EP0884399B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Stahlfeder, Stahlfeder und Stahl zur Herstellung der Stahlfeder - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Stahlfeder, Stahlfeder und Stahl zur Herstellung der Stahlfeder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0884399B1
EP0884399B1 EP98401309A EP98401309A EP0884399B1 EP 0884399 B1 EP0884399 B1 EP 0884399B1 EP 98401309 A EP98401309 A EP 98401309A EP 98401309 A EP98401309 A EP 98401309A EP 0884399 B1 EP0884399 B1 EP 0884399B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
steel
layer
hrc
nitrided
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98401309A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0884399A1 (de
Inventor
Gilles Auclair
Fabrice Lecouturier
Jean-Paul Lebrun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ascometal SA
Original Assignee
Ascometal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ascometal SA filed Critical Ascometal SA
Publication of EP0884399A1 publication Critical patent/EP0884399A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0884399B1 publication Critical patent/EP0884399B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of steel springs intended for be in high demand.
  • this type of spring it is known to use drawn wires in steel whose chemical composition comprises, by weight, from 0.53% to 0.6% of carbon, from 1.2% to 1.6% of silicon, from 0.5% to 0.7% of manganese, from 0.5% to 0.8% chromium, possibly 0.15% to 0.2% vanadium, the rest being iron and impurities resulting from processing.
  • the wires are hot or cold formed to obtain springs which are then forced to a temperature which does not exceed not 400 ° C, in order to release the stresses due to forming, then shot blasted and, finally, covered with a layer of lacquer to protect them against corrosion.
  • a steel is proposed for the manufacture a nitrided spring containing by weight, from 0.4 to 0.8% C, 0.8 to 4% Si, 0.2 to 2% Mn, 0.4 to 3% Cr and at least one element V (0.05 to 0.5%), Nb (0.05 to 0.50%), Ni (0.2 to 2%) and Mo (0.1 to 1%), the rest of the steel consisting of iron and impurities inevitable.
  • the nitrided layer has a thickness of at least 70 ⁇ m and the spring core hardness is at least 470 HV (46.9 HRC).
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above, by proposing a process for the manufacture of springs with high characteristics having on their surface a hard layer comprising significant residual compressive stresses, which can be produced under satisfactory conditions.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a steel spring according to which a drawn wire of steel is supplied, the chemical composition of which comprises, by weight: 0.4% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.7% 1 ⁇ If ⁇ 1.7% 0.4% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 1% 0.3% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 1% 0% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 0.2% 0% ⁇ V ⁇ 0.2% the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from processing.
  • the drawn wire is subjected to quenching followed by tempering at a temperature Tr less than or equal to 500 ° C. adjusted to obtain a tensile strength Rm greater than or equal to 1900 MPa.
  • a spring blank is formed and a nitriding surface treatment is carried out on the spring blank at a temperature below the tempering temperature Tr so as to obtain a nitrided surface layer whose nitrogen content is greater than 0.4% over at least the first 20 ⁇ m, said nitrided layer being free from a white surface layer consisting of nitrides ⁇ and having a surface hardness greater than 64HRC and a thickness greater than 150 ⁇ m, the core hardness of the spring being greater than 50 HRC.
  • the nitriding treatment can, for example, be a treatment of ionic nitriding.
  • the chemical composition of the steel is such that: 0.57% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.6% 1.5% ⁇ If ⁇ 1.6% 0.65% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.7% 0.7% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.8% 0.05% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 0.08% 0.15% ⁇ V ⁇ 0.2% the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from processing.
  • the invention also relates to a steel whose chemical composition comprises, by weight: 0.57% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.6% 1.5% ⁇ If ⁇ 1.6% 0.65% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.7% 0.7% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.8% 0.05% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 0.08% 0.15% ⁇ V ⁇ 0.2% the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the production, as well as a spring made of this steel, and comprising on its surface a nitrided layer whose thickness is greater than 150 ⁇ m and the surface hardness is greater than 64 HRC ; the nitrogen content of the nitrided layer is greater than 0.4% over at least the first 20 ⁇ m, and the nitrided layer is free from a white surface layer consisting of nitrides ⁇ ; the spring core hardness is greater than 50 HRC.
  • the wire thus obtained is then cold formed to obtain a spring blank helical.
  • the wire can also be hot formed, the quenching treatment and of income is, then, carried out on the draft of coil spring, and not on the thread.
  • the coil spring blank is then subjected to a treatment of ionic nitriding, known in itself, and carried out at a temperature slightly lower, for example from 15 ° C to 20 ° C, than the effective tempering temperature.
  • the ionic treatment has a sufficient duration, generally from 5 to 20 hours, so as to obtain a nitrided surface layer with a surface hardness greater than 60 HRC, and of thickness greater than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the nitrogen content of the layer nitrided surface is about 1.8% at the extreme surface, and decreases regularly with the depth below the surface. At 50 ⁇ m or even 100 ⁇ m below the surface, the nitrogen content is still more than 0.4%.
  • the nitrided layer does not have a white surface layer consisting of nitrides ⁇ , which is an advantage, because the white layer encountered usually is very brittle and therefore decreases the endurance of the springs nitrided.
  • this treatment has the advantage, on the one hand, of not deteriorating the mechanical characteristics of the steel at the heart of the spring, and in particular of maintain a core hardness greater than 50 HRC, on the other hand, to generate residual compression stresses which may exceed, on the surface, 700 MPa, and attenuating in depth.
  • These surface compression constraints have the advantage of reducing the risk of initiation of surface cracks under the effect of spring stresses.
  • helical springs were produced from a wire 14 mm in diameter, made of steel, the chemical composition of which included, in% by weight: VS Yes mn Cr MB S P V 0.584 1,510 0,690 0.746 0,063 0,019 0.006 0,180 the wire was quenched and returned to 420 ° C so as to obtain a tensile strength Rm of 2150 MPa.
  • the spring blanks were subjected to an ionic nitriding treatment carried out at 400 ° C for 11 hours.
  • the nitrided layer obtained on the surface of the springs was characterized by a surface nitrogen content of 1.8%, a nitrogen content at 20 ⁇ m below the surface of 0.4%, a thickness of the nitrided layer of 160 ⁇ m, a surface hardness greater than 64 HRC, the presence of residual compression stresses of approximately 900 MPa at 20 ⁇ m below the surface, and a core hardness greater than 52 HRC.
  • the nitrided layer was free of a white layer consisting of nitrides ⁇

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Stahlfeder, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man:
    einen gezogenen Draht aus Stahl der folgenden chemischen Zusammensetzung, auf das Gewicht bezogen, bereitstellt: 0,4% ≤ C ≤ 0,7% 1 ≤ Si ≤ 1,7% 0,4% ≤ Mn ≤ 1% 0,3% ≤ Cr ≤ 1% 0% ≤ Mo ≤ 0,2% 0% ≤ V ≤ 0,2% Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen;
    man den gezogenen Draht einer Härtung und einer Vergütungstemperatur Tr von kleiner oder gleich 500°C unterwirft, die so eingestellt ist, daß man eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von größer oder gleich 1900 MPa erreicht,
    man einen Feder-Rohling bildet,
    und den Feder-Rohling einer Oberflächen-Nitrierbehandlung bei einer Temperatur unterhalb der Vergütungstemperatur Tr unterwirft, zur Bildung einer Oberflächen-Nitrierschicht, deren Stickstoffgehalt mindestens bei den ersten 20 µm größer ist als 0,4%, welche Nitrierschicht frei ist einer weißen aus e-Nitrid gebildeten Oberflächenschicht und eine Härte von mehr als 64 HRC und eine Dicke von mehr als 150 µm aufweist, wobei die Härte im Kern der Feder größer ist als 50 HRC.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nitrierbehandlung eine ionische Nitrierbehandlung ist.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die chemische Zusammensetzung des Stahls die folgende ist: 0,57% ≤ C ≤ 0,6% 1,5% ≤ Si ≤ 1,6% 0,65% ≤ Mn ≤ 0,7% 0,7% ≤ Cr ≤ 0,8% 0,05% ≤ Mo ≤ 0,08% 0,15 ≤ V ≤ 0,2% Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen;
  4. Feder, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie gebildet ist aus einem gezogenen Draht aus Stahl, dessen chemische Zusammensetzung, bezogen auf das Gewicht, die folgende ist: 0,57% ≤ C ≤ 0,6% 1,5% ≤ Si ≤ 1,6% 0,65% ≤ Mn ≤ 0,7% 0,7% ≤ Cr ≤ 0,8% 0,05% ≤ Mo ≤ 0,08% 0,15 ≤ V ≤ 0,2% Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen, die bei einer Temperatur von unterhalb 500°C gehärtet worden ist zur Bildung eines Zugfestigkeitswertes Rm von mindestens 1900 MPa und welche auf ihrer Oberfläche eine Nitrierschicht aufweist, deren Stickstoffgehalt bei mindestens den ersten 20 µm größer ist als 0,4%, deren Dicke größer ist als 150 µm und deren Oberflächenhärte 64 HRC beträgt, wobei die Härte im Kern der Feder größer ist als 50 HRC und die Nitrierschicht frei ist von einer aus ε-Nitrid gebildeten weißen Oberflächenschicht.
  5. Stahl für die Herstellung einer Oberflächen-nitrierten Feder gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß seine chemische Zusammensetzung die folgende ist: 0,57% ≤ C ≤ 0,6% 1,5% ≤ Si ≤ 1,6% 0,65% ≤ Mn ≤ 0,7% 0.7% ≤ Cr ≤ 0,8% 0,05% ≤ Mo ≤ 0,08% 0,15 ≤ V ≤ 0,2% Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.
EP98401309A 1997-06-04 1998-06-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Stahlfeder, Stahlfeder und Stahl zur Herstellung der Stahlfeder Expired - Lifetime EP0884399B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9706848A FR2764219B1 (fr) 1997-06-04 1997-06-04 Procede de fabrication d'un ressort en acier, ressort obtenu et acier pour la fabrication d'un tel ressort
FR9706848 1997-06-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0884399A1 EP0884399A1 (de) 1998-12-16
EP0884399B1 true EP0884399B1 (de) 2002-08-14

Family

ID=9507558

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98401309A Expired - Lifetime EP0884399B1 (de) 1997-06-04 1998-06-02 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Stahlfeder, Stahlfeder und Stahl zur Herstellung der Stahlfeder

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0884399B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE222299T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69807155T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0884399T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2182243T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2764219B1 (de)
PT (1) PT884399E (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10032313A1 (de) * 2000-07-04 2002-01-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schraubenfedern aus legiertem Stahl und Verfahren zum Herstellen solcher Schraubenfedern
DE10056842B4 (de) * 2000-11-16 2005-06-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung von Druckspiralfedern

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5925024B2 (ja) * 1980-06-26 1984-06-13 株式会社神戸製鋼所 懸架ばね用鋼
US4448617A (en) * 1980-08-05 1984-05-15 Aichi Steel Works, Ltd. Steel for a vehicle suspension spring having good sag-resistance
JPS62274051A (ja) * 1986-05-21 1987-11-28 Kobe Steel Ltd 耐疲労性、耐へたり性に優れた弁ばね用鋼線
JP2613601B2 (ja) * 1987-09-25 1997-05-28 日産自動車株式会社 高強度スプリング
CA2057190C (en) * 1991-02-22 1996-04-16 Tsuyoshi Abe High strength spring steel
US5310521A (en) * 1992-11-24 1994-05-10 Stelco Inc. Steel composition for suspension springs
JPH06228734A (ja) * 1993-02-02 1994-08-16 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd クラッチダイヤフラムスプリング用鋼の製造方法
JP3142689B2 (ja) * 1993-06-29 2001-03-07 株式会社神戸製鋼所 疲労強度の優れたばね
JPH07179985A (ja) * 1993-12-24 1995-07-18 Kobe Steel Ltd 耐食性に優れた高強度懸架ばねおよびその製法
JP2783145B2 (ja) * 1993-12-28 1998-08-06 株式会社神戸製鋼所 疲労強度の優れた窒化ばね用鋼および窒化ばね
JP3173756B2 (ja) * 1994-07-28 2001-06-04 株式会社東郷製作所 コイルばねの製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69807155T2 (de) 2003-05-08
DE69807155D1 (de) 2002-09-19
EP0884399A1 (de) 1998-12-16
DK0884399T3 (da) 2002-12-09
PT884399E (pt) 2002-11-29
ES2182243T3 (es) 2003-03-01
FR2764219B1 (fr) 1999-07-16
ATE222299T1 (de) 2002-08-15
FR2764219A1 (fr) 1998-12-11

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