EP0890192A1 - Composition electrolytique a base de polymeres pour generateur electrochimique - Google Patents
Composition electrolytique a base de polymeres pour generateur electrochimiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP0890192A1 EP0890192A1 EP98900830A EP98900830A EP0890192A1 EP 0890192 A1 EP0890192 A1 EP 0890192A1 EP 98900830 A EP98900830 A EP 98900830A EP 98900830 A EP98900830 A EP 98900830A EP 0890192 A1 EP0890192 A1 EP 0890192A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- electrode
- polyether
- separator
- electrolytic composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrolytic compositions based on polymers for electrochemical generators. More specifically, the invention relates to aprotic electrolytic compositions characterized in that they consist of at least one alkaline salt and of a polymer matrix consisting of a polyether and at least one other polymer matrix, separated macroscopically, swollen with at least one polar aprotic organic solvent, the said solvent or mixture of solvents being distributed unevenly between the matrices.
- Electroclimatic batteries or generators whether rechargeable or not, all consist of an anode which may consist of a metal such as lithium or a reversible insertion compound of lithium such as carbon, a cathode which it consists of a reversible insertion compound with hthium such as cobalt oxide, a mechanical separator placed between the electrodes and an electrolytic component.
- electrolytic component means any material included in the generator used for ion transport, with the exception of electrode materials in which the Li ions can move, both at the level of the separator and in at least one composite electrode.
- the electrolytic component ensures the transport of the ionic species through the whole generator either from one electrode to the other and inside the composite electrodes.
- the electrolytic component usually takes the form of a liquid that we call liquid electrolyte or a dry or gelled polymer matrix which can also play the role of mechanical separator.
- the electrolytic component When the electrolytic component is in a liquid form, it consists of an alkaline salt dissolved in an aprotic solvent.
- an aprotic solvent In the case of a lithium generator, the most common salts are LiPF ⁇ , L1BF4 and LiN (S ⁇ 2CF3) 2 and the polar aprotic solvents can be chosen from propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone and 1,3-dioxolane or their analogs to name a few.
- the liquid electrolyte is generally impregnated in a porous polymer matrix inert to the aprotic solvent used or in a glass fiber paper.
- the electrolytic component When the electrolytic component is in the form of a dry polymer matrix, it consists of a homo or copolymer of high molecular weight crosslinkable or not comprising a heteroatom in its repeating unit such as oxygen or nitrogen for example, in which an alkaline salt such as LiN (SO2CF3) 2, LiS ⁇ 3CF3 and LiCl ⁇ 4 is dissolved.
- an alkaline salt such as LiN (SO2CF3) 2, LiS ⁇ 3CF3 and LiCl ⁇ 4 is dissolved.
- Polyoxyethylene is a good example of a polymer matrix capable of solvating different alkaline salts.
- Armand, in US Patent No. 4,303,748 describes families of polymers which can be used as an electrolytic component in lithium batteries. More elaborate families of polymers (copolymers and terpolymers crosslinkable or not) are described in US Pat. Nos. 4,578,326, US No.
- a crosslinkable polymer allows the use of a polymer of lower molar mass, which facilitates the implementation both for the separator and for the composite and also makes it possible to increase the mechanical properties of the separator and by the very fact of increasing its resistance to the growth of dendrites when using a metal hthium anode.
- the solid polymer electrolyte cannot leak or evaporate from the generator.
- Their drawback lies in the lower ion mobility obtained in these solid electrolytes which constrains their use at temperatures between 60 and 100 ° C.
- the gel electrolytic component generally consists of a polymer matrix solvating or not for the hthium salts in which is impregnated an aprotic solvent and an alkaline salt.
- the most common salts are LiPF ⁇ , LiBF4 and LiN (S02CF3) 2 and the polar aprotic solvents can be chosen from propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, bu yrolactones and 1,3-dioxoalane to name a few those there.
- the gels can be obtained from homo or copolymer of high crosslinkable molecular weight or not and from homo or copolymer of low crosslinkable molar mass. In the latter case the dimensional stability of the gel is maintained following the crosslinking of the polymer matrix.
- Polyethers comprising crosslinkable functions such as allyls, acrylates or methacrylates are good examples of polymers which can be used in the formulation of a gel electrolyte, as described in US Pat. No. 4,830,939. This is explained by their capacity to solvate lithium salts and their compatibility with polar aprotic solvents as well as their low cost and their ease of implementation and crosslinking.
- the gel electrolyte has the advantage of being handled as a solid and of not leaking or leaking from the generator as is the case for generators with liquid electrolyte.
- the efficiency of ion transport is related to the proportion of aprotic solvent incorporated in the polymer matrix.
- a gel can reach a conductivity of the order of 10 Scm at 25 ° C. while remaining solid macroscopically.
- the gel electrolyte can serve as a separator between the anode and the cathode while ensuring ionic transport between the electrodes.
- the gel electrolyte serves as a binder for the electrode materials and provides ion transport through the composite electrode (s).
- the loss of mechanical property resulting from the addition of the liquid phase (aprotic solvent) must generally be compensated for by the addition of solid fillers, by the crosslinking of the polymer matrix when possible or in certain cases when the proportion of liquid is too high by the use of a porous mechanical separator impregnated with gel serving as an electrolytic component in the separator.
- Examples of a generator using a gel electrolyte component are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,443,927 and U.S. Patent 4,830,939. Takeda et al. US. Pat. No.
- 5,658,687 claims a battery and the method of manufacturing said battery which comprises an electrolytic component consisting of a very specific, crosslinkable polyether of high molar mass.
- This high molecular weight polyether is obtained from an esterification reaction of a polyoxyethylene glycol in the presence of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, sulfonic acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid and a solvent.
- organic The authors specify that the addition of an organic solvent such as a cyclic carbonic ester for example, which amounts to forming a gel electrolyte, makes it possible to considerably increase the conductivity of the electrolyte.
- the electrolytes thus obtained from said polyether serve both as a separator and in composites, as an electrolytic material and as a binder for the electrode material.
- a second polymer can be added in small proportion to the polyether serving as electrolyte. Generally this second polymer is added in order to considerably increase the mechanical properties of the composite.
- the poor resistance of polyethers to oxidation is, however, an important problem linked to the use of solid electrolytes and gels based on polyether as electrolytic material in a cathode. composite whose recharge voltage can reach and exceed 3.5 to 3.7V. This results in a significant loss of generator capacity resulting from more or less massive degradation of the polyether matrix during successive discharge / charge cycles.
- the present invention relates to a new concept of electrolytic component comprising more than one swellable polymer matrix, with a liquid electrolyte consisting of at least one aprotic solvent and at least one alkaline salt, at different solvent levels and macroscopically separated at inside the generator.
- the differential swelling rate making it possible to locally optimize the conductivity properties, in particular in composite electrodes and the mechanical properties of the polymer membrane acting as a mechanical separator.
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic component for an electochemical generator consisting of at least two polymer matrices containing at least one alkaline salt and at least one polar aprotic organic solvent. Said electrolytic component being defined as the electrolytic material which forms the separator and the electrolytic material of at least one composite electrode.
- the polymer matrices are macroscopically separated there and one of them must necessarily be a polyether localized in whole or in part in the separator of the generator.
- swellable polymer matrix a polymer matrix capable of incorporating a level of aprotic organic solvent so as to form a gel.
- Figure 1 schematically shows generators with double composite electrodes (not limiting) in four embodiments of the invention:
- Figure 2 shows the generator cycling results of Example 1.
- Figure 3 shows the cycling results of the generator of Example 12.
- Figure 1 illustrates schematically embodiments of the invention which take this teaching into account.
- the high swelling rate of the polymer matrix of the composite electrodes can be obtained by using, in the case of an all-polyether system, a non-crosslinkable or slightly crosslinked polyether.
- An alternative way of obtaining a high level of solvent in the composite electrodes consists, inter alia, of using a slightly swollen polymer matrix and of filling the porosity of the composite with a free liquid phase. This embodiment will be preferred for implementing high voltage cathodes> 4V or even for giving a greater power capacity to a cathode of 3V or more such as LiFeP ⁇ 4 or its analogous polyanions.
- these forms of optimization of generators comprising gels can be interpreted by considering that: the number of canonical transport of electrolytes containing lithium salts in polar aprotic medium is not 1 but less. This phenomenon results in gradients in salt concentration which it is sometimes difficult to absorb in the composite electrodes during rapid discharges or charges.
- the present invention tends to reduce the effect of this phenomenon; the transport of alkaline cations is accompanied by the movement of its solvating sphere when using a liquid solvent or a polymer of low molar mass. There is therefore the possibility of depletion or enrichment of the rate of liquid solvent in the composite electrodes.
- the present invention tends to reduce the effect of this phenomenon and optimize the performance of the generator.
- the alkaline salt (s) may be sodium, potassium or other hthium salts such as, for example, the salts based on hthium trifluorosulfonimide described in US Pat. No. 4,505,997, the hthium salts derived from bisperhaloacyl or sulfonylimide crosslinkable or not described in US Patent 4,818,644 and in PCT WO92 / 02966, LiPF ⁇ , L1BF4, LiS03CF3, LiC104, LiSCN, NaSCN, NaC104, KSCN and KCIO4, etc.
- the nature of the salt is not a limitation of the present invention.
- the polar aprotic solvent (s) may be chosen, for example, from propylene carbonates, ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl ethyl carbonate, tetiahydrofuran, 2-methyltetiahydrofuran, 1,3- dioxolane, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, butylene carbonate, sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, ter-butyl ether, 1,2- dimetoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, bis (methoxyethyl) ether, 1,2-ethoxymethoxyethane, terbutylmethylether, glymes and sulfonamides of formula: R1R2N-SO2-NR3R4, in which Ri, R2, R3 and R4 are alkyls comprising between 1 and 6 carbons or / and oxyalkyls comprising between 1
- the active material of the cathode can be chosen from cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, nickel cobalt oxide, nickel oxide cobalt aluminum, manganese oxide (LiMn2 ⁇ 4) or their analogs for so-called 4V cathodes or among cathodes of less than 4V such as phosphates or other polyanions of transition metals such as LiFeP ⁇ 4, Nasicons structures also including V2O5, L1V3O8 and Mn ⁇ 2.
- the nature of the active material is not a limitation of the present invention.
- the active material of the anode can be chosen from lithium metal or a metal alloy based on hthium such as hthium-aluminum or hthium-tin or a carbon or other low-voltage insertion compound capable of inserting hthium .
- the nature of the active material is not a limitation of the present invention.
- Also included among the conductive gels of the invention are gels formed from polymers with little solvation of lithium salts or little intrinsic conductivity in the presence of salts but comprising heteroatoms such as fluorine or polar groups such as nitriles, sulfonates, fluoro methanes, which make them miscible with one or more polar aprotic organic solvents.
- the main poorly solvating polymers can be, by way of nonlimiting example, PVDFs or their copolymers, polyacrylonitriles and polyelectrolytes comprising sulfonate or fluorosulfonate groups or their equivalents.
- the electrolytic component consists of two polymer matrices of different chemical nature swollen at different rates by at least one polar aprotic solvent containing at least one alkaline salt.
- the first polymer matrix which mainly forms the separator consists of a polyether (polymer # 1) in the form of homo or copolymer of high molar mass, crosslinkable or not or else of a homo or copolymer of lower crosslinkable molar mass.
- the matrix can contain at least one crosslinking additive to increase the dimensional stability of the separator formed and above all to help limit the rate of swelling.
- the crosslinking additive is chosen from trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, polyoxyethylene diacrylate, polyoxyethylene dimethacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, glycerol trimethacrylate, pentaerythiol tetraacrylate, glycerol propoxylate triacrylate / glycol propoxylate triacrylate) and di (trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate.
- the matrix may also contain a crosslinking initiator. The crosslinking of the matrix is carried out thermally, by UV irradiation or electron beam (EB).
- the level of aprotic solvent contained in the matrix is determined by the chemical nature of the polyether, its compatibility with the aprotic solvent and its degree of crosslinking. For the separator, a more limited rate of aprotic solvent will be sought, knowing that the diffusion is less limiting there than in the composite electrodes and knowing that the mechanical properties decrease with the increase in the rate of aprotic solvent.
- the second polymer matrix is used mainly in the composite electrode (s) and in certain cases in the part adjacent to the electrodes, in particular near the composite cathode.
- the macroscopic separation of the two polymer matrices is generally located at the interface between the composite electrode (s) and the separator.
- the second polymer matrix consists of a homo or copolymer of high molecular weight crosslinkable or not (polymer # 2) which is not necessarily a polyether and which can be chosen for its resistance to oxidation when included in a cathode said to 4V, such as: L1C0O2, LiMn ⁇ 2 and LiMn2 ⁇ 4.
- the level of aprotic solvent contained in the matrix is determined by the chemical nature of the polymer # 2, its degree of crosslinking and the chemical nature of the aprotic solvent used.
- the polymer # 2 is preferably included in a proportion mass between 5 and 20% of the composite electrode.
- Polymer # 2 serves both as a binder for the active material of the electrode and to isolate the active material from the rest of the electrolytic component. It must also be electiochemically stable against the electrode material in which it is included, the use of a polyether matrix being reserved for electrode materials whose voltage at recharge does not exceed 3.5 to 3.7V.
- the composite can be obtained by way of example by coating in a solvent phase on a current collector a solution in which the electrode material is dispersed and the polymer # 2 is dissolved.
- the electrode can also be obtained from other shaping methods such as extrusion, screen printing, etc.
- introduction of the aprotic solvent and the alkaline salt into the composite electrode is carried out just before it is assembled with the separator or after it has been assembled with the separator or in the form of a half-stack or in the form of a complete generator.
- This procedure for introducing the aprotic solvent and the alkaline salt into the electrode during a step subsequent to that of production of the composite electrode has two advantages.
- the electrode can be prepared and stored under conditions which do not require particular control of the atmosphere and the humidity rate, provided that a drying step is carried out just before their use.
- An intimate and optimum contact is also ensured between the electrode material and the polymer # 2 so as to maximize the coating of the electrode material.
- the coating of the electrode material minimizes direct contact of the latter with the polyether at the interface between the separator and the composite electrode. .
- polymer # 2 The chemical nature of polymer # 2 is chosen so as to form a gel with the polar aprotic solvent.
- the swelling rate should not be too great in order to maintain electrical percolation in the composite electrode or should be fixed during spreading when possible.
- Mixtures of aprotic solvents ethyl methyl carbonate plus ethyl carbonate LiPF6 1 molar with the vinyldiene-co-hexafluoropropene copolymer (PVDF-HFP) and mixture of solvents tettamethylesulfonamide plus ethyl carbonate LiPF6 1 molar with the ethylene propylene diene copolymer (EPDM) are two examples of aprotic solvent polymer pairs as described above.
- the remaining porosity in the composite electrode is subsequently filled with the aprotic organic solvent in which the alkaline salt (s) is dissolved.
- the second embodiment of the electrolytic component is different from embodiment # 1 only by the composition of the matrix forming the separator, in that the polymer matrix of the latter can be formed of an interpenetrating network by the addition of a third crosslinkable polymer, solvating or not, or thus forming a semi-interpenetrating network by the addition of the third polymer.
- the third polymer is not necessarily a polyether and is found in a volume proportion lower than that of polymer # 1.
- polyether in the major part of the generator will be preferred because of its electiochemical and technological advantages as a conductive binder and as a crosslinkable separator.
- Gels formed from non-solvating polymer will mainly be used mainly in composites and especially in the cathode where the resistance to oxidation becomes critical and little limit the use of polyethers alone when the cathodes operate at recharge voltages above 3.5. at 3.7V.
- the electrolytic component is identical to that of realization # 1 except that the remaining porosity in the composite electrode (s) is filled by a polyether matrix swollen with at least one aprotic solvent containing at least one alkaline salt.
- the proportion of aprotic solvent is lower in the polyether of the separator than in the polyether contained in the composite so as to optimize the diffusion of the ions in the composite while minimizing the contact surface between the polyether and the active material of the cathode, in particular for 4V cathodes.
- the electrolytic component consists of two matrices based on polyether swollen at rates different by at least one polar aprotic solvent containing at least one alkaline salt.
- the first polymer matrix (matrix # 1) which forms the separator consists of a polyether in the form of homo or crosslinkable copolymer.
- the matrix may contain at least one crosslinking additive to increase the dimensional stability of the separator formed and to control its rate of swelling.
- the crosslinking additive may be chosen from trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, polyoxyethylene diacrylate, polyoxyethylene dimethacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, glycerol trimethacrylate, pentaerythiol tetraacrylate, glycerol propoxylate / propiolate trioxylate hexaacrylate and di (trimethy ⁇ olpropane) tetraacrylate.
- the matrix may also contain a crosslinking initiator. The crosslinking of the matrix is carried out thermally, by UV irradiation or electron beam (EB). The level of aprotic solvent contained in the matrix is determined by the chemical nature of the polyether, its degree of crosslinking and the chemical nature of the aprotic solvent used.
- the second polymer matrix (matrix # 2) is included in the composite electrode (s).
- the macroscopic separation of the two polymer matrices is located at the interface between the composite electrode (s) and the separator or near the interface of the cathode which is then chosen from among the cathodes whose voltage at recharge is below 3.5 to 3.7V such as that based on LiFeP ⁇ 4 by way of nonlimiting example.
- the second polymer matrix consists of a polyether in homo or copolymer form of high crosslinkable molar mass or not or else of a homo or copolymer of lower crosslinkable molar mass.
- the polyether matrix serves both as a binder for the active material of the electrode and of electrolytic component to ensure ionic transport in the composite electrode (s).
- the matrix can contain at least one crosslinking additive to increase the dimensional stability of the separator formed and to control its crosslinking rate.
- the crosslinking additive is chosen from trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate polyoxyethylene diacrylate, polyoxyethylene dimethacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, glycerol trimethacrylate, pentaerythiol tetraacrylaate, glycerol propaylate) / glycerol propoxylate) and ⁇ (trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate.
- the matrix may also contain a crosslinking initiator. The crosslinking of the matrix is carried out thermally or by electron beam irradiation (EB).
- EB electron beam irradiation
- the rate of aprotic solvent contained in the matrix is in this case higher than in the matrix of the separator so as to favor the diffusion of the ions in the composite electrodes.
- the level of aprotic solvent contained in the matrix is then fixed by the chemical nature of the polyether, its degree of crosslinking and by the chemical compatibility of the aprotic solvent used with the polyether matrix.
- This embodiment relates to the shaping of the swelling polyether-based matrix which forms the separator.
- the mixture of the polyether with at least one aprotic organic solvent and at least one alkaline salt is formed in the form of a thin film on a peelable support or directly on one of the electrodes of the generator by a conventional coating method by solvent route. by using, if necessary, a volatile, solvent which is chemically compatible with the components of the generator or by extrusion.
- the coating can then be carried out in the absence of coating solvent.
- the polyether-based mixture may contain at least one crosslinking additive, at least one alkaline salt and a crosslinking initiator.
- the crosslinking of the matrix is carried out thermally, by UV irradiation or electron beam (EB).
- EB electron beam
- This realization concerns the shaping of the polyether-based matrix which forms the separator.
- the polyether is shaped into a thin film on a peelable support by a conventional coating method by solvent or by extrusion.
- the coating can be carried out in the absence of coating solvent.
- the polyether can contain at least one crosslinking additive, at least one alkaline salt and a crosslinking initiator.
- the crosslinking of the matrix is carried out thermally, by UV irradiation or electron beam (EB).
- the separator thus obtained is swollen with at least one aprotic organic solvent containing or not containing an alkaline salt, just before being used in the assembly of a generator.
- a variant of this embodiment being that the aprotic organic solvent of the separator is introduced after assembly by transfer of solvent from one or more composite electrodes.
- Embodiment 7 This embodiment relates to a two-step manufacturing process for a sub-assembly of an electrochemical generator from an electrolytic component of the present invention.
- the first step consists of coating in air at least one porous composite electrode comprising a low-swelling polymer matrix acting as a hant. This swollen electrode is then easy to dry and not very hygroscopic so as to simplify this step of assembling the generator.
- the second step consists in spreading under anhydrous condition on the porous composite electrode previously dried, a liquid aprotic solution comprising, a crosslinkable or non-crosslinkable polyether, swellable with one or more aprotic organic solvents containing at least one alkaline salt. If necessary, a volatile organic solvent is added to facilitate implementation.
- the aprotic solution thus fills the porosity in whole or in part of the composite electrode and constitutes on the surface of the latter the separator in whole or in part.
- the polyether-based matrix of the subassembly thus obtained can be crosslinked thermally, by UV irradiation or electron beam (EB). Realization 8
- This embodiment relates to a method of assembling a generator, incorporating an electrolytic component of the present invention, by joining together by rolling or pressing two subassemblies as described in embodiment 7, ie a subassembly anodic and a cathodic.
- said porosity is filled after said joining by impregnating with a liquid electrolyte.
- Embodiment 9 This embodiment is identical to that of embodiment 8 except that the cathode is a porous electrode or a cathode as described in embodiment 1.
- This embodiment is identical to that of embodiment 7 with the exception that an electrolytic separator based on polyether less than 10 ⁇ m thick containing a solid reinforcing charge is inserted between the two sub-assemblies at the time of said joining .
- Example 1 We show in the first example that the use of a separator based on gelled polyether does not limit the power, that is to say the discharge or load capacity of the generator in comparison with a generator. equivalent, the separator of which consists of an hbre liquid solvent included in the pores of an inert porous separator. This comparison obtained by using a crosslinked separator so as to limit the rate of solvent despite the use of a polyether matrix very compatible with the solvent, makes it possible to optimize the mechanical strength of the polymer matrix and to optimize its thinness.
- the present example relates to an electio-chemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in embodiment 1 with the exception that the separator is shaped as described in embodiment 6 to facilitate carrying out the example in the laboratory.
- a solution A is obtained by dissolving hthium hexafluorophosphate in glycerol tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give an oxygen to lithium molar ratio (O / Li) from 30/1.
- a solution B is obtained by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate in commercial polyoxyethylene glycol dimethacrylate whose molecular mass is 200 (available from Polyscience, USA) so as to give an oxygen to lithium molar ratio (O / Li) from 30/1.
- a solution C is obtained by mixing a proportion of each of solutions A and B.
- the proportion of solution A and B is adjusted so as to obtain in solution C a volume proportion of polymer of solution A of 70% and 30% solution B polymer. 1% by weight (weight of polymers) of Irgacure-651 photoinitiator (Ciba Geigy) is added.
- Solution C is spread in the form of a film 15 ⁇ thick and crosslinked by UV irradiation.
- An electro-chemical generator is manufactured using a negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 90% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 10%.
- the so-called negative electrode has a capacity of 3.56 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on a copper current collector 16 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 56 ⁇ m thick.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of cobalt oxide (LiCo ⁇ 2) in a mass fraction of 91.6%, Shawinigan carbon black in a mass fraction of 2.7% and a polymer, vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 5.7%.
- Said positive electrode has a
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 49 ⁇ m thick.
- the separator is immersed for 30 minutes in the mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate solvent plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing hthium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama) then the cathode and the anode are immersed for 10 minutes in a solution of the mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate solvent plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing lithium hexafluorophosphate at concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama).
- the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene copolymer has a much lower affinity for the aprotic solvent than that of polyether for this same aprotic solvent.
- the solvent is therefore distributed unevenly between the polyether matrix and the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene matrix.
- the aprotic solvent also comes to fill the porosity of the electrodes in addition to gelling the copolymer of vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene. So after immersion the solvent occupies 42% of the volume of the separator, 51% of the volume of the cathode and 45% of the volume of the anode.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode of the separator and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag.
- the cycling results at 25 ° C, shown in Figure 2 show normal cycling of the generator in terms of capacity and efficiency (defined as the ratio of a discharge to the subsequent charge) over more than 130 deep discharge cycles obtained at a constant discharge current Id of
- the present example relates to an electiochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in embodiment 3 with the exception that the separator is shaped as described in embodiment 6. to facilitate carrying out the example in the laboratory.
- a solution A is obtained by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate in glycerol tri (poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)) triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give a molar oxygen to hthium ratio
- a solution B is obtained by dissolving hthium hexafluorophosphate in commercial polyoxyethylene glycol diacrylate whose molecular mass is 200 (available from Polyscience, USA) so as to give an oxygen / lithium (O / Li) molar ratio of 30/1.
- a solution C is obtained by mixing a proportion of each of solutions A and B. The proportion of solutions A and B is adjusted so as to obtain in solution C a volume proportion of polymer of solution A of 70% and 30% solution B polymer.
- Solution C is spread in the form of a film 15 ⁇ m thick and crosslinked by irradiation with an electron beam, EB, with a dose of 5 Mrad.
- An electiochemical generator is manufactured using a negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 89% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 11%.
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of 1.90 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on a copper current collector 16 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 30 ⁇ m thick.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of iron phosphate (LiFePO4) in a mass fraction of 86.1%, Shawinigan carbon black in a mass fraction of 5.8% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 8.1%.
- Said positive electrode has a mixture of iron phosphate (LiFePO4) in a mass fraction of 86.1%, Shawinigan carbon black in a mass fraction of 5.8% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 8.1%.
- Said positive electrode has a
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 42 ⁇ m thick.
- solvent phase acetone
- the separator is immersed for 30 minutes in the mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate solvent plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing lithium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama). Following immersion, the solvent occupies 42% of the volume of the separator.
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode are irradiated by electron beam, EB, at a dose of 5 Mrad so as to crosslink the glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate polymer.
- EB electron beam
- the copolymer of vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene has a much lower affinity for the aprotic solvent than that of polyethers for this same aprotic solvent. The solvent is therefore distributed unevenly between the polyether matrices and the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene matrix.
- the polyether matrix used to fill the porosity of the composite electrodes contains more aprotic solvent than the polyether matrix used as a separator.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode of the separator and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag.
- the present example relates to an electiochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in embodiment 4 with the exception that the separator is shaped as described in embodiment 6. to facilitate carrying out the example in the laboratory.
- a solution A is obtained by dissolving bis (trifluoromethanesulfonimide) of hthium in glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give a molar ratio oxygen to hthium (O / Li) of 30/1.
- a solution B is obtained by adding trimethylolpropane triacrylate (available from Polyscience, USA) to solution A so as to obtain a volume proportion of 85% solution A polymer and 15% trimethylolpropane triacrylates.
- Solution B is spread in the form of a film 15 ⁇ m thick and crosslinked by irradiation with an electron beam, EB, with a dose of 5 Mrad.
- An electiochemical generator is made using a negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 90%, a polymer glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate in a mass fraction of 10% and a mixture of solvent ethyl methyl carbonate plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing bis (1rifluoromethanesulfonimide) of hthium at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama) in a volume fraction of 20% of the electrode.
- the so-called negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 90%, a polymer glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate in a mass fraction of 10% and a mixture of solvent ethyl methyl carbonate plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing bis (1rifluoromethanesulfonimide) of hthium at
- the electrode 2 has a capacity of 3.48 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (methoxyethane) on a copper current collector 16 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 55 ⁇ m thick.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of iron phosphate (LiFeP ⁇ 4) in a mass fraction of 80.6%, Shawinigan carbon black in a mass fraction of 5.4% and a polymer glycerol tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene )] triacrylate in a mass fraction of 15% and a mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate solvent plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonimide) at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama ) in a volume fraction of 20% of the electrode.
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of 3.98 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (methoxyethane) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 49 ⁇ m thick.
- solvent phase methoxyethane
- the separator is immersed for 30 minutes in the mixture of solvent ethyl methyl carbonate plus ethylene carbonate (in a molar ratio 1: 1) containing the bis (trMuoromethanesulfonimide) of hthium at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama). Following immersion, the solvent occupies 42% of the volume of the separator.
- the aprotic solvent is distributed unevenly between the polyether matrices.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode, the separator and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag. After thirty three deep discharge cycles obtained at a constant discharge current Id of 0.15 mA / cm 2 and a charge current of 0.12 mA / cm 2, between voltage limits of 4.1 V and 2.7 V we always obtain more than 80 % of capacity.
- This example concerns the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the gels used as a separator.
- the mechanical property measurement is reahsed by an evaluation of the degree of penetration of a hemispherical point in the separator.
- the measurement is carried out using a hemispherical point 7 mm in diameter and a load of 240 g at
- Membrane # 5 glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate (8000) + trimethylolpropane triacrylate in a volume fraction of 70% and 30% respectively: - 25 ° C
- the present example relates to an electiochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component such as described in reahsation 3 with the exception that the separator is shaped as described in reahsation 6 to facilitate the reahsation of the example in the laboratory.
- a solution A is obtained by dissolving hthium hexafluorophosphate in glycerol tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give a molar ratio oxygen to hthium (O / Li) from 30/1.
- a solution B is obtained by the addition in solution A of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (available from Polyscience, USA) so as to obtain a volume proportion of polymer of solution A of 85% and of trimethylolpropane triacrylate of 15%.
- Solution B is spread in the form of a film 15 ⁇ m thick and crosslinked by irradiation with an electron beam, EB, with a dose of 5 Mrad.
- An electro-chemical generator is manufactured using a negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 90% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 10%.
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of 3.54 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on a copper current collector 16 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 56 ⁇ m thick.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of cobalt oxide, (LiCo ⁇ 2) in a mass fraction of 91.6%, Shawinigan carbon black in a mass fraction of 2.7% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 5.7%.
- Said positive electrode has a
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 49 ⁇ m thick.
- solvent phase acetone
- the separator is immersed for 30 minutes in the mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate plus ethylene carbonate solvent (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing hthium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama). Following immersion, the solvent occupies 41% of the volume of the separator.
- the cathode and the anode are soaked, so as to fill their porosity, with a solution C, said solution C containing in a volume fraction of 50% the mixture of solvent ethyl methyl carbonate plus ethylene carbonate (in a molar ratio 1: 1) and lithium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama) and in a volume fraction of 50% the glycerol-tri polymer [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate.
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode are irradiated by electron beam, EB, at a dose of 5 Mrad so as to crosslink the glycerol polymer.
- the copolymer of vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene has a much lower affinity for the aprotic solvent than that of polyethers for this same aprotic solvent.
- the solvent is therefore distributed unevenly between the polyether matrices and the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene matrix.
- the polyether matrix used to fill the porosity of the composite electrodes contains more aprotic solvent than the polyether matrix used as a separator.
- the electio-climatic generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode of the separator and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag.
- Example 6 The present example relates to an electiochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in embodiment 3 using a manufacturing process as described in embodiment 7 with the exception that the composite electrodes are prepared under an inert atmosphere.
- Solution A is obtained by mixing ethyl methyl carbonate solvent plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) plus hthium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (solvent available from Tomyama) in a volume fraction of 50 %. with the glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate polymer in a volume fraction of 50%.
- An electiochemical generator is manufactured using a negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 89% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 11%. The so-called negative electrode
- the electrode 2 has a capacity of 1.90 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on a copper current collector 16 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film of 30 ⁇ m. thick.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of iron phosphate (LiFeP ⁇ 4) in a mass fraction of 86.1%, Shawinigan carbon black in a mass fraction of 5.8% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 8.1%.
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 42 ⁇ m thick. Said solution A is spread over the anode and on the cathode so as to fill the porosity of these two electrodes and to leave in excess between 5 and 10 ⁇ m of solution A on the surface of the electrodes so as to form a portion of the separator .
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode are irradiated by electron beam, EB, at a dose of 5 Mrad so as to crosslink the glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate polymer.
- the aprotic solvent is distributed unevenly between the polyether matrix and the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene matrix.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag. After thirty eight deep discharge cycles obtained at a constant discharge current Id of 0.09 mA / cm and a current of
- Example 7 The present example relates to an electiochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in preferred embodiments 1 and 4 with the exception that the separator is shaped in the manner described in reahsation 6 to facilitate the realization of the example in the laboratory. All the manipulations were carried out in a glove box under an inert and anhydrous atmosphere.
- a solution A is obtained by dissolving hthium hexafluorophosphate in glycerol tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give a molar ratio oxygen to hthium (O / Li) from 30/1.
- a solution B is obtained by the addition in solution A of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (available from Polyscience, USA) of so as to obtain a volume proportion of polymer of solution A of 85% and of trimethylolpropane triacrylates of 15%.
- Solution B is spread in the form of a film 15 ⁇ m thick and crosslinked by irradiation with an electron beam, EB, with a dose of 5 Mrad.
- An electiochemical generator is made using a negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 90%, a polymer glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate in a mass fraction of 10% and a mixture of solvent ethyl methyl carbonate plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing hthium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama) in a volume fraction of 20% of the electrode.
- the so-called negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 90%, a polymer glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate in a mass fraction of 10% and a mixture of solvent ethyl methyl carbonate plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing hthium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama) in
- the electrode 2 has a capacity of 3.48 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (methoxyethane) on a copper current collector 16 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 55 ⁇ m thick.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of cobalt oxide, (LiCo ⁇ 2) in a mass fraction of 91.6%, Shawinigan carbon black in a mass fraction of 2.7% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 5.7%.
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of 4.05 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 48 ⁇ m thick.
- the separator is immersed for 30 minutes in the mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate solvent plus ethylene carbonate (in a molar ratio 1: 1) containing hthium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (available from Tomyama) and the cathode is immersed for 10 minutes in a solution of the mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate solvent plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing lithium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (available at Tomyama).
- the solvent occupies 44% of the volume of the separator and 51% of the volume of the cathode.
- the copolymer of vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene has a much lower affinity for the aprotic solvent than that of polyethers for this same aprotic solvent.
- the solvent is distributed unevenly between the polyether matrix in the anode, the polyether matrix of the separator and the vinyldiene fluoride matrix co-hexafluoro propene.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode of the separator and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag. After forty three deep discharge cycles obtained at a current
- Example 8 The present example relates to an electio-climatic generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in reahsation 3 using a manufacturing process as described in reahsation 10 except that the composite electrodes are prepared under an inert atmosphere. All the manipulations were carried out in a glove box under an inert and anhydrous atmosphere.
- a solution A is obtained by dissolving hthium hexafluorophosphate in glycerol tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give a molar ratio oxygen to hthium (O / Li) from 30/1.
- a solution B is obtained by adding to solution A, hthium aluminate in a volume fraction of 10% versus the glycerol-tri polymer [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate plus a diluent dimethoxyetane in a fraction 50% volume.
- Solution B is spread in the form of a film 8 ⁇ m thick and, after evaporation of the diluent, crosslinked by irradiation with electron beam, EB, with a dose of 5 Mrad so as to obtain a charged separator.
- Solution C is obtained by mixing ethyl methyl carbonate solvent plus ethylene carbonate (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) plus lithium hexafluorophosphate at a concentration of 1 molar (solvent available from Tomyama) in a fraction volume of 50% with the glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate polymer in a volume fraction of 50%.
- An electro-chemical generator is manufactured using a negative electrode which contains graphite in a mass fraction of 90% and a polymer vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene, in a mass fraction of 10%.
- the electrode 2 has a capacity of 3.52 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on a copper current collector 16 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 56 ⁇ m thick.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of cobalt oxide,
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 49 ⁇ m thick. Said solution C is spread on the anode and on the cathode so as to fill the porosity of these two electrodes and to leave in excess between 2 and 5 ⁇ m of solution C on the surface of the electrodes so as to form a portion of the separator .
- EB electron beam
- the aprotic solvent is distributed unevenly between the polyether matrices in the composite electrodes, the polyether matrix loaded with hthium uminate forming a portion of the separator and the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene matrix.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode, the charged separator as described above and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag. After fifty two deep discharge cycles obtained at a constant discharge current
- the present example relates to an electiochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in embodiment 1 with the exception that the separator is shaped as described in embodiment 6 to facilitate the rehsation of the example in the laboratory.
- Solution A is obtained by adding 4.4 g of hthium terafluoroborate to 21.2 g of glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give a molar ratio of oxygen to hthium (O / Li) from 30/1.
- a solution B is obtained by adding 11.3 g of lithium tetrafluoroborate in 52.1 g of commercial polyoxyethylene glycol dimethacrylate whose molecular mass is 200 (available from Polyscience) so as to give a molar ratio of oxygen to hthium ( O / Li) of 30/1.
- a solution C is obtained by mixing a proportion of each of solutions A and B. The proportion of solutions A and B is adjusted so as to obtain in solution C a volume proportion of polymer of solution A of 70% and 30% solution B polymer. 1% by weight is added
- Solution C is spread in the form of a film 20 ⁇ m thick and crosslinked by UV irradiation for 2 min. to one
- An electiochemical generator is manufactured using a negative metallic ⁇ hthium electrode 30 ⁇ m thick, laminated on an 8 ⁇ m nickel current collector.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of cobalt oxide (LiCo ⁇ 2) in a mass fraction of 91.6%, carbon black of
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of
- the electrode is obtained by phase coating solvent (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 49 ⁇ m thick.
- the separator is immersed for 30 minutes in the mixture of solvent propylene carbonate plus ethylene carbonate (in volume proportions of 60% and 40% respectively) and the cathode is immersed in 10 minutes a solution of the mixture of solvents propylene carbonate plus ethylene carbonate (in volume proportions of 60% and 40% respectively) containing hthium tetrafluoroborate at a concentration of 0.31 mol / Kg.
- the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene copolymer has a much lower affinity for the aprotic solvent than that of polyether for this same aprotic solvent.
- the solvent is therefore distributed unevenly between the polyether matrix and the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene matrix.
- the aprotic solvent also comes to fill the porosity of the electrode in addition to gelling the copolymer of vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene. So after immersion the solvent occupies 41% of the volume of the separator and 61% of the volume of the cathode.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode of the separator and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag. After fifty deep discharge cycles obtained at a constant discharge current Id of 0.13 mA / cm and a charge current of 0.13 mA / cm, between voltage limits of 4.2 V and 2.5 V we always obtain more than 50% of the capacity.
- Example 10 The present example relates to an electiochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in reahsation 1 except that the separator is shaped as described in reahsation 6 to facilitate the reahsation of the example in laboratory.
- Solution A is obtained by adding 4.4 g of hthium tetrafluoroborate to 21.2 g of glycerol-tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give a molar ratio of oxygen to hthium (O / Li) from 30/1.
- a solution B is obtained by adding 11.3 g of hthium tetrafluoroborate in 52.1 g of commercial polyoxyethylene glycol dimethacrylate whose molecular mass is 200 (available from Polyscience, USA) so as to give an oxygen to lithium molar ratio ( O / Li) of 30/1.
- a solution C is obtained by mixing a proportion of each of solutions A and B.
- the proportions of solutions A and B are adjusted so as to obtain in solution C a volume proportion of polymer of solution A of 70% and 30% solution B polymer.
- 1% by weight (polymer weight) of Irgacure-651 (S) photoinitiator (Ciba Geigy) is added.
- Solution C is spread in the form of a film 20 ⁇ m thick and crosslinked by UV irradiation for 2 min, at a
- An electiochemical generator is manufactured using a negative metal ⁇ hium electrode 30 ⁇ m thick, laminated on an 8 ⁇ m nickel current collector.
- the separator consists of a polymer membrane as described in the previous paragraph
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of cobalt oxide, (LiCo ⁇ 2), in a mass fraction of 91.6%, of carbon black of
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of 2 4.07 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 49 ⁇ m thick.
- the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene copolymer has a much lower affinity for the aprotic solvent than that of polyether for this same aprotic solvent. The solvent is therefore distributed unevenly between the polyether matrix and the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene matrix.
- the aprotic solvent also comes to fill the porosity of the electrode in addition to gelling the copolymer of vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene. So following immersion, tetraethyl sulfonamide occupies 36% of the volume of the separator and 61% of the volume of the cathode.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing at 25 ° C of the negative electrode of the separator and the positive electrode and put in a sealed bag.
- the present example relates to an electrochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in reahsation 1 with the exception that the separator is shaped as described in reahsation 6 to facilitate carrying out the example in the laboratory.
- a solution A is obtained by dissolving lithium tetrafluoroborate in glycerol tri [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate whose molar mass is 8000 so as to give a molar oxygen to hthium ratio (O / Li) of 30/1.
- a solution B is obtained by the addition in the solution A of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (available from Polyscience, USA) so as to obtain a volume proportion of polymer of solution A of 85% and of trimethylolpropane triacrylates of 15%.
- Solution B is spread in the form of a film 15 ⁇ m thick and crosslinked by irradiation with an electron beam, EB, with a dose of 5 Mrad.
- An electiochemical generator is made using a negative metallic hthium electrode 27 ⁇ m thick, laminated on an 8 ⁇ nickel current collector.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of manganese oxide, (Mn ⁇ 2) in a mass fraction of 89.1%, carbon black of
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of 2 4.10 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (acetone) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 54 ⁇ m thick.
- the separator is immersed for 30 minutes in the mixture of ⁇ -butyrolactone plus carbonate solvents (in a 1: 1 molar ratio) containing hthium tetrafluoroborate at a concentration of 1 molar.
- the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene copolymer has a much lower affinity for the aprotic solvent than that of polyether for this same aprotic solvent.
- the solvent is therefore distributed unevenly between the polyether matrix and the vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene matrix.
- the aprotic solvent also comes to fill the porosity of the electrode in addition to gelling the copolymer of vinyldiene fluoride co-hexafluoro propene. After immersion, the solvent occupies 45% of the volume of the separator.
- the cathode is soaked, so as to fill its porosity, with a solution C, said solution C containing in a volume fraction of 50% the mixture of solvents ⁇ -butyrolactone plus carbonate (in a molar ratio 1: 1) containing lithium tetrafluoroborate at a concentration of 1 molar and in a volume fraction of 50% the glycerol-tri polymer [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate.
- the positive electrode is irradiated by electron beam, EB, at a dose of 5 Mrad so as to crosslink the glycerol-tri polymer [poly (oxyethylene) (oxypropylene)] triacrylate.
- the electiochemical generator is then quickly assembled by light pressing to
- Example 12 The present example relates to an electiochemical generator comprising an electrolytic component as described in reahsation 1 except that the separator is shaped in the manner described in reahsation 6 to facilitate the reahsation of the example in the laboratory.
- An electiochemical generator is manufactured using a negative metallic ⁇ hthium electrode 30 ⁇ m thick, laminated on an 8 ⁇ m nickel current collector.
- the positive electrode contains a mixture of titanium sulfide, (TiS2) in a mass fraction of 90.0%, Shawinigan carbon black in a mass fraction of 3.6% and a terpolymer poly (ethylene propylene diene), (EPDM) in a mass fraction of 6.4%.
- Said positive electrode has a capacity of 1 Coulomb / cm.
- the electrode is obtained by coating in solvent phase (cyclohexane) on an aluminum current collector 8 ⁇ m thick so as to give a film 15 ⁇ m thick.
- solvent phase cyclohexane
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2195387 | 1997-01-17 | ||
| CA002195387A CA2195387A1 (fr) | 1997-01-17 | 1997-01-17 | Composition electrolytique a base de polymeres pour generateur electrochimique |
| CA002221985A CA2221985A1 (fr) | 1997-11-24 | 1997-11-24 | Composition electrolytique a base de polymeres pour generateur electrochimique |
| CA2221985 | 1997-11-24 | ||
| PCT/CA1998/000018 WO1998032183A1 (fr) | 1997-01-17 | 1998-01-19 | Composition electrolytique a base de polymeres pour generateur electrochimique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0890192A1 true EP0890192A1 (fr) | 1999-01-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98900830A Withdrawn EP0890192A1 (fr) | 1997-01-17 | 1998-01-19 | Composition electrolytique a base de polymeres pour generateur electrochimique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6280882B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0890192A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4831588B2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1998032183A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE19839217C2 (de) * | 1998-08-28 | 2001-02-08 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Pastöse Massen, Schichten und Schichtverbände, Zellen und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
| JP2000082330A (ja) * | 1998-09-07 | 2000-03-21 | Sony Corp | 電解質用組成物ならびに電解質およびその製造方法およびそれを用いた電池 |
| CA2268346A1 (fr) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-10-07 | Hydro-Quebec | Composite traitement au lipo3 |
| JP3921931B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2007-05-30 | ソニー株式会社 | 正極活物質及び非水電解質電池 |
| JP3997702B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-06 | 2007-10-24 | ソニー株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP4686852B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-04 | 2011-05-25 | ソニー株式会社 | 非水電解液電池 |
| JP4365098B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-27 | 2009-11-18 | シャープ株式会社 | リチウムポリマー二次電池およびその製造方法 |
| CA2367290A1 (fr) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-16 | Hydro Quebec | Electrolyte polymere a haute stabilite > 4 volts comme electrolyte pour supercondensateur hybride et generateur electrochimique |
| US7482097B2 (en) * | 2002-04-03 | 2009-01-27 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Alkali-transition metal phosphates having a +3 valence non-transition element and related electrode active materials |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2674685B1 (fr) * | 1991-03-29 | 1996-12-13 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Generateur electrochimique secondaire au lithium et a electrolyte organique liquide. |
| JP3141362B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-07 | 2001-03-05 | 株式会社ユアサコーポレーション | 電池の製造法 |
| JPH05326021A (ja) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-10 | Yuasa Corp | 二次電池 |
| US5463179A (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-10-31 | Chaloner-Gill; Benjamin | Solid electrolyte obtained by the polymerization of diacrylate monomer having a rigid alkane segment |
| JPH09185962A (ja) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Japan Energy Corp | リチウム電池 |
| DE69700138T2 (de) * | 1996-01-31 | 1999-09-02 | Aea Technology Plc | Polyvinylidenfluorid als polymerer Festelektrolyt für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien |
| JP3512082B2 (ja) * | 1996-10-11 | 2004-03-29 | 株式会社ユアサコーポレーション | 薄形リチウム電池とその製造方法 |
-
1998
- 1998-01-19 JP JP53344498A patent/JP4831588B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-19 US US09/142,055 patent/US6280882B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-19 WO PCT/CA1998/000018 patent/WO1998032183A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-19 EP EP98900830A patent/EP0890192A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-06-12 US US09/878,356 patent/US6806002B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO9832183A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6806002B2 (en) | 2004-10-19 |
| JP4831588B2 (ja) | 2011-12-07 |
| JP2000507387A (ja) | 2000-06-13 |
| US20010041295A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
| WO1998032183A1 (fr) | 1998-07-23 |
| US6280882B1 (en) | 2001-08-28 |
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