EP0887827B1 - Interrupteur avec un mécanisme de commutation sensible à la température - Google Patents

Interrupteur avec un mécanisme de commutation sensible à la température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0887827B1
EP0887827B1 EP98104101A EP98104101A EP0887827B1 EP 0887827 B1 EP0887827 B1 EP 0887827B1 EP 98104101 A EP98104101 A EP 98104101A EP 98104101 A EP98104101 A EP 98104101A EP 0887827 B1 EP0887827 B1 EP 0887827B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
countercontact
contact
switching mechanism
anyone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98104101A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0887827A2 (fr
EP0887827A3 (fr
Inventor
Marcel Hofsäss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0887827A2 publication Critical patent/EP0887827A2/fr
Publication of EP0887827A3 publication Critical patent/EP0887827A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0887827B1 publication Critical patent/EP0887827B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H01H2001/545—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force having permanent magnets directly associated with the contacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch with a a temperature-dependent switching mechanism receiving housing, the a lower part, at the inner bottom of a first Counter contact is arranged for the rear derailleur, as well as a Lower part closing lid part comprises, at the Inside a second mating contact for the rear derailleur is provided, wherein the derailleur is an electrically conductive Spring washer includes, which carries a movable contact part and works against a bimetal snap-action, which is about sits centrally on the movable contact part, wherein the Spring washer with its edge supported on a mating contact and the movable contact part against the other counter contact presses when the rear derailleur is below its Response temperature is.
  • the housing has a electrically conductive material manufactured lower part and a the lower part occlusive lid part on, the off Insulating material is made.
  • Rear derailleur arranged, which includes a spring washer, a carries movable contact part.
  • the spring washer works against a bimetal snap-action disc, which over the movable Contact part is slipped. Below the switching temperature pushes the spring washer, which is located at the bottom of the base supports, the movable contact part against a Mating contact, which is provided on the inside of the lid part and itself in the manner of a rivet through the lid to the outside extends.
  • the bottom of the lower part serves as another Counter contact for the rear derailleur.
  • the spring washer itself is made of electrically conductive material made, it maintains the response temperature of the maintenance Derailleur for a low-resistance, electrically conductive Connection between the mating contact on the cover part and the mating contact on the lower part, wherein the lower part of outside is contacted. Now the temperature of the Derailleur increases, so snaps the bimetallic snap disk suddenly and pushes the movable contact against the Force of the spring washer away from the mating contact of the lid, so that the electrical connection is interrupted.
  • Such switches are generally used for temperature monitoring used by electrical equipment. As long as the temperature of the electrical device a predetermined response temperature does not exceed, the switch remains closed, the to this purpose in series with the consumer to be protected is switched. Now increases the temperature of the Inadmissible consumer, so snaps the bimetallic snap disk and thus interrupts the flow of current to the Consumer.
  • the temperature-dependent derailleur now contacts one hand on the spring washer, the lower part and on the other hand over the movable contact part of the cover part, so that an electric conductive connection between the two crimp terminals exists as long as the temperature of the rear derailleur below the response temperature is. Increases the temperature of the Wegmaschinees, so this electrical connection is in interrupted as described above.
  • the temperature-dependent Derailleur includes a cantilevered bi-metal spring, which holds a moving contact at its free end, the below the response temperature of the rear derailleur with a fixed counter contact in plant, the inside of the lid is arranged.
  • the bimetallic spring is firmly clamped and connected to a resistor at the bottom of the Lower part runs.
  • a through hole in the floor provided in the bottom of a button-like connector is inserted. With his in the interior of the switch projecting head is this connector to the resistor soldered.
  • the button-like head goes over into a flap that runs laterally under the wall of the lower part and merges next to the lower part in a connecting lug.
  • the magnetized holding or guiding part is now located next to one of the two narrow sides of the bimetallic strip, being due to a mutual magnetic attraction between the bimetal strip and the holding or Guide member prevents vibrations of the bimetallic strip should be.
  • this object is achieved in the aforementioned Switch achieved in that the mating contact on which the spring washer below the response temperature with their Edge is magnetic.
  • magnetizable materials ie those with high Permeability, ferromagnetic materials, etc. understood as well as permanent magnets. All that matters is that the material from which at rest the Spring washer supporting mating contact is made, a magnetic attraction to the interposition the spring washer overlying bimetallic snap disk can exercise. This mating contact is now very close to the Bimetallic snap disk, so that through this geometrically very effective arrangement already a low magnetization is sufficient to vibrate the bimetallic snap disk too prevent it being mechanically overstressed mechanically.
  • a big advantage of the new switch is that it constructively does not have to be changed at all, rather only has to be a suitable material for the mating contact be selected, this counter contact if necessary before or must still be magnetized after assembly, so that at most one further production step is required.
  • the lower part of Insulating material is made, the first counter contact by a wall of the lower part through contactable from the outside is, and the cover part of electrically conductive material is made and at the same time as a second mating contact acts, wherein the lid part at an upper edge of Lower part is held.
  • the lower part is now made of insulating material is no insulating film required for a corresponding electrical insulation between the lower part and the lid part too to care.
  • the Cover part itself acts as a mating contact, so that the at State of the art complex through-hole through the Cover part is omitted.
  • This contacting from the outside can be significantly simpler at the bottom, e.g. thereby achieve that a slot is provided in the wall of the lower part, through a connecting part of the first mating contact itself extends to the outside.
  • the lower part can therefore as a pot with be made a longitudinal slot in its outer wall, in which case the first mating contact is merely inserted in this way must be that its outwardly projecting connector in the Slot lies.
  • the bimetal derailleur preferably in reverse order as before general known inserted and finally follows the lid part, the is held directly on the edge of the lower part, where there e.g. Latches are provided.
  • the entire assembly of the new Switch is thus very simple, although relatively few Components are needed so that the cost of the new switch due to its simple construction very much keep low.
  • the first mating contact in the Lower part by casting or encapsulation during manufacture the lower part is held captive so that he integral part of the lower part is.
  • the lower part is now e.g. as a plastic injection molding can be made, during the Injection process of the first mating contact uffenbar umspritzbar becomes so that it becomes an integral part of the lower part.
  • uffenbar umspritzbar becomes so that it becomes an integral part of the lower part.
  • the attachment of the Gegenuttones realized at the bottom of the lower part so that several operations can be saved here.
  • the first mating contact by the Insulation completely isolated to the outside, so that a subsequent insulation by epoxy or an insulating cap, as it was previously known, is eliminated.
  • first Counter contact a molded, through a wall of the lower part having outwardly projecting connection part.
  • the first mating contact is included an electrically conductive ring or an electrically conductive Disc, preferably integrally with the connecting part is trained.
  • the second counter contact is preferably formed integrally with the connection part.
  • the first mating contact is designed as a ring, then results in its middle a large free area Insulating material, with which the movable contact part of the bimetallic switching mechanism can get into contact without it makes electrical contact with the mating contact, so that here on the otherwise possibly required insulating dispensed between the bimetal rear derailleur and the cover part can be.
  • the first mating contact because of better heat transfer is designed as a disc, so only one must Insulating washer between the bimetallic snap disk and the Cover part are inserted to in the high temperature position a contact between the edge of the spring washer and the second Counter contact and thus to prevent an unwanted short circuit.
  • the lower part now overlaps the first counter contact annular, so that an insulating Support area is formed on the first mating contact.
  • the inventor of the present application has now recognized that this mechanical construction has particular advantages in Related to the present invention underlying idea, namely one of Magnetically form mating contacts.
  • the rear derailleur in the housing will either be on the ground of the lower part made of insulating material injected Counter contact or serving as a mating contact Cover part made of magnetic material and possibly magnetized after manufacture, as mentioned above has been.
  • Both mating contacts are very close to the bimetallic snap disk, so that even small magnetic forces Sufficient to hold the bimetallic snap disk in its rest position to fix, ie against mechanical or magnetic Alternating fields to protect induced vibrations.
  • the cover part can also be subsequently easily magnetize because it is direct from the outside is accessible, so that magnetizing coils very close the lid part can be brought up without disturb intervening insulation layers, as in the in the lower part provided counter contact would be the case.
  • a switch 10 is shown in the housing 11 a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 12 is arranged.
  • Such switches are e.g. for monitoring the temperature used by electrically powered devices and to this Purpose electrically connected in series with the device.
  • the housing 11 comprises a wall 13 having a lower part 14, at the inner bottom 15, a first counter-contact 16 for the rear derailleur 12 is arranged.
  • the lower part 14 is through a lid part 17 is closed, on the inside 18 a second mating contact 19 is provided.
  • the cover part 17 is electrically conductive, so that it acts as a second counter contact itself.
  • the first mating contact 16 is formed as a ring 21, whose Connecting part 22 through a slot 23 in the wall 13th extends to the outside.
  • the ring 21 is inserted into the interior of the lower part 14, that the connecting part 22 through the slot 23 down slides.
  • This slot 23 can be made very thin, so that he does not have the function of the new switch impaired. It is possible, however, after inserting the first counter contact 16 to shed the slot 23 or hot to emboss.
  • the second mating contact 19 is designed as a disk 24, with their edge 25 on an inner, circumferential Shoulder 26 of the lower part 14 is supported.
  • the edge 25 of the Disk 24 is from an edge 27 of the lower part 14th surmounted. At this edge 27 locking lugs 28 are provided which hold the disc 24 captive on the shoulder 26.
  • connection part 29 of the second mating contact 19 within the edge 27 after extends above where it is contacted in a suitable manner can.
  • the derailleur 12 includes a spring washer 31, which is a movable Contact part 32 carries that shown in the Embodiment is welded to the spring washer 31.
  • the spring washer 31 is supported by its edge 33 on the Ring 21 and presses in the one shown in Fig. 1 Low temperature position the movable contact part 32 against the disc 24, so that a total of the electrically conductive Spring washer 31 an electrical connection between the Connecting parts 22 and 29 is made.
  • a bimetallic snap disk 34 and an insulating 35 are slipped.
  • Fig. 2 is another embodiment of the new Switch 10 shown in which also the first mating contact than Disc 37 is formed.
  • the disc 37 is at her Edges are annularly overlapped by the lower housing part 14, so that an insulating support area 38 is formed, which is the Disc 37 also insulated at the top.
  • the disc 37 Approximately in the middle, the disc 37 still has a contact projection 39, which points into the interior of the housing 11.
  • the mating contact 16 now encapsulated in the manufacture of the lower part 14 or poured so that it is an integral part of the lower part 14 is.
  • the bimetallic switching mechanism is compared with FIG. 1 in FIG. 2 inserted so to speak "overhead", so that the movable contact part 32 at the low temperature position shown in FIG is in contact with the contact projection 39.
  • the Spring washer 31 is supported with its edge 33 inside of the Cover part 17 from, so that a conductive connection between the connecting parts 22, 29 is made, both extend laterally through the wall 13 of the lower part 14.
  • the connector 29 is not in a in Fig. 2 recognizable notch in the edge 27 so that it later can be used from above. It is recognizable, that the edge 27, the disc 24 overlaps at its edge and she thus remains captive. This attachment is characterized achieved that an originally straight upstanding edge 27th hot stamped or hot welded after inserting the disc 24 is so that he at least partially the disc 24 overlaps. If the edge 27 is raised accordingly, can also be provided so much insulating material, that also the disc 24 is isolated to the outside when the edge 27th is hot stamped.
  • Insulating washer 35 can be dispensed with. If now that is the Rear derailleur 12 is heated so far that the bimetallic snap disk 34 changes to its high temperature position, it then rests on the insulating support area 38 and presses the movable contact part 32 of the contact projection 39 away, until finally the spring washer 31 of the concave shown in a convex shape umspringt. Spring washer 31 and bimetallic snap disk 34 are supported now with their edges on the insulating support area 38 so that any possible installation in the area of the movable ' Contact part 32 to the lid part 17 not to a unwanted short circuit between the two connecting parts 22 and 29 leads.
  • the mating contact on which the spring washer 31 below the response temperature of the bimetallic snap disk 34 is supported made of magnetized or magnetizable Material made with high magnetic permeability and after assembly of the switch 10, if necessary magnetized.
  • the mating contact 16 and in the embodiment of FIG. 2 of the mating contact 19 so the lid member 17 itself magnetic.
  • the thus magnetized cover part 17 and the magnetic Ring 21 now pull the likewise magnetic bimetallic snap disk 34 on, so that these in magnetic Alternating fields or other mechanical Vibrations are not put into vibration.
  • the subsequent magnetization is easy the embodiment of FIG. 2, because there is to be magnetized Counter contact 19 in the form of the cover part 17 also from the outside for magnetizing coils is easily accessible.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Interrupteur (10) avec un boítier (11) recevant un mécanisme de commutation (12) dépendant de la température, lequel boítier comporte une partie inférieure (14) sur le fond intérieur (15) duquel est disposé un premier contre-contact (16) pour le mécanisme de commutation (12), ainsi qu'une partie formant couvercle (17) fermant la partie inférieure (14) et sur la face intérieure (18) de laquelle est prévu un deuxième contre-contact (19) pour le mécanisme de commutation (12), le mécanisme de commutation comprenant un ressort plat (31) électriquement conducteur qui porte une pièce de contact mobile (32) et agit contre une rondelle-ressort (34) bimétallique qui repose sensiblement au milieu sur la pièce de contact mobile (32), le ressort plat (31) prenant appui, par son bord (33), contre l'un des contre-contacts (16, 19), et la pièce de contact mobile (32) pressant contre l'autre contre-contact (19, 16) lorsque le mécanisme de commutation (12) se trouve au-dessous de sa température de réponse,
    caractérisé en ce que le contre-contact (16, 19), contre lequel le ressort plat (31) prend appui, par son bord (33), au-dessous de la température de réponse, est magnétique.
  2. Interrupteur selon la revendication (1), caractérisé en ce que la partie inférieure (14) est fabriquée dans une matière isolante, le premier contre-contact (16) peut être mis en contact depuis l'extérieur à travers une paroi (13) de la partie inférieure (14), et la partie formant couvercle (17) est fabriquée dans une matière électriquement conductrice et agit en même temps comme deuxième contre-contact (19), la partie formant couvercle (17) étant maintenue sur un bord supérieur (27) de la partie inférieure (14).
  3. Interrupteur selon la revendication (2), caractérisé en ce que la partie formant couvercle (17) est magnétique.
  4. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier contre-contact (16) est maintenu de façon imperdable dans la partie inférieure (14), par surmoulage ou enrobage lors de la fabrication de la partie inférieure (14), de manière qu'il fasse partie intégrante de la partie inférieure (14).
  5. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier contre-contact (16) comporte une pièce de raccordement (22) directement formée sur lui, dépassant vers l'extérieur à travers une paroi (13) de la partie inférieure (14).
  6. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le premier contre-contact (16) est réalisé comme un anneau (21) électriquement conducteur.
  7. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le premier contre-contact (16) est réalisé comme un disque (37) électriquement conducteur.
  8. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le premier contre-contact (16) est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec la pièce de raccordement (22).
  9. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième contre-contact (19) comporte une pièce de raccordement (29) directement formée sur lui.
  10. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le premier contre-contact (16) comporte une saillie de contact (39) sensiblement centrale avec laquelle la pièce de contact (32) mobile du mécanisme de commutation (12) est en contact, au-dessous de sa température de réponse.
  11. Interrupteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la partie inférieure (14) passe sur le premier contre-contact (16), dans une conformation en anneau, de sorte qu'il est réalisé une zone d'appui (38) isolante sur le premier contre-contact (16).
EP98104101A 1997-06-27 1998-03-07 Interrupteur avec un mécanisme de commutation sensible à la température Expired - Lifetime EP0887827B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19727383 1997-06-27
DE19727383A DE19727383C2 (de) 1997-06-27 1997-06-27 Schalter mit einem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0887827A2 EP0887827A2 (fr) 1998-12-30
EP0887827A3 EP0887827A3 (fr) 1999-06-16
EP0887827B1 true EP0887827B1 (fr) 2005-05-18

Family

ID=7833853

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98104101A Expired - Lifetime EP0887827B1 (fr) 1997-06-27 1998-03-07 Interrupteur avec un mécanisme de commutation sensible à la température

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6054916A (fr)
EP (1) EP0887827B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE295994T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19727383C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2242244T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT887827E (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19919648C2 (de) 1999-04-30 2003-03-13 Marcel Hofsaess Gerät mit in einer Tasche vorgesehenem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk
DE10258036B4 (de) 2002-12-12 2024-06-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektromotor, insbesondere für eine Scheibenwischvorrichtung sowie Scheibenwischvorrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE10262404B3 (de) * 2002-12-12 2016-02-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektromotor, insbesondere für eine Scheibenwischvorrichtung sowie Scheibenwischvorrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US8754773B1 (en) * 2004-02-21 2014-06-17 Lee Von Gunten Device for simulating human activity in an unoccupied dwelling
US7109840B2 (en) * 2004-05-27 2006-09-19 Sensata Technologies, Inc. Protector for electrical apparatus
JP2006092825A (ja) * 2004-09-22 2006-04-06 Fuji Denshi Kogyo Kk 温度スイッチと温度スイッチの組立方法
US7060938B1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-06-13 Casco Products Corporation Double-disk assembly for a cigar or cigarette lighter
DE102007050342B3 (de) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Hofsaess, Marcel P. Schalter mit einem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk
DE102011119633B3 (de) * 2011-11-22 2013-04-11 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter
DE102011119637B4 (de) * 2011-11-22 2013-06-06 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängiger Schalter mit einem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Schalters
DE102019110448B4 (de) * 2019-04-23 2024-10-10 Marcel P. HOFSAESS Temperaturabhängige Schalter und Verfahren zur Herstellung der temperaturabhängigen Schalter

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US3014104A (en) * 1958-12-12 1961-12-19 Gen Electric Electrical contacts
GB1356575A (en) * 1970-07-15 1974-06-12 Dreamland Electrical Appliance Variable snap-action electrical switch contact assembly and an electrical energy regulating device provided with such a contact assembly
US3656073A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-04-11 Teledyne Inc Electrical relay with magnetic armature retention means
DE2121802C3 (de) * 1971-05-03 1974-10-24 Thermik-Geraetebau Gmbh + Co, 7530 Pforzheim Temperaturwächter
DE2434071A1 (de) * 1974-07-16 1976-01-29 Eberle Werke Kg Temperaturregler
DE7521349U (de) * 1975-07-03 1975-11-27 Lgz Landis & Gyr Zug Ag Kontaktfedernpaar, Kontaktbrücke o.dgl. Schaltelemente
US4039993A (en) * 1976-06-04 1977-08-02 Mechanical Products Over temperature limit switch
DE2917482C2 (de) * 1979-04-30 1982-11-25 Peter 7530 Pforzheim Hofsäss Übertemperaturschutzschalter
JPS5744929A (en) * 1980-08-29 1982-03-13 Aisin Seiki Temperature switch
DE3122899C2 (de) * 1981-06-10 1984-10-11 Peter 7530 Pforzheim Hofsäss Temperaturschalter
US4490704A (en) * 1983-09-14 1984-12-25 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermally responsive switching device
IT1181972B (it) * 1985-06-24 1987-09-30 Texas Instruments Italia Spa Perfezionato nei termostati mono temperatura ad elemento bimetallico
DE3710672C2 (de) * 1987-03-31 1997-05-15 Hofsaes Geb Zeitz Ulrika Temperaturwächter mit einem Gehäuse
US4822959A (en) * 1988-01-25 1989-04-18 Schwab-Koplin Assoc., Inc. Electrical switch having a snap-acting switch element
JP2899550B2 (ja) * 1995-08-30 1999-06-02 ウチヤ・サーモスタット株式会社 サーマルプロテクタ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6054916A (en) 2000-04-25
ATE295994T1 (de) 2005-06-15
PT887827E (pt) 2005-07-29
DE19727383C2 (de) 1999-07-29
EP0887827A2 (fr) 1998-12-30
ES2242244T3 (es) 2005-11-01
EP0887827A3 (fr) 1999-06-16
DE19727383A1 (de) 1999-02-04
DE59812803D1 (de) 2005-06-23

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