EP1730546A1 - Telemetre electronique a selectivite spectrale et spatiale - Google Patents

Telemetre electronique a selectivite spectrale et spatiale

Info

Publication number
EP1730546A1
EP1730546A1 EP05729624A EP05729624A EP1730546A1 EP 1730546 A1 EP1730546 A1 EP 1730546A1 EP 05729624 A EP05729624 A EP 05729624A EP 05729624 A EP05729624 A EP 05729624A EP 1730546 A1 EP1730546 A1 EP 1730546A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
filter component
distance meter
spectral
fiber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP05729624A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Braunecker
Peter Kipfer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leica Geosystems AG
Original Assignee
Leica Geosystems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leica Geosystems AG filed Critical Leica Geosystems AG
Publication of EP1730546A1 publication Critical patent/EP1730546A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/4812—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver transmitted and received beams following a coaxial path

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic rangefinder with spectral and spatial selectivity according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a useful signal of the distance measurement must be obtained from a radiation background. Its intensity can be many times greater than the intensities of the useful signal. However, due to its properties, this useful signal can be separated from the background by spectral or spatially formed filters. In most cases, the measurement signal is emitted parallel or coaxial with the axis of the transmitter, so that the signal is reflected back from the most diffuse surface to be measured in the direction of the axis of the transmitter. In addition, the spectral range of the emitted light can be chosen so that the broadband background radiation can be separated by spectrally selective reflection or absorption.
  • a typical field of application of such rangefinders for airborne or space-based applications with LIDAR systems in which exclusively or in parallel with the recording of further sizes a distance measurement to objects or surfaces takes place and in which a large proportion of extraneous or interfering radiation is received.
  • Special requirements apply to systems used on board aircraft or spacecraft, as there are usually strict weight restrictions.
  • So a satellite, which scans the topography of a celestial body with LIDAR from a circumpolar orbit should be able to cope with the different conditions of the day and night side of a planet.
  • the tag side provides an extreme amount of background radiation, from which the LIDAR signal to be used has to be obtained.
  • Similar difficulties can also occur in earthy or airborne applications over strongly radiating or reflecting ground, such as ice, water or desert sand.
  • a multi-stage filtering concept with broadband spectral, narrow band and spatial filters is used.
  • the spectrally broad portion of the filters has two separate ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) reflective filters.
  • the UV filter component consists of a dielectric multilayer coating on the outside facing side of the instrument aperture.
  • the filter component can, for example, as a layer a ZnSe plate in the aperture are mounted, with wavelengths below 600 nm are reflected without absorption, while higher wavelengths are transmitted without absorption.
  • Such filters are very complex, but technically feasible due to the restriction to one spectral range.
  • the IR filter component is downstream of the UV filter component and has a gold level which is non-absorbent for this wavelength band.
  • the ZnSe support material of the UV filter component in turn ensures absorption-free radiation transport between the two mirrors.
  • a spatial filter component is caused by the direct or indirect focusing of the radiation on the sensor used for the reception, wherein the sensor surface acts as a field stop.
  • the aperture effect can also be supplemented or replaced by a fiber upstream of the sensor.
  • the side of the ZnSe plate facing away from the outside can be suitably shaped, e.g. as a single lens or even lens arrangement.
  • the gold layer of the IR filter component is then arranged in or near the focal plane of the lens, so that in interaction any radiation incident outside the nadir direction is reflected.
  • the narrow-band spectral filter component is compact, eg as a Fabry-Perot interferometer or fiber grating, with a bandwidth of ⁇ 1 nm around the LIDAR wavelength, so that in the nadir direction any radiation outside this range is suppressed.
  • the useful radiation of the LIDAR system can be separated from the background radiation, heating being avoided by the reflection.
  • This 'thermal load' represents a critical and minimized size, especially for satellites, since the necessary cooling power has to be taken from the existing power supply.
  • recordings can also be made against strongly emitting surfaces, e.g. the daytime side of a solar planet, in particular without any special cooling devices, resulting in reductions in mass of approximately 1.3 kg.
  • the inside of the ZnSe plate can be designed as a 10 ⁇ 10 multilens array (lenslet array), so that a short focal length and thus a short design can be achieved with the same numerical aperture.
  • the lenses can direct the received radiation into the entrance opening of a downstream fiber, these fibers being guided to either a separate detector or to a common detector.
  • the narrow-band filter component can be arranged between the fiber end and the detector.
  • the connection and mechanical fixation of lens arrangement and fibers can be realized by a hexagonal, honeycomb-like structure of beryllium, so that at low weight resilient structures can be ensured.
  • a remaining disadvantage is the spatial distribution of transmitter and receiver components. Although a compact design is basically feasible by the embodiment shown, nevertheless separate transmitters and receivers have a different beam path and an offset of their axes. In addition, different types of components must be integrated into an array, resulting in increased engineering complexity and increased manufacturing effort. In addition, because of the available area, the powers of transmitter and receiver are limited, since an increase in the number or area of the transmit apertures reduces the receiver apertures.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a rangefinder, in particular for telescope systems, which is structurally simplified.
  • Another object is to provide a rangefinder with improved utilization of the available space, area and weight limits.
  • the invention relates to an electronic rangefinder with spectral and spatial selectivity, in particular for telescopic arrangements for earth- or space-based applications.
  • the fiber arranged downstream of the spectrally wideband filter components is formed by a fiber laser, which is used as a common component for transmitter and receiver.
  • light is generated by a pump laser and coupled into one of the end faces of the fiber laser.
  • the generated laser emission is used for the measurement and when receiving after passing through the broadband filter components back into the fiber laser, but now from the other end side ago, coupled and guided by this. Since pump and laser light have different spectral ranges, both portions can be separated from each other.
  • a time discrimination can be introduced, which takes into account the time delay through the finite duration of the lidar signal and back. After leaving the fiber laser, the reflected light is guided via the narrow-band filter component onto the sensor.
  • Fig.l show the schematic representation of the effect of broadband Fil erkomponenten
  • 2 shows the schematic representation of the interaction of the various components
  • FIG. 4 shows the schematic representation of the arrangement relationship for realizing a second embodiment according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the schematic representation of the interaction of the various other components.
  • the spatial filter component 6 which is designed here as a fiber. Equally, however, this effect can also be effected by a diaphragm or the limitation of a sensor surface.
  • the IR filter component 4 is shifted into the focus or fiber input, wherein the representation selected here is purely schematic and in particular the size ratios of fiber and IR filter component 4 are not shown exactly. Any radiation outside the nadir direction will be reflected by this arrangement.
  • the narrow-band filter component 7 As the third spectral filter component, which may be formed, for example, as a Fabry-Perot interferometer or a reflective grating structure.
  • the incident radiation S is separated with respect to its spectral and directional components, with a large part of the radiation being reflected in order to avoid or at least reduce the heating of the rangefinder.
  • other components of the beam path such as lenses, are omitted in this illustration.
  • FIG. 3 describes the schematic representation of a first embodiment according to the invention with the filter steps shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • Incident radiation S is guided via the UV filter component 1, ZnSe plate 2 with the lens structure 2a and the IR filter component 4. After passing through this IR filter component 4, the radiation is coupled either into the multimode part of the fiber (case A) or via a microlens 5 into the active one Fiber core 6a for intensity amplification (case B).
  • the end of the fiber located at the detector end must be provided with an intensity stop 6b, but in case B with a fast switch, eg in the manner of a Q-switch.
  • the fiber laser has, for example, an active fiber core 6a of 4 micrometers in diameter, the multi-mode structure having a diameter of about 100 micrometers.
  • the received radiation S is guided through the fiber laser and finally guided to the sensor 11 via a first lens 8a, a dichroic beam splitter 10, the narrow-band filter component 7 and a second lens 8b.
  • the arrangement is also used for emitting the measuring radiation ES used for the measurement in parallel with this reception beam path.
  • a pumping light source 9 emits light which is transmitted through a third lens 8c. is collimated and coupled via the beam splitter 10 and the first lens 8a in the fiber laser.
  • the fiber laser on a receiver-side terminating element 6b, which covers the active fiber core 6a optically.
  • the measuring radiation ES generated by the fiber laser is brought into the beam profile desired for the emission via a telescope arrangement of microlens 5 and lens structure 2a.
  • the optical Fiber is thus operated in a forward mode of operation as a fiber laser in emission mode, whereas in a reverse mode of operation the fiber serves as a spatial filter component 6 'of the receiver.
  • FIG. Shown is purely schematically the arrangement relationship of the fibers for the realization of a second embodiment according to the invention.
  • the ZnSe plate 2 ' now has several lens structures. 2a 'read multi-lens array, each associated with a fiber as a spatial filter component 6'. Between each lens structure 2a 'and the associated fiber input, the IR filter component 4 is mounted. This can be formed separately as a continuous structure, but also for each fiber. For ease of illustration, other components, such as e.g. Microlenses, not shown. From each fiber measuring radiation ES is generated as a fiber laser, which in turn is emitted by means of the associated lens structure 2a '.
  • downstream components of the fibers can also be formed or used for each fiber separately or for all or several fibers together.
  • one fiber can be assigned to a single sensor.
  • Radiation of multiple fibers are passed to a common sensor.
  • multiple fibers may be pumped from a common light source or, as shown in FIG. 3, may have its own pumping light source.
  • each fiber By forming each fiber as a receiver and transmitter, standardization of the various apertures in an array can be achieved, so that both manufacturing and operational advantages, e.g. Coaxial arrangement of transmitter and receiver, follow, but also an optimized use of the available space or the area and weight can be achieved.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un télémètre, notamment pour des ensembles télescopes dans des applications terrestres ou spatiales, pour la saisie de surfaces. Ce télémètre comprend au moins une source de rayonnement, qui émet un rayonnement électromagnétique (ES) vers une cible à mesurer, une unité réceptrice dotée d'un capteur (11) pour recevoir le rayonnement (S) réfléchi par la cible et en déduire des informations relatives à des distances, ainsi qu'un premier élément de filtrage spectral (4). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que la zone angulaire de réception du rayonnement (S) réfléchi est limitée par au moins un élément de filtrage spatial (6'), notamment par un laser à fibre en tant que source de rayonnement et élément de réception.
EP05729624A 2004-04-02 2005-04-01 Telemetre electronique a selectivite spectrale et spatiale Ceased EP1730546A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US55858004P 2004-04-02 2004-04-02
PCT/EP2005/051478 WO2005096009A1 (fr) 2004-04-02 2005-04-01 Telemetre electronique a selectivite spectrale et spatiale

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1730546A1 true EP1730546A1 (fr) 2006-12-13

Family

ID=34963110

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05729624A Ceased EP1730546A1 (fr) 2004-04-02 2005-04-01 Telemetre electronique a selectivite spectrale et spatiale

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7436492B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1730546A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007530964A (fr)
CN (1) CN1942780B (fr)
AU (1) AU2005229207B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2561838C (fr)
WO (1) WO2005096009A1 (fr)

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US7433042B1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2008-10-07 Surface Optics Corporation Spatially corrected full-cubed hyperspectral imager
US8154712B2 (en) * 2008-07-23 2012-04-10 Corning Incorporated Insertion of laser path in multiple field of view reflective telescope
US9823351B2 (en) 2012-12-18 2017-11-21 Uber Technologies, Inc. Multi-clad fiber based optical apparatus and methods for light detection and ranging sensors
US9470520B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-10-18 Apparate International C.V. LiDAR scanner
CN106463565B (zh) 2013-11-22 2018-06-01 优步技术公司 激光雷达扫描仪校准
CN104035098A (zh) * 2014-06-19 2014-09-10 仲炳华 散光式光线测距仪
DE102015217910A1 (de) * 2015-09-18 2017-03-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Lidarsensor mit optischem Filter
EP3563180A4 (fr) 2016-12-30 2020-08-19 Innovusion Ireland Limited Conception lidar à longueurs d'onde multiples
US11927696B2 (en) 2018-02-21 2024-03-12 Innovusion, Inc. LiDAR systems with fiber optic coupling
US11391823B2 (en) 2018-02-21 2022-07-19 Innovusion, Inc. LiDAR detection systems and methods with high repetition rate to observe far objects
US20190257924A1 (en) * 2018-02-22 2019-08-22 Innovusion Ireland Limited Receive path for lidar system
US11422234B2 (en) 2018-02-23 2022-08-23 Innovusion, Inc. Distributed lidar systems
US11579300B1 (en) 2018-08-21 2023-02-14 Innovusion, Inc. Dual lens receive path for LiDAR system
US20200150239A1 (en) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-14 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Lidar sensor assembly with optic for light diffusion and filtering
EP3842826A1 (fr) * 2019-12-23 2021-06-30 Yandex Self Driving Group LLC Procédés et systèmes de détection lidar comportant un filtre fbg

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US20020075472A1 (en) * 2000-09-22 2002-06-20 Holton Carvel E. Optical fiber ceilometer for meteorological cloud altitude sensing

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2561838C (fr) 2014-02-18
AU2005229207A1 (en) 2005-10-13
CN1942780A (zh) 2007-04-04
AU2005229207B2 (en) 2009-11-19
US7436492B2 (en) 2008-10-14
WO2005096009A1 (fr) 2005-10-13
US20070188735A1 (en) 2007-08-16
CA2561838A1 (fr) 2005-10-13
JP2007530964A (ja) 2007-11-01
CN1942780B (zh) 2012-07-04

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