced.
  • the acceptance pressure is replaced by a corresponding one Pressing the take-off roller and / or a corresponding pressing of the pressing means or counter element.
  • the concave trough will however no longer specified by this counter element, but now by pressing the take-off roller into the Transfer ribbon material resulting in one-sided deformation of the transfer ribbon generated, which has a corresponding thickness and flexibility.
  • the transfer belt can for example again by a press belt and in particular a press jacket.
  • the counter element preferably has a support surface facing the press jacket, the radius of curvature at least substantially equal to the inside radius of the Press sleeve is.
  • the radius of curvature of the support surface can thus in particular also larger than the radius of curvature of the concave trough be determined by the outer diameter of the take-off roller.
  • the transfer belt can, for example, be made of a material with a hardness exist in the range of about 90 Shore A.
  • the transfer belt has a thickness greater than or equal to about 3 mm, and preferably is in a range from about 4 mm to about 5 mm.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that in the range the removal point the surface of the material facing the Transfer means to form an at least substantially concave Trough is deflected and that in the area of this deflection Material web and the decreasing band are pressed against each other, thereby the removal of the material web from the transfer medium surface to support.
  • a transfer agent can, for example, be at least essentially again waterproof transfer tape can be used.
  • the surface the transfer agent can, for example, at least essentially smooth, with a functional roughness and / or at least in be essentially closed.
  • the web acceptance according to the invention is, for example, in the area or following the last press nip of a press section of a relevant one Paper machine conceivable. You can in particular through a dryer fabric a dryer section.
  • Figure 1 shows the press section in a simplified schematic representation and part of the dryer section of a paper machine for production a material web 10, which is a paper or cardboard web can act.
  • the web of material 10 is removed from a screen belt 14 by a felt 12 and through the felt 12 a first press nip S1 of the press section fed between a shoe press roll 16 lying below and a suction roll 18 arranged above it is formed.
  • a first press nip S1 of the press section fed between a shoe press roll 16 lying below and a suction roll 18 arranged above it is formed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a further felt 20 around the shoe press roll 16 out, so that there is a double felted press nip S1.
  • the material web 10 is passed through a second press nip S2, formed between the suction roll 18 and a further press roll 22 is around which an endless press belt 24 is guided.
  • the material web 10 comes to a third press nip S3, between the press roll 22 and one above arranged further shoe press roll 26 is formed.
  • Shoe press roller 26 is in turn guided by a felt 28.
  • the endless press belt 24 guided around the press roll 22 serves at the same time as a transfer means through which the material web 10 to be produced is subsequently connected at the last press nip S3 of the press section to a take-off point 30 is transferred, in the area of which an at least essentially open-air permeable tape, in the present case Fall a dryer fabric 32 of the dryer section, over a take-off roller 34 is guided and the material web 10 from the surface of the press belt 24 decreases.
  • the take-off roller 24 formed by a suction roll.
  • a such a transfer belt can in particular by at least essentially waterproof transfer belt be formed.
  • the surface the transfer agent can e.g. at least essentially smooth, with a provided functional roughness and / or at least essentially be closed.
  • the press belt 24 can in particular be at least substantially impermeable to water.
  • the surface this press belt 24 can in particular be smooth and / or closed.
  • the material web 10 is subsequently connected to the take-off point 30 through the drying wire 32 the first Drying cylinder 41 supplied to the dryer section.
  • the press belt 24 serving as a transfer belt is thus in the area of the the tapping point 30 provided press nip 36 with the formation of deflected concave trough 38 into the interior of the belt loop, it additionally by provided in the area of the press nip 36 within the belt loop arranged special pressing against the take-off roller 34 is pressed.
  • the pressure means are through a soft press roll 44 made of elastic material is formed, the surface of which is pressed against the take-off roller 34 concavely deformed. This results in a material web 10 facing concave curved contact surface, which is complementary to the cylindrical Surface of the take-off roller 34 is.
  • the press roller 44 can, for example, be an elastic material Be a full roller.
  • the suction zone 40 of the take-off roller 34 designed as a suction roller extends in the web running direction L over that formed at the take-off point 30 Press nip 36 addition.
  • These cleaning agents comprise a jet cleaning device 42 which between the take-off point 30 and a deflection roller 45 outside the Loop of the press belt 24 is arranged
  • the Jet cleaning device 42 a rotating nozzle for generating a rotating on the outside of the endless press belt 24 Water jet.
  • This jet cleaning device 42 can also be used as a traversing device Cleaning device be formed.
  • Spray tube 46 is provided, on which a cleaning roller 48 with an associated Scraper 50 follows.
  • the spray tube 46 can also Foil downstream.
  • At least the jet cleaning device 42 and / or the additional spray tube 46 can also be assigned a heating device.
  • a collecting container 53 is also provided in the area of the cleaning roller 48 and the spray tube 46.
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic partial representation of another Embodiment of the paper machine in which the serving as a transfer means endless press belt 24 by a press shoe 54 against the take-off roller 34 is pressed.
  • this press shoe 54 has a concave contact surface facing the material web 10, which are at least essentially complementary to that cylindrical surface of the take-off roller 34.
  • the press belt 24 is a Deflection roller 56 out.
  • the press shoe 54 can be distributed over the machine width by several Pressure elements be pressed against the take-off roller 34, this Pressure elements can be acted upon at least partially independently of one another could be.
  • the contact surface of the press shoe 54 can be hydrodynamic and / or hydrostatic be lubricated.
  • Figure 3 is in the web running direction L before the press shoe 54, a spray tube arranged inside the belt loop 58 provided to the inside of the press cover 24 with the corresponding To apply liquid.
  • the press belt 24 can be wear-resistant and / or a friction-reducing layer.
  • this embodiment has the same structure as that of Figure 1. So in this case, the material web 10 is following the take-off point 30 through the drying wire 32 to the first drying cylinder 41 fed to the dryer section.
  • Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the paper machine.
  • the case is the press belt through the press jacket 60 of a shoe press roll 62 educated.
  • the provided in the area of the take-off point 30, within of the press jacket 60 arranged pressing means again include one Press shoe 64.
  • This press shoe 64 also has one of the material web 10 facing concave contact surface, which is at least essentially complementary to the cylindrical surface of the take-off roller 34.
  • the press shoe 64 can again by several across the machine width distributed pressure elements can be pressed against the take-off roller 34, these contact elements at least partially independent again can be acted upon by each other.
  • the contact surface of the press shoe 64 is again lubricated hydrodynamically and / or hydrostatically.
  • the last press nip S3 of the press section is through the shoe press roller 62 and an overhead, wrapped in felt 28 Press roll 66 formed with a rigid roll shell.
  • the press jacket 60 of the shoe press roller 62 is against the by a press shoe 68 press roller 66 pressed above.
  • the shoe press roll 62 forms the second with the suction roll 18 Press gap S2 of the press section.
  • the press jacket 60 of the shoe press roll 62 by a press shoe 70 pressed with a convex contact surface against the suction roller 18 or opposite this supported.
  • a jet cleaning device 42 and a spray tube 46 are provided.
  • the spray tube 46 is followed by a foil 72.
  • a collecting container 53 is again provided in the area of the foil 72.
  • this embodiment has the same structure as that of Figure 1, corresponding parts with the same reference numerals are provided.
  • FIG. 5 shows the section labeled “A” in FIG. 4 of another Embodiment of the paper machine.
  • the press roll 66 located above, as well as press roll 62 as a shoe press roll formed with a flexible, water-tight press jacket.
  • the press sleeves become these Shoe press rolls 62, 66 through opposing press shoes 68, 74 pressed against each other.
  • the top Press roll 62 is also the top Press roll 62 to detect wrapping felt 28. Otherwise has this Embodiment the same structure as Figure 4, with each other corresponding parts are again provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the Material web 10 is thus in the present case from the last Press nip S3 of the press section through the press jacket 60 of the shoe press roll 62 transferred to the take-off point, at which through the press nip 36 (compare Figures 1 and 4) supported takeover by a dryer fabric the dryer section takes place.
  • FIG. 5 shows another in a simplified schematic partial representation Embodiment of a paper machine.
  • the transfer belt again through a press jacket 60 and at the take-off point 30 provided press nip 36 again between a take-off roller 36, namely a suction roll, and a counter element 76.
  • the concave trough 38 is, however, different from, for example, that of 4 no longer by the counter element 64 or 76, but by pressing in the take-off roller 34 one-sided deformation of the resulting in the transfer ribbon material Generated transfer belt 60, which has a corresponding thickness d and Owns flexibility.
  • the support surface facing the press jacket 60 has 80 of the counter element 76 has a radius of curvature r, which at least is substantially equal to the inner radius R of the press cover 60.
  • Radius of curvature r of this support surface 80 is thus greater than the radius of curvature the concave trough 38, which is due solely to the outside diameter the take-off roller 34 is determined.
  • the press jacket 60 can, for example, be made of a material with a Hardness in the range of about 90 Shore A.
  • the press belt 60 has a thickness d, which is greater than or equal to 3 mm and preferably in a range from about 4 mm to about 5 mm.
  • the removal pressure can be achieved by pressing the removal roller accordingly 34 and / or by pressing the counter element accordingly 76 be generated.
  • the press jacket 60 in the area behind the press nip 36 a scraper 82 assigned to the Scrape off the material web 10 from the press belt 60 with the gap open. While this scraper 82 is against the normal operation of the paper machine not in engagement with the press jacket 60.
  • this embodiment can be the same again, for example Have the same structure as the previously described embodiments, parts which correspond to one another are provided with the same reference symbols are.

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EP98117848A 1997-10-07 1998-09-21 Machine à papier et procédé de fabrication d'une bande de papier Withdrawn EP0908556A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19744341 1997-10-07
DE19744341A DE19744341A1 (de) 1997-10-07 1997-10-07 Papiermaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0908556A2 true EP0908556A2 (fr) 1999-04-14
EP0908556A3 EP0908556A3 (fr) 1999-08-04

Family

ID=7844886

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98117848A Withdrawn EP0908556A3 (fr) 1997-10-07 1998-09-21 Machine à papier et procédé de fabrication d'une bande de papier

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US6197159B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0908556A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19744341A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1279765A1 (fr) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-29 Voith Paper Patent GmbH Procédé pour transferer une bande fibreuse et machine pour la fabrication d'une bande fibreuse
EP1422339A1 (fr) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-26 Voith Paper Patent GmbH Arrangement de transfert d'une bande fibreuse
EP1739228A1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-03 Voith Patent GmbH Machine pour fabriquer une bande fibreuse
EP1770204A2 (fr) * 2005-10-01 2007-04-04 Voith Patent GmbH Dispositif de pressage
EP1783269A2 (fr) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-09 Voith Patent GmbH Dispositif de pressage compact
EP1918450A1 (fr) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-07 Voith Patent GmbH Dispositif de nettoyage
DE102018119381A1 (de) * 2018-08-09 2020-02-13 Voith Patent Gmbh Pressanordnung

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DE10021320A1 (de) 2000-05-02 2001-11-08 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Doppelsiebformer
EP1158092B1 (fr) * 2000-05-24 2006-09-06 Voith Paper Patent GmbH Section de séchage
DE20013887U1 (de) * 2000-08-11 2000-10-26 Voith Sulzer Papiertechnik Patent GmbH, 89522 Heidenheim Konditionier- und/oder Reinigungsvorrichtung
US7300551B2 (en) 2004-03-03 2007-11-27 Nalco Company Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
DE102005000046A1 (de) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Maschine zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn
DE202005012994U1 (de) * 2005-08-05 2005-11-03 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Entwässerung einer Faserstoffbahn
DE102005039300A1 (de) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Pressenanordnung
FI20065198A (fi) 2006-03-27 2007-09-28 Metso Paper Inc Laitteisto ja menetelmä kudoksen kunnostamiseksi rainanmuodostuskoneessa
FI128994B (fi) * 2017-02-28 2021-04-30 Valmet Technologies Oy Rainanmuodostuskoneen puristinosa
AT520319B1 (de) * 2018-03-01 2019-03-15 Andritz Ag Maschf Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln einer faserstoffbahn in einer langnip-presseinheit

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DE4116221A1 (de) * 1991-05-17 1992-11-19 Voith Gmbh J M Bahnabnahme-vorrichtung
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1279765A1 (fr) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-29 Voith Paper Patent GmbH Procédé pour transferer une bande fibreuse et machine pour la fabrication d'une bande fibreuse
EP1422339A1 (fr) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-26 Voith Paper Patent GmbH Arrangement de transfert d'une bande fibreuse
EP1739228A1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-03 Voith Patent GmbH Machine pour fabriquer une bande fibreuse
EP1770204A2 (fr) * 2005-10-01 2007-04-04 Voith Patent GmbH Dispositif de pressage
EP1770204A3 (fr) * 2005-10-01 2008-01-23 Voith Patent GmbH Dispositif de pressage
EP1783269A2 (fr) * 2005-11-07 2007-05-09 Voith Patent GmbH Dispositif de pressage compact
EP1783269A3 (fr) * 2005-11-07 2007-07-11 Voith Patent GmbH Dispositif de pressage compact
EP1918450A1 (fr) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-07 Voith Patent GmbH Dispositif de nettoyage
DE102018119381A1 (de) * 2018-08-09 2020-02-13 Voith Patent Gmbh Pressanordnung

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Publication number Publication date
DE19744341A1 (de) 1999-04-15
EP0908556A3 (fr) 1999-08-04
US6197159B1 (en) 2001-03-06

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