EP0886160A2 - Dispositif pour système de transmission en espace libre - Google Patents

Dispositif pour système de transmission en espace libre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0886160A2
EP0886160A2 EP98116702A EP98116702A EP0886160A2 EP 0886160 A2 EP0886160 A2 EP 0886160A2 EP 98116702 A EP98116702 A EP 98116702A EP 98116702 A EP98116702 A EP 98116702A EP 0886160 A2 EP0886160 A2 EP 0886160A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mirror
light beam
light
telescope
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98116702A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0886160B1 (fr
EP0886160A3 (fr
Inventor
Edgar Dr. Fischer
Reinhard Hanno Dr. Czichy
Saverio Sanvido
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RUAG Space AG
Original Assignee
Contraves Space AG
Oerlikon Contraves AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contraves Space AG, Oerlikon Contraves AG filed Critical Contraves Space AG
Publication of EP0886160A2 publication Critical patent/EP0886160A2/fr
Publication of EP0886160A3 publication Critical patent/EP0886160A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0886160B1 publication Critical patent/EP0886160B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/118—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum specially adapted for satellite communication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
    • G02B23/08—Periscopes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for optical free space transmission systems, especially for the optical transmission of messages in free space between a news source and a news sink.
  • Fiber optic communication systems have wired data transmission Revolutionized especially over large distances within a few years. So systems that are already in operation today with regard to the available ones Bandwidth as the previously dominating directional radio systems superior in every respect be considered. Only mobile communication is capable of this progress only indirectly to benefit from the more powerful fixed network, since it is also cellular Radio networks on part of the transmission path have narrow-band and interference-prone radio channels have to use. When transmitting over or between satellites are also still have to overcome long distances, which large transmission powers and antennas force, which in turn strives for space travel as compact and run counter to light systems. Therefore, the fiber-optic communication technology efforts, the advantages of which suitable systems for optical communication through the free space too use.
  • Mirror telescopes are known in so-called coaxial construction in numerous embodiments, the systems according to Gregory, Cassegrain and Schmidt (Eugene Hecht, Optics, Second Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts, USA, pages 197, 198) are mentioned.
  • an additional diaphragm is required, which is the one through the secondary mirror and its suspension favored reflection of scattered light in the direction of the prevented from receiving light.
  • the simultaneous use of such a telescope to emit a light wave and to receive an oppositely incident one Lightwave generally has significant disadvantages, since the secondary mirror is mentioned together with the hanging device part of the powerful transmitted light wave in Direction of the simultaneously incident light wave is reflected and interference is superimposed leads. With a strong loss in image quality this problem by using an oblique mirror telescope proposed by Kutter be circumvented. However, the aberrations mentioned lead to waste of valuable transmission power.
  • a method described in Swiss patent application No. 1997 1153/97 for optical communication between satellites orbiting in the same direction on parallel and relatively low orbits requires a large number of optical terminals on each satellite, which should also limit their respective detection range as little as possible by mutual coverage.
  • the distances to be bridged already require a departure from systems based on lens optics, whereas the weight of the mirror optics should be extremely low due to the large number of systems installed on the individual satellites.
  • the invention includes an optical communication system, the optical components among other things include a telescope that in a conventional design as a mirror telescope is executed.
  • the reception direction takes place by means of a single planar mirror, which is attached diagonally to the outer opening of the telescope in the form of a periscope is and is fully rotatable about the optical axis of the telescope.
  • the planar Mirror is in its reflective surface opposite the optical axis of the telescope installed at an angle of 45 degrees and can be adjusted from this angle by a few degrees adjust differently.
  • Such an optical device can be implemented in various ways.
  • a specially shaped component (Axicon) can be used, or a holographic one Phase grating, which is particularly important in the case of more complex adaptations transmitting light beam can be applied.
  • a holographic one Phase grating which is particularly important in the case of more complex adaptations transmitting light beam can be applied.
  • an ensemble of four tilted plane parallel plates used to generate four eccentric beams will.
  • One advantage is the avoidance of overcoupling of the light beam to be transmitted the optical receiver of the device and the faults that occur with it. Farther there is an economic use of the optical produced with great effort Transmission power, which is particularly advantageous in that it is a multiple optical pump power must be generated, which in turn multiples electrical power required for generation.
  • Another advantage of the mechanical structure according to the invention is its use a single mirror that can be rotated mechanically around two axes for rough alignment of the light beam to be sent and the direction of reception.
  • a larger refractive power mirror of the telescope results extremely low weight of the optical subsystem, which can be reduced even further can, provided that part of the rotatably mounted mirror which is covered is not illuminated by light through the secondary mirror of the telescope, through a central one Recess is removed.
  • This central recess can also be the suspension device of the mirror or an optical beacon.
  • a carrier 8 Connected by a carrier 8 , a transmitter unit 10 , an acquisition unit 14 , a receiver unit 16 and a core unit 12 are arranged around the body of the telescope 2 .
  • the core unit 12 effects the coupling of a light beam 20 to be transmitted into the telescope and the division of the received light into the receiving unit 16 and the acquisition unit 14 .
  • the light beam 20 to be transmitted merges into a collimated light beam 4 which has an annular intensity distribution perpendicular to its direction of propagation.
  • the outside diameter of the light beam and the diameter of its inner recess 6 are determined by the area of a main mirror 22 and the diaphragm effect of a secondary mirror 24 , regardless of the effect of an axicon 26 , the task of which is to optimize the illumination of the main mirror.
  • the optimization takes place in that the collimated light beam 18 is converted into a divergent light beam 28 by light refraction or other methods, which radially symmetrically illuminates the solid angle region around the optical axis of the telescope 2 which, after reflection on the plane secondary mirror 24 and a further reflection and reshaping on the main mirror 22 is free of major obstacles.
  • a particularly large part of the optical power guided in the collimated beam 18 is emitted via the collimated beam 4 , and there is also very little retroreflection of light to be transmitted into the receiving unit 16 .
  • an optical system 27 containing the axicon 26 or similar devices is already integrated in the transmission unit 10 and effects a light beam 20 to be transmitted which is provided with a central recess, which passes into the light beam 18 and, after passing through the telescope, has the shape of the Light beam 4 assumes.
  • An optical device containing an axicon 26 or a comparable component can also be installed anywhere in the beam path between the position shown in FIG. 2 with the axicon 26 and the transmission unit 10 in order to achieve the desired effect described above.
  • the transmission unit 10 , the acquisition unit 14 and the reception unit 16 are interchanged with one another in any manner, the optical system likewise being positioned at any location in the beam path between the transmission unit 10 and the location designated by the axicon 26 in FIG. 2 can.
  • FIG. 3 The integration of the modules shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in an optical transmission system is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the telescope 2 is flanged to an annular housing 32 , which at the same time contains a cable drum 34 , which, when closed by a cover 36 , carries lines leading into an azimuthally rotatable head part 38 with corresponding rotary movements.
  • the telescopic unit 2 and subsystems attached to it are enclosed by a trough-shaped housing 30 .
  • Rotary movements of the head part 38 about the azimuth axis are initiated by an electric motor 40 and controlled by an angle encoder 42 .
  • the head part 38 contains a plane mirror 44 , which is inclined in the neutral position by 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis 46 of the housing 30 and is used for the rough alignment of the light beam to be transmitted and the direction of reception, which mirror mirror 38 in the head part 38 transversely to the longitudinal axis 46 of the housing 30 about a further axis 48 is rotatably mounted. Rotational movements about the axis 48 are initiated by a further electric motor 50 and controlled by means of a further angle sensor 52 .
  • a collimator 54 emits a beacon light beam to support the establishment of a connection with another optical transmission system, which is likewise deflected and aligned by means of the mirror 44 .
  • the collimator 54 can be attached to the transmitted light beam 4 in the beam direction in a line to the secondary mirror 24 or parallel to the light beam 4 in order to avoid the weakening.
  • the head part 38 is provided with a diaphragm 56 in order to avoid light being scattered in from the side.
  • the telescope 2 is, as shown in FIG. 4 in a sagittal section, closed with a quartz glass plate 58 which is slightly angled in order to avoid backscattering to the axis 46 , in order to protect the optics underneath from particle and gamma radiation.
  • a quartz glass plate 58 As can be seen from a mirror 45 shown rotated about the axis 48 in relation to the mirror 44 in FIG.
  • the direction of reception and the direction of the emitted light can be influenced to a limited extent in the elevation angle.
  • the special purpose of the communication system according to the invention permits this restriction, which permits the simultaneous operation of a large number of terminals on an assembly level 60 of a satellite, without these mutually restricting one another in their detection area to a great extent. If the collimator 54 for emitting the beacon light required to establish the connection to another optical transmission system is mounted in the position shown in FIGS . 3 and 4 , taking into account the partial shading of the mirror 44 used for the rough alignment given the secondary mirror 24 a mass reduction thereof can be achieved by completely removing the central shaded area 62 according to FIG. 5 .
  • a further reduction in the mass of the mirror 44 can be carried out according to the method already described in the Swiss patent application No. 1996 2988/96 , in which the body of the mirror 44 extends over its entire surface facing away from the reflecting layer with closely adjoining to just below the reflective layer is provided with blind-hole-like recesses, the structure of which approximates the weight-saving honeycomb structure known in aircraft construction.
  • the completely removed shaded area 62 of the mirror 44 is also suitable for receiving a fit, on which the mirror 44 is alternatively connected to the head piece 38 so as to be rotatable about one or two axes.
  • the axicon 26 required to form a divergent light beam illuminating the required solid angle range is designed as a lens body, the surface of which is conical ( FIG.
  • the divergent light reflected by the secondary mirror 24 and limited by an inner and an outer cone light beam 28 is generated.
  • Conventional lenses limit the light beam by two cones with different opening angles.
  • a conventional lens with an Axicon 26 can take place in that the spherical surface of a lens is conically distorted or the front and back of the body of such an element have a conical or spherical surface.
  • the Axicon 26 can also be replaced by a holographic phase grating 64 according to FIG. 7 described in the European patent application EP Pat. Application 97109111.1 . Its effect is based on the controlled disturbance of the phase curve along the front of an originally flat light wave. As shown in FIG. 7 , this disturbance occurs through the irradiation of an optically denser medium 66 , the surface of which has recesses that are rotationally symmetrical in a constant period.
  • the originally flat wavefront is divided into circular zones which are opposite phase to one another and which, in the first order, are rotationally symmetrical to the optical axis at an angle determined by the mutual spacing of these zones and by the wavelength, but destructively interfere in the direction of the optical axis.
  • the optical system 27 according to FIG. 8 consists of a glass body which is delimited by two cones of the same opening angle which are displaced relative to one another and converts a collimated light beam 68 by means of double rotationally symmetrical diffraction at its interfaces into a rotationally symmetrical collimated light beam 70 with a rotationally symmetrical central recess 72 .
  • a system 27 shown in FIG. 9 consists of four correspondingly machined and joined plane-parallel plates 74 , which in four angular ranges produce climatic partial beams separated from one another in cloverleaf form, which not only leave out a square core area, but also leave a cruciform area unilluminated, with which the lighting can be avoided by holding webs provided for the secondary mirror 24 .
  • the system shown in FIG. 9 can also be composed of only three plane-parallel plates 74 , or any number, with an infinite number of plates 74 signifying the transition into the conical shape according to FIG. 8 .
  • the part of the collimated light beam 18 that is coupled into the receiving system 16 is coupled into a single-mode optical waveguide 82 by means of a lens 76 or a more complex optical device, which is attached to the optical waveguide 82 by means of actuators 86 that are orthogonal to one another is directed into the light to be coupled.
  • a directional coupler 78 this is superimposed with the light of a local oscillator laser brought in in another optical waveguide 84 in order to be fed via the two remaining gates of the directional coupler 78 to two photodiodes 80 , the photocurrent of which is fed to a balanced receiver.
  • the devices used for shaping the light beam according to FIGS. 7 , 8 and 9 are replaced in a further embodiment by a fixed arrangement of waveguides, each of which emits a partial beam of a bundle of collimated parallel light beams, with the arrangement of the waveguides corresponding recesses are created in the overall beam.
EP19980116702 1998-01-23 1998-09-03 Dispositif pour système de transmission en espace libre Expired - Lifetime EP0886160B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH160/98 1998-01-23
CH16098 1998-01-23
CH16098 1998-01-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0886160A2 true EP0886160A2 (fr) 1998-12-23
EP0886160A3 EP0886160A3 (fr) 1999-09-15
EP0886160B1 EP0886160B1 (fr) 2001-05-23

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EP19980116702 Expired - Lifetime EP0886160B1 (fr) 1998-01-23 1998-09-03 Dispositif pour système de transmission en espace libre

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0886160B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11261492A (fr)
CA (1) CA2244070A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59800748D1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1199822A2 (fr) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. Télescope pour un système de communication optique sans fil en espace libre
DE102006030421A1 (de) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Carl Zeiss Optronics Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Übertragung optischer Signale
DE202007012193U1 (de) 2007-08-30 2009-01-08 Carl Zeiss Optronics Gmbh Vorrichtung für ein optisches Freiraum-Übertragungssystem und Freiraumübertragungssystem
WO2015009341A1 (fr) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-22 The Boeing Company Procédé d'extraction d'énergie optique à partir d'un faisceau optique
CN104393932A (zh) * 2014-11-20 2015-03-04 中国科学院光电技术研究所 一种量子通信地面站望远镜光轴实时修正方法
WO2023060450A1 (fr) * 2021-10-12 2023-04-20 Beijing Sinaero Information And Communication Technology Limited Ensemble de pointage optique grossier

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4689798B2 (ja) * 2000-07-26 2011-05-25 Ｎｅｃ東芝スペースシステム株式会社 反射鏡駆動装置
US6608708B1 (en) * 2000-07-28 2003-08-19 Terabeam Corporation System and method for using a holographic optical element in a wireless telecommunication system receiver

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2538916A1 (fr) * 1982-12-30 1984-07-06 Thomson Csf Dispositif et procede de preparation collective de fibres optiques par un traitement thermique
US5142400A (en) * 1989-12-26 1992-08-25 Cubic Corporation Method and apparatus for automatic acquisition and alignment of an optical beam communication link
EP0607906A1 (fr) * 1993-01-19 1994-07-27 Atr Optical And Radio Communications Research Laboratories Système de réglage d'alignement pour l'utilisation dans un système d'émetteur-récepteur optique
US5390040A (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-02-14 Martin Marietta Corporation Optical transceiver for free-space communication links
US5517016A (en) * 1994-03-31 1996-05-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Lasercom system architecture with reduced complexity
EP0766115A1 (fr) * 1995-09-26 1997-04-02 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Système d'éclairage avec micro-télescope intégré dans une plaque transparente

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2538916A1 (fr) * 1982-12-30 1984-07-06 Thomson Csf Dispositif et procede de preparation collective de fibres optiques par un traitement thermique
US5142400A (en) * 1989-12-26 1992-08-25 Cubic Corporation Method and apparatus for automatic acquisition and alignment of an optical beam communication link
EP0607906A1 (fr) * 1993-01-19 1994-07-27 Atr Optical And Radio Communications Research Laboratories Système de réglage d'alignement pour l'utilisation dans un système d'émetteur-récepteur optique
US5390040A (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-02-14 Martin Marietta Corporation Optical transceiver for free-space communication links
US5517016A (en) * 1994-03-31 1996-05-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Lasercom system architecture with reduced complexity
EP0766115A1 (fr) * 1995-09-26 1997-04-02 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Système d'éclairage avec micro-télescope intégré dans une plaque transparente

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BONDURANT R S ET AL: "AN OPTO-MECHANICAL SUBSYSTEM FOR SPACE BASED COHERENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATION" HIGH DATA RATE ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, BOSTON, 8 - 9 SEPT., 1988, Nr. VOL. 996, 8. September 1988, Seiten 92-100, XP000041319 HAUPTMAN R *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1199822A2 (fr) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. Télescope pour un système de communication optique sans fil en espace libre
EP1199822A3 (fr) * 2000-10-05 2002-05-02 Lucent Technologies Inc. Télescope pour un système de communication optique sans fil en espace libre
DE102006030421A1 (de) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Carl Zeiss Optronics Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Übertragung optischer Signale
DE202007012193U1 (de) 2007-08-30 2009-01-08 Carl Zeiss Optronics Gmbh Vorrichtung für ein optisches Freiraum-Übertragungssystem und Freiraumübertragungssystem
WO2015009341A1 (fr) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-22 The Boeing Company Procédé d'extraction d'énergie optique à partir d'un faisceau optique
US9274344B2 (en) 2013-07-15 2016-03-01 The Boeing Company Method for extracting optical energy from an optical beam
CN104393932A (zh) * 2014-11-20 2015-03-04 中国科学院光电技术研究所 一种量子通信地面站望远镜光轴实时修正方法
CN104393932B (zh) * 2014-11-20 2017-02-01 中国科学院光电技术研究所 一种量子通信地面站望远镜光轴实时修正方法
WO2023060450A1 (fr) * 2021-10-12 2023-04-20 Beijing Sinaero Information And Communication Technology Limited Ensemble de pointage optique grossier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0886160B1 (fr) 2001-05-23
JPH11261492A (ja) 1999-09-24
DE59800748D1 (de) 2001-06-28
EP0886160A3 (fr) 1999-09-15
CA2244070A1 (fr) 1999-07-23

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