EP0904518B1 - Verfahren zum anfahren einer anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft - Google Patents
Verfahren zum anfahren einer anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0904518B1 EP0904518B1 EP97921813A EP97921813A EP0904518B1 EP 0904518 B1 EP0904518 B1 EP 0904518B1 EP 97921813 A EP97921813 A EP 97921813A EP 97921813 A EP97921813 A EP 97921813A EP 0904518 B1 EP0904518 B1 EP 0904518B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- distillation column
- column
- process according
- installation
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 25
- CPBQJMYROZQQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium neon Chemical compound [He].[Ne] CPBQJMYROZQQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
- F25J3/04478—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for controlling purposes, e.g. start-up or back-up procedures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/0443—A main column system not otherwise provided, e.g. a modified double column flowsheet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
- F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
- F25J2200/54—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column in the low pressure column of a double pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/90—Details relating to column internals, e.g. structured packing, gas or liquid distribution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/42—Nitrogen or special cases, e.g. multiple or low purity N2
- F25J2215/44—Ultra high purity nitrogen, i.e. generally less than 1 ppb impurities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
- F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/10—Control for or during start-up and cooling down of the installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for starting up a plant for the low-temperature separation of a gas mixture, in particular air, which has at least one distillation column in which a more volatile fraction, in particular nitrogen, is produced and at least one source for cryogenic liquid, the method at least temporarily cryogenic liquid from this source is introduced into an upper region of the distillation column, this introduction of liquid starting at a time t 0 .
- the process was developed as part of the production of nitrogen from air; however, the invention is also applicable to any other method for separation by distillation of a gas mixture at a temperature below the ambient temperature applicable. It mainly relates to restarting a system a business interruption, especially in the event that the pillar is still open low temperature, but is also due to the start of a warm system applicable.
- the invention has for its object a particularly economical working Method and a corresponding device to specify a particular enable favorable start-up, in particular high purity in the more volatile product when restarting after business interruptions.
- This object is achieved in that no air or essentially no air is introduced into the distillation column between the time t 0 and a later time t 1 > t 0 .
- the air feed is opened, preferably carefully, that is, the amount of air fed in is regulated and slowly increased from zero to the normal value. It preferably rises strictly monotonously until it has reached this normal value.
- the time t 1 can either be predetermined or determined by the fact that the liquid falling into the column has reached a certain lower column section, for example the sump, or that the liquid level in the sump of the column has reached a certain minimum height. In practice, it is sufficient if a reasonable time interval t 1 - t 0 (for example 3 to 10 minutes) is determined when the column is started up and this is used for later cases when the system is started up.
- the Mass transfer elements in the column (floors, packing and / or ordered Packs) at least partially wetted and, if necessary, liquid distributors replenished.
- the air is later admitted to the distillation column rectification in the entire column or in most of it immediately insert, and the more volatile fraction, which is obtained in the upper part of the column has the desired product purity.
- the pressure in the distillation column is, for example, 3 to 15 bar, preferably 6 up to 9 bar.
- the distillation column is designed for a nominal product quantity of the more volatile fraction. In the process, between the time t 0 and a later time t 1 > t 0 cryogenic liquid can be introduced into the distillation column in an amount which is less than the nominal product amount of the more volatile fraction.
- the amount of liquid initially fed in is, for example, less than the nominal product amount. It can also be greater than or equal to the nominal product quantity, if this accelerates the wetting of the mass transfer elements.
- the amount of liquid added preferably remains constant in the time interval from t 0 to t 1 and is subsequently reduced, for example to zero.
- the column is therefore driven in particular even after the start of the air supply (time t 1 ) with total or almost total return, i.e. at least 90 mol% of the rising steam is condensed at the top of the column and at most 10 mol%, preferably at most 5 mol %, most preferably a maximum of 1 mol% of the vapor rising in the column as a volatile fraction.
- the corresponding product line remains completely closed until time t 2 (for example 4 to 15 minutes after the start time t 0 ).
- the time t 2 can be, for example, only about 3 to 20 minutes after the start time t 0 .
- the amount of air supplied reaches its normal value; the removal of the more volatile fraction is increased to the nominal product quantity up to a time t 4 ⁇ t 3 .
- the times t 3 and t 4 are, for example, 12 to 25 minutes after the start time t 0 .
- the invention equally relates to single methods Distillation column and those with other columns. Often contains the volatile fraction from the top of the distillation column Very low boiling point contaminants. in the case of nitrogen, this can Helium, neon and / or hydrogen. That is why it is particularly high Purity requirements favorable if the more volatile fraction in the stationary Operation is initiated in a pure column, the pure column being a high purity product is removed.
- the removal point of the high-purity product is preferably located below the introduction of the more volatile fraction. In such a process prevents the start-up method according to the invention in particular that the clean column due to less volatile components (in the case of nitrogen extraction: oxygen) is contaminated.
- the upper region of the distillation column and the lower region of the are preferably Pure column via a condenser-evaporator in a heat-exchanging connection.
- Such a double column is known per se from DE 4432137 A1.
- the source of cryogenic liquid can be formed by a reservoir that is formed by is filled outside the system.
- This reservoir can, for example, as Liquid tank to be formed, from which also in excess of the nominal product quantity additional requirements or in the event of an interruption to the plant Liquid is removed and counteracted in an external evaporator, for example Ambient air is evaporated.
- the source of cryogenic liquid can be through a reservoir be formed, which is filled by a fluid obtained within the system. The amount of liquid consumed during start-up is then in the stationary Operation again generated and introduced into the reservoir.
- the system has a pure column, it is particularly advantageous if that Reservoir is filled with a liquid from the pure column. This is in particular the bottom liquid of the pure column is suitable.
- the bottom of the pure column can itself as Act as reservoir for the cryogenic liquid.
- the reservoir is preferably through the evaporation space of the condenser-evaporator educated.
- the condenser-evaporator can be in the bottom of the Pure column (see DE 4432137 A1) or be arranged outside the pure column. in the In the first case, the evaporation space is identical to the bottom of the column, in the second In this case, it is formed by its own container.
- a liquid fraction from an external Source is introduced into the distillation column, as is known from DE 2417766 A is known.
- all or substantially all Cold process requirements are covered by liquid feed, none of which Process streams is relaxed while working and the system does not generate any refrigeration Has relaxation machine (for example turbine).
- you can this liquid fraction and the cryogenic liquid that is used when starting. be identical, i.e. come from the same reservoir.
- One of these two reservoirs, or preferably a third can be used for emergency supply or for additional production through external evaporation be used.
- External evaporation can, for example, by indirect Heat exchange with atmospheric air or water or with any other known method.
- the regulation of the amount introduced to compensate for cold losses liquid fraction preferably takes place depending on the liquid level in the Bottom of the distillation column. In principle, the regulation is also dependent on other liquid levels in the system possible.
- the method has at least a first and a second source of cryogenic liquid, cryogenic liquid from both sources being introduced into the distillation column at least at times, and the liquid from the second source from at least one theoretical base below the liquid the first source is fed.
- the feeding of both liquids preferably begins approximately simultaneously, namely at time t 0 .
- the simultaneous feeding of liquid at several points enables wetting of the mass transfer elements to be carried out more quickly; the air supply (time t 1 ) can start earlier, the starting process is further shortened.
- This effect can be further enhanced by feeding liquid at three or more points on the column, for example in a packed column at each liquid distributor.
- the different feeds can be carried out, for example, at the top and at two thirds of the column height (from below), at the top of the column and at half the column height or - in the case of three sources - at the top, at two thirds and at a third of the column height .
- the feed quantities depend in each case on the number of theoretical plates located between the feed point and the feed point underneath or the column bottom;
- the main criterion is the adequate wetting of the mass transfer elements that can be achieved as quickly as possible.
- Wetting of the mass transfer elements can also be achieved if the two liquids applied in different places are the same Have composition; preferably have the liquids from the two However, sources differ in composition, particularly close to the equilibrium concentration in the distillation column in stationary operation liquid flowing down at the respective feed point. In this way can make a certain adjustment to the Concentration curve during the stationary operation of the distillation column be made. The starting process is further shortened.
- the invention also relates to a plant for the low-temperature separation of air according to claims 15 to 17.
- Atmospheric air is drawn in at 1, in the air compressor 2 to a pressure of over 3 bar, preferably 6.5 to 9.5 bar compressed and in one or more Cleaning stages 3, 4 of water, carbon dioxide and possibly of Free carbon monoxide and / or hydrogen by indirect heat exchange 5 cooled and via line 6 into a distillation column 7 operated as a pressure column fed.
- the top gas 8 from the distillation column 7 is partly (9) in Condenser-evaporator 11 at least partially liquefied, the condensate 12 is given as a return to the distillation column 7 and not condensed Shares, mainly helium and neon, with a purge stream via line 13 subtracted from.
- the gas in line 13 can for example be discarded or with a residual gas fraction are mixed. It is preferably continuously fed into the Pure column 14 described below passed by line 13 includes a valve and after this valve opens into line 10 downstream of the Dross valve there (in the drawing not shown).
- the part of the top gas which is not introduced into the condenser-evaporator 11 Distillation column is removed as volatile fraction 10 and over a Throttle valve fed into a pure column (helium-neon discharge column) 14.
- the Feed point is at the middle level of the pure column 14, in the lower Area of high purity nitrogen.
- This high purity product is preferably in Vapor form taken directly above the bottom of the pure column (line 15).
- the pure product nitrogen is used in 5 against air to be broken down to about Ambient temperature warmed up and drawn off via the product line 20.
- the bottom of the helium-neon discharge column 14 is through the condenser-evaporator 11 heated, which also serves to form a return for the pressure column 7.
- the head capacitor 16 of the helium-neon discharge column becomes more relaxed Bottom liquid 17 operated from the pressure column 7.
- the against the condensing Head fraction of the helium-neon discharge column evaporated fraction is piped 19 deducted.
- the residual gas 19 can, optionally together with an or several flushing streams, warmed against air to be separated and then for example as a regeneration gas in one or more purification stages 3, 4 be used. Parts not liquefied in the top condenser 16, in particular Helium and neon, possibly also hydrogen, leave the plant with the Purge stream 18.
- a liquid fraction 24 for example Liquid nitrogen of ordinary purity
- This liquid is supplied from outside the system and stored in a liquid tank.
- This liquid tank is preferably independent of an emergency supply tank, its content to cover additional product needs or for emergency care in the Can be vaporized externally in the event of a business interruption.
- the feed 24 preferably occurs at an intermediate point, that is, at least one theoretical floor below the head of the column.
- the amount of imported here Liquid is, for example, a liquid level controller in the sump Distillation column 7 or depending on the liquid level in one of the Capacitors 11 or 16 set.
- the product line 20 can alternatively or additionally externally via line 21 evaporated product fed from the emergency supply tank, not shown become.
- To supply liquid from the emergency supply tank to start up the system can use a line from the emergency supply tank to the upper area of the Distillation column 7 may be provided.
- the emergency supply tank can be removed from the system and / or filled from an external source. In the latter case it is Emergency supply system independent of the operation of the columns.
- the two columns 7 and 14 can be arranged inside a vacuum insulation be, which also encloses a liquid tank, preferably the one in which the liquid fraction is stored, which is fed at 24. Details of this Arrangement can be found in EP 538857 A1.
- the valve 23 When restarting after the interruption of operation, the valve 23 is partially or completely opened at the start time t 0 , while the air feed line 6 remains closed.
- the liquid from the bottom of the pure column 14 flows via line 22 into the top of the distillation column 7.
- the mass transfer elements trays, packing and / or ordered packing
- the liquid distributors in the column 7 are gradually wetted or filled.
- the line 6 is opened and air flows into the distillation column 7 in a quantity which slowly increases to the stationary value.
- the gas introduced is partially or preferably completely condensed in the condenser-evaporator 11, as a result of which additional return liquid is produced.
- the valve 23 is slowly closed, so that the amount of liquid flowing over 22 slowly decreases until it has dropped to zero at a time t 2 .
- the liquid supply above 22 may remain open at most as long as the pressure at the top of the distillation column 7 is lower than the pressure in the bottom of the pure column 14 plus the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid. Otherwise, overhead gas would be pressed from the distillation column 7 into the pure column 14 via line 22 and contaminate it with oxygen. This can be ensured either by monitoring the corresponding pressure difference or by specifying a fixed point in time t 2 based on previously determined empirical values.
- the entire process of restarting is preferably carried out automatically.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- Verfahren zum Anfahren einer Anlage zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung eines Gasgemischs, insbesondere von Luft, die mindestens eine Destilliersäule (7), in der eine leichterflüchtige Fraktion (10), insbesondere Stickstoff, erzeugt wird, und mindestens eine Quelle für tiefkalte Flüssigkeit aufweist, wobei bei dem Verfahren mindestens zeitweise tiefkalte Flüssigkeit (22) aus dieser Quelle in einen oberen Bereich der Destilliersäule (7) eingeführt wird, wobei diese Flüssigkeitseinführung zu einem Zeitpunkt t0 beginnt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Zeitpunkt t0 und einem späteren Zeitpunkt t1 > t0 kein oder im wesentlichen kein Gasgemisch (6) in die Destilliersäule (7) eingeleitet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Destilliersäule (7) für eine Nennproduktmenge der leichterflüchtigen Fraktion (10) ausgelegt ist und daß zwischen dem Zeitpunkt t0 und einem späteren Zeitpunkt t1 > t0 tiefkalte Flüssigkeit (22) in einer Menge in die Destilliersäule eingeführt wird, die geringer als die Nennproduktmenge der leichterflüchtigen Fraktion (10) ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Zeitpunkt t0 und einem noch späteren Zeitpunkt t2 > t1 keine oder im wesentlichen keine leichterflüchtige Fraktion (10) aus der Destilliersäule (7) entnommen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die leichterflüchtige Fraktion (10) in eine Reinsäule (14) eingeleitet wird, wobei der Reinsäule (14) ein Hochreinprodukt (15) entnommen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obere Bereich der Destilliersäule (7) und der untere Bereich der Reinsäule (14) über einen Kondensator-Verdampfer (11) in wärmetauschender Verbindung stehen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quelle für tiefkalte Flüssigkeit durch ein Reservoir gebildet wird, das von außerhalb der Anlage befüllt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quelle für tiefkalte Flüssigkeit durch ein Reservoir gebildet wird, das durch ein innerhalb der Anlage gewonnenes Fluid befüllt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 und nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Reservoir durch eine Flüssigkeit aus der Reinsäule (14) befüllt wird.
- Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Reservoir durch den Verdampfungsraum des Kondensator-Verdampfers (11) gebildet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des stationären Betriebs der Anlage zum Ausgleich von Kälteverlusten eine flüssige Fraktion (24) aus einer äußeren Quelle in die Destilliersäule (7) eingeleitet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Menge der in die Destilliersäule (7) eingespeisten flüssigen Fraktion (24) in Abhängigkeit vom Flüssigkeitsstand im Sumpf der Destilliersäule (7) eingestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine erste und eine zweite Quelle für tiefkalte Flüssigkeit, wobei mindestens zeitweise tiefkalte Flüssigkeit aus beiden Quellen gleichzeitig in die Destilliersäule (7) eingeführt wird, und die Flüssigkeit (24) aus der zweiten Quelle mindestens einen theoretischen Boden unterhalb der Flüssigkeit (22) aus der ersten Quelle eingespeist wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flüssigkeiten aus den beiden Quellen eine unterschiedliche Zusammensetzung aufweisen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zusammensetzungen der beiden Flüssigkeiten nahe bei der Gleichgewichtskonzentration der in der Destilliersäule (7) im stationären Betrieb herabfließenden Flüssigkeit an der jeweiligen Einspeisestelle liegen.
- Anlage zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung eines Gasgemischs, insbesondere von Luft, mit mindestens einer Destilliersäule (7) zur Erzeugung einer leichterflüchtigen Fraktion (10), insbesondere von Stickstoff, mit einer Zuspeisungsleitung (1, 6), die in den unteren Bereich der Destilliersäule (7) führt, mit einer Flüssigkeitsleitung (22), die in den oberen Bereich der Destilliersäule (7) führt, und mit Steuerungsmitteln, die so ausgebildet sind, daß beim Beginn des Anfahrens der Anlage die Flüssigkeitsleitung (22) geöffnet und die Zuspeisungsleitung (1, 6) vollständig oder im wesentlichen vollständig geschlossen ist.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 15 mit einer Gasleitung (10), die vom oberen Bereich der Destilliersäule (7) in eine Reinsäule (14) führt und ein Drosselventil aufweist, mit einer Reinproduktleitung (15), die mit dem unteren Bereich der Reinsäule (14) verbunden ist, und mit einer absperrbaren (23) Flüssigkeitsleitung (22), über die eine Strömungsverbindung zwischen dem unteren Bereich der Reinsäule (14) und dem oberen Bereich der ersten Destilliersäule (7) herstellbar ist.
- Anlage nach Anspruch 15 mit einer Gasleitung (10), die vom oberen Bereich der ersten Destilliersäule (7) in eine Reinsäule führt (14) und ein Drosselventil aufweist, mit einer Reinproduktleitung (15), die mit dem unteren Bereich der Reinsäule (14) verbunden ist, mit einem Kondensator-Verdampfer (11), dessen Verdampfungsraum flüssigkeits- und gasseitig mit dem unteren Bereich der Reinsäule (14) in Strömungsverbindung steht, und mit einer absperrbaren (23) Flüssigkeitsleitung (22), über die eine Strömungsverbindung zwischen dem Verdampfungsraum des Kondensator-Verdampfers (11) und dem oberen Bereich der ersten Destilliersäule (7) herstellbar ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19617377 | 1996-04-30 | ||
| DE19617377A DE19617377A1 (de) | 1996-04-30 | 1996-04-30 | Verfahren zum Wiederanfahren einer Anlage zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft und Anlage zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| PCT/EP1997/002188 WO1997041400A1 (de) | 1996-04-30 | 1997-04-28 | Verfahren zum anfahren einer anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0904518A1 EP0904518A1 (de) | 1999-03-31 |
| EP0904518B1 true EP0904518B1 (de) | 2001-12-19 |
Family
ID=7792953
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97921813A Expired - Lifetime EP0904518B1 (de) | 1996-04-30 | 1997-04-28 | Verfahren zum anfahren einer anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0904518B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19617377A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2170951T3 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT904518E (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1997041400A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2774752B1 (fr) * | 1998-02-06 | 2000-06-16 | Air Liquide | Installation de distillation d'air et boite froide correspondante |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1463075A (en) * | 1973-04-13 | 1977-02-02 | Cryoplants Ltd | Air separation |
| DE3732363A1 (de) * | 1987-09-25 | 1989-04-06 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum wiederanfahren einer gaszerlegungsanlage |
| FR2660741A1 (fr) * | 1990-04-10 | 1991-10-11 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de production d'azote gazeux, et systeme de fourniture d'azote correspondant. |
-
1996
- 1996-04-30 DE DE19617377A patent/DE19617377A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-04-28 EP EP97921813A patent/EP0904518B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-28 ES ES97921813T patent/ES2170951T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-28 DE DE59705898T patent/DE59705898D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-28 WO PCT/EP1997/002188 patent/WO1997041400A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1997-04-28 PT PT97921813T patent/PT904518E/pt unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19617377A1 (de) | 1997-11-06 |
| PT904518E (pt) | 2002-05-31 |
| DE59705898D1 (de) | 2002-01-31 |
| WO1997041400A1 (de) | 1997-11-06 |
| ES2170951T3 (es) | 2002-08-16 |
| EP0904518A1 (de) | 1999-03-31 |
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