EP0869326A2 - Breech bolt locking for portable firearm - Google Patents

Abstract

The breech-block comprises a supporting body and a head (1). A sleeve (13) of spring sheet-metal fits between the head and body, bearing against them in the expanded position so that they cannot slide together. On closing the breech, the sleeve is formed by radial compression into a fixed cone, fitting in an annular chamber in the head or support. It thus allows locking.

Description

The invention relates to a locked handgun with a closure from a closure head and a Closure carrier, according to the preamble of claim 1.

• wobei der verschluß in Längsrichtung des Laufes von diesem weg und zu diesem hin beweglich ist und aus einem Verschlußträger und einem Verschlußkopf gebildet ist, die durch eine Verbindungsanordnung aneinander angekoppelt sind, die in den Verschlußkopf und/oder den Verschlußträger einschiebbar ist,
• in verriegelter Lage der Verschlußkopf das Verriegelungsstück hintergreift,
• beim Entriegeln zunächst der Verschlußträger sich alleine um eine Verriegelungsstrecke nach hinten bewegt, wobei durch eine Zwangssteuerung die Hintergreifung des Verriegelungsstückes durch den Verschlußkopf aufgehoben wird,
• nach dem Entriegeln sich Verschlußkopf und Verschlußträger gemeinsam, aber um die Verriegelungsstrecke versetzt für einen Nachladevorgang weiter nach hinten und wieder nach vorne bewegen,
• bis der Verschlußkopf wieder in seiner vordersten Lage angelangt ist, wonach der verschlußträger sich wieder um die Verriegelungsstrecke nach vorne bewegt und dabei die Zwangssteuerung des Verschlußkopfes zum Hintergreifen des Verriegelungsstücks bewegt.

This handgun is outlined in more detail in the preamble of claim 2 and additionally has a locking piece which is fixedly connected to the rear end of a barrel or is formed in one piece,

• the closure being movable in the longitudinal direction of the barrel and towards the latter and being formed from a closure carrier and a closure head which are coupled to one another by a connecting arrangement which can be inserted into the closure head and / or the closure carrier,
• in the locked position the locking head engages behind the locking piece,
• when unlocking, the lock carrier first moves backwards by a locking distance alone, the engagement of the locking piece by the locking head being canceled by a forced control,
• after unlocking, the locking head and locking carrier move together, but offset by the locking distance for a reloading process further back and forward again,
• until the breech head has returned to its foremost position, after which the breech carrier again moves forward by the locking distance and thereby moves the positive control of the breech head to engage behind the locking piece.

"Forward" here means the direction that pointing to the muzzle of the weapon.

The connection arrangement between the closure head and the In the simplest case, the closure carrier forms a neck that for example, is rigidly connected to the closure head and telescopic into the fastener carrier by the length of the Locking section can be inserted when the closure is locked. Such a neck can also on Closure carrier formed and in the closure head can be inserted, or can be of a separate part be formed, both in the breech head and in the closure carrier is insertable.

The locking piece is arranged to run and stationary is so when the closure is locked by the closure head attacked that of a fired cartridge at least the recoil exerted by the closure head does not moved back instantly and significantly.

The engagement between the locking head and locking piece can by means of radially extendable rollers, radially extendable Blocks or flaps or the like. nowadays is usually locked by turning the several locking lugs provided so that the locking lugs are stationary in the locking piece reach behind trained warts.

In this case, forced control is carried out by a Leading link between the locking head and Closure carrier is effective, and by supporting the Breech head in the gun case, so that the Locking head can only be turned in its foremost position.

The release can be done with a recoil loader Backward movement of the barrel and the entire breech be effected over an initial distance, so that the Closure carrier is set in motion and then the Locking head twisted, the loading movement is carried out etc. But it is particularly easy to use a gas piston the launch gases removed from the barrel, in turn sets the fastener carrier in motion.

If the locking device is constructed so that the Breech head very much when fired can perform slight backward movement, then this can Backward movement through a translation mechanism the closure carrier are applied, which in turn takes the breech head (such as the G 3 rifle).

If with any of the weapons described the full rear moving shutter moves forward and on a Cartridge from a magazine or a de-belting device comes from behind with the breech head to this Push the cartridge into the barrel, then the breech head pressed against the closure carrier, so that the positive control seeks the locking movement of the Trigger head. To prevent this, the Locking head in turn in guideways of the weapon housing guided so that this locking movement is prevented.

For example, the locking by a swing-out block then this block runs against a guide and therefore cannot swing out. In the frequent case of one rotatable breech head sits on guides, that prevent its rotation.

Breech head and guide thus move partly under strong mutual support sliding on each other, so that the wear increases and the reliability of the weapon is reduced. Just think of the effects of sand, through which the top cartridge in the magazine that counteracts with great force the magazine lip is pressed, sits even more tightly than common. The impact of sand also makes it difficult Sliding engagement between the locking head and the guide is essential.

With this problem in the special case of a special, semi-rigid locked lock deals with the German Patent No. 15 78 392 of the applicant and finds a solution which, however, several additional, finely processed Includes components and is therefore expensive.

It is expressly pointed out that the usual Longitudinal guides of the breech in the weapon housing from the are not affected because they are not significant transverse forces have to absorb.

Based on this problem, the invention is the Task based on the handgun mentioned at the beginning to further train that they are in functional safety is improved.

This should be done with the simplest possible structure.

• zwischen dem Verschlußkopf und dem Verschlußträger eine Manschette aus Federblech sitzt, die sich in aufgeweitetem Zustand zwischen dem Verschlußkopf und dem Verschlußträger abstützt und somit deren Zusammenschieben verhindert, und
• beim Schließen des Verschlusses die Manschette in einen ortsfesten Konus einläuft, der sie dabei federnd radial zusammendrückt, so daß sie in einen Ringraum im Verschlußkopf und/oder Verschlußträger einschiebbar ist und somit deren Zusammenschieben gestattet.

This object is achieved in a generic hand gun according to the invention in that

• between the breech head and the breech carrier sits a cuff made of spring plate, which is supported in the expanded state between the breech head and the breech carrier and thus prevents their being pushed together, and
• when the closure is closed, the sleeve runs into a stationary cone, which compresses it radially in a resilient manner, so that it can be pushed into an annular space in the closure head and / or closure carrier and thus permits their being pushed together.

• das Teil von Verschlußkopf oder Verschlußträger, in das die Verbindungsanordnung einschiebbar ist, um diese herum, wenn sie eingeschoben ist, einen Ringraum bildet,
• auf der Verbindungsanordnung eine längsgeteilte Manschette aus Federblech sitzt, die in radial zusammengedrücktem Zustand mindestens teilweise im Ringraum aufgenommen ist,
• wenn der Verschlußkopf und der Verschlußträger um die Verriegelungsstrecke getrennt sind und die Manschette somit aus dem Ringraum freigekommen ist, sich diese Manschette federnd soweit aufweitet, daß sie nicht mehr in den Ringraum einschiebbar ist, und
• hinter dem Verriegelungsstück ein Konus oder eine Abschrägung ausgebildet ist, gegen den die Manschette beim Schließen des Verschlusses aufläuft und der zum radialen Zusammendrücken der Manschette eingerichtet ist, so daß diese wieder in den Ringraum eintreten kann (Anspruch 2).

This solution can be limited and specified to the extent that

• the part of the closure head or closure carrier into which the connection arrangement can be inserted, around which, when inserted, forms an annular space,
• a longitudinally divided sleeve made of spring plate is seated on the connection arrangement and is at least partially received in the annular space in the radially compressed state,
• if the breech head and the breech carrier are separated by the locking distance and the cuff is thus released from the annular space, this cuff expands resiliently to such an extent that it can no longer be inserted into the annular space, and
• behind the locking piece, a cone or a bevel is formed, against which the cuff runs when the closure is closed and which is set up to radially compress the cuff so that it can reenter the annular space (claim 2).

The only additional part is a spring plate sleeve required the fairly large dimensions has (the length corresponds at least to that Interlocking section) and each in the expanded state longitudinal force acting on the closure head, from this immediately and bypassing the forced control on the Lock carrier transmits.

The length section of the cuff that is in the annulus occurs corresponds approximately to the locking distance.

The cuff is an easy to manufacture, tallest uncomplicated component, its function during the loading process consists of expanding resiliently or slightly compressed against its spring action will. There is no intervention in pegs or the like. A There is no wear and tear. Since the travel of the Cuff is low, does not have to break with the Cuff.

The cuff can be removed and installed simply by Sliding on the connection arrangement with disassembled Closure.

The cuff is also made of relatively thick sheet metal educated. Its corrosion therefore does not affect the flawless effect, since the corrosion is only a small one Fraction of the material thickness concerns.

Finally, the cuff also protects her hidden parts of the connection arrangement Splashes of dirt.

Overall, an additional, simple sheet metal part reached, with which all disturbances mentioned at about Reloading can be avoided.

The component or assembly that with "Connection arrangement" is or are, is the Arrangement that in the unlocked state of the closure Lock head and the lock carrier at least around the locking distance keeps spaced and their mutual Approach permitted in the locked state.

This connection arrangement can be in the closure head and / or be insertable into the closure carrier. The Connection arrangement can also extend in itself or shorten, e.g. in the form of a knee joint mechanism.

The lock carrier can be locked immediately sit on the breech head. In this case, he points in unlocked position a distance from the closure head, which corresponds to the locking distance. The axial The length of the cuff is then advantageously correct also corresponds to the length of the locking section.

Advantageously, however, the connection arrangement is like this trained that a distance already in the locked state between the breech head and the breech carrier, which then unlocks around the locking distance extended. The cuff can be conveniently in their Length should be such that it is in the unlocked state entire distance between the closure head and the Locking straps bridged so that when Axial forces the connection arrangement always largely remains force-free (claim 3). When locking the dives Cuff in an annular space, but at most over one Length that corresponds to the locking distance.

The rotary lock is one of the possible locking methods preferred, in which the closure head around elongated core axis of the barrel is rotatable. The cuff preferably loosely surrounds the Connection arrangement (claim 4).

The advantage of the rotary lock is that with simple Averaging largely on the soul axis symmetrical support of the closure can be effected can, so that when shooting at the barrel not one-sided Impact loads that include the Can affect shooting performance.

The loose arrangement of the cuff means that for this no special brackets are required, so that tolerances to be observed for the cuff are quite high can.

Reach behind the twist lock when twisting the Locking head attached to this projections, so-called Locking lugs, the webs of the locking piece. In repeating rifles, two are classic opposite locking lugs in a radial plane, if necessary at least one further locking lug in another radial plane.

But it is also already known, in one Arrange radial locking lugs so that the breech head looks like a rack and pinion gear resembles, except for the one for an extractor claw and / or an ejector provided places a tooth is missing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention such a lock is preferred, the wall of the Cone for compressing the sleeve of longitudinal grooves is cut off, the exemptions for running in Form locking lugs (claim 5).

It is thus possible to arrange locking lugs arranged in a star with their peculiar advantages but at the same time to ensure that the cuff is squeezed evenly over its circumference when the lock is to be locked. This will be a local snagging of the cuff and thus one harmful concentration of force avoided. If the clasp closes by the action of its closing spring, then achieved it may have significant kinetic energy, but could slowed down by a stuck cuff that an inhibition of charging would result.

The connection arrangement is preferred as a shaft-like Extension of the breech head arranged when Lock at least around the locking distance in the Closure carrier immersed (claim 6). Of course it can the shaft is already in the fastener carrier from the outset extend into it so that it only locks telescopically around the locking distance in the Pushes in the closure carrier.

The annular space is preferably in the closure carrier educated.

The cuff can form a guide element if when the lock is locked, on the one hand, from the inside rests against the cone under spring tension and on the other hand at least largely fills the annulus because then the closure carrier regardless of the closure head on the Cone and thus aligned to the soul axis of the barrel.

Here, the locking lugs of the breech head form a front stop for the cuff. Of the Closure carrier forms with its zone radially around the Annulus and outside the annulus a rear stop for the opened cuff.

The breech head has an extractor claw, the rear part preferably sits under the cuff (claim 7). The cuff not only protects the rear part the extractor claw, but then supports it radially, if there is an arch movement under the Cartridge edge performs, so that the reliable hold of the Extractor claw on the cartridge bottom remains guaranteed. The Cuff can even be the spring for the extractor claw form.

The object of the invention is illustrated by the attached schematic drawing for example even closer described. In this is a preferred embodiment illustrated the invention; however, it is noted that this embodiment is preferred, but means no restriction.

Fig. 1a

einen erfindungsgemäßen Verschlußkopf ohne Manschette, in Seitenansicht;

Fig. 1b

einen Schnitt durch den Verschlußkopf längs der Linie A-A in Fig. 1, mit aufgeweiteter, entspannter Manschette;

Fig. 1c

einen schnitt wie in Fig. 1 b, aber mit radial zusammengedrückter Manschette;

Fig. 2a

im verkleinerten Längsschnitt den hinteren Teil eines Laufes mit Patronenlager, Verriegelungsstück und Verschluß, in verriegeltem Zustand;

Fig. 2b

eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 2 a, mit geschlossenem, aber entriegeltem Verschluß;

Fig. 2c

eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 2 a, mit leicht geöffnetem Verschluß; und

Fig. 2d

den Längsschnitt durch den hinteren Teil des Laufes und das Verriegelungsstück, mit voll geöffnetem und deshalb in der Zeichnung nicht sichtbarem Verschluß.

The drawing shows:

Fig. 1a

a closure head according to the invention without a cuff, in side view;

Fig. 1b

a section through the closure head along the line AA in Figure 1, with an expanded, relaxed cuff.

Fig. 1c

a section as in Figure 1 b, but with a radially compressed cuff.

Fig. 2a

in the reduced longitudinal section the rear part of a barrel with cartridge chamber, locking piece and breech, in the locked state;

Fig. 2b

a representation as in Figure 2 a, with the closure closed but unlocked;

Fig. 2c

a representation as in Figure 2 a, with the closure slightly open; and

Fig. 2d

the longitudinal section through the rear part of the barrel and the locking piece, with the lock fully open and therefore not visible in the drawing.

The same exemplary embodiment is shown in all figures shown; each reference sign denotes in each of the Figures each the same element, its description is valid for all others based on one of the figures.

In Fig. 1 a is a closure head 1 in side view shown. This is made up of an overall cylindrical, elongated shaft 3 formed of a rear portion with a larger diameter and a front section with has a smaller diameter, between which a paragraph 17 is formed. The rear section of the shaft 3 is with a transverse bore 15 for receiving a control pin (not shown).

At the front end of the front section of the shaft 3 is a radial wreath of radially protruding radially Locking warts 5 formed, the rear radial surfaces form a front paragraph 19.

The side surfaces of the locking lugs 5 are in Levels that extend parallel to levels that the Contain the longitudinal central axis 11 of the closure head 1.

The free edges of the locking lugs 5 are beveled.

The locking lugs 5 each have the same Angular distance to each other. One of these Locking warts 5 are missing. Extends through the gap an extractor claw 9.

The extractor claw 9 has a rear section, in a longitudinal groove in the front section of the shaft 3 sits and in the area between the two paragraphs 17, 19 largely flush with the outer surface of the shaft 3 completes. The rear section of the extractor claw 9 is pivotable about a pivot pin 21 which passes through it transversely and which is embedded in the shaft 3.

Under the end of the extractor claw 9, which extends over the Swing pin 21 extends rearward, one in the shaft 3 embedded compression spring (not shown) as Extractor spring may be provided. This spring can namely replaced by a resilient sleeve 13 (Fig. 1 b and 1 c) be, which is a circular cylinder made of spring sheet metal, the one has continuous longitudinal slot. This longitudinal slot has in the relaxed state of the cuff 13 Slot width a on (Fig. 1 b). The length of the cuff 13 is such that it is between the two paragraphs 17 and 19 fits.

The cuff 13 may prevent the Swivel pin 21 can fall out.

When the cuff 13 is compressed against its spring action then it lies close to the front Section of the shaft 3; their slot width takes up the low value a 'from (Fig. 1 c).

The inner wall of the cuff lies in a relaxed state 13 loosely above the rear section of the extractor claw 9.

When assembled, the cuff 13 can be easily over the rear section of the shaft 3 are pushed.

The rear section of the shaft 3 with a larger diameter extends forward with little play open hole in a closure carrier 23, the one side is penetrated by an elongated hole forming a backdrop 27, that extends obliquely to the longitudinal direction and its Width corresponds to the final diameter of a control pin, who sits in the transverse bore 15.

In the operating positions of the closure head 1, the latter is aligned Cross bore 15 with the backdrop 27. The (not shown) Control pin through the transverse bore 15 and the backdrop 27 is inserted with very little play, is in the backdrop 27 performed when the shutter head 1 opposite the closure carrier 23 an axial relative movement performs, and runs this along, so that at Covering this relative movement of the closure head 1 is rotated relative to the closure carrier 23. The The axial distance traveled is the Locking section b (Fig. 2 b).

At the end of the barrel with cartridge chamber 29 is a locking piece 35 trained to the rear end towards the rear and outwards, forming a cone 31 expanded. Between the cone 31 and the cartridge chamber 29 an inner annular groove 37 is formed. Their axial width corresponds at least to the axial length of the Locking lugs 5. The cone has longitudinal grooves 33, the number, arrangement and training of the locking warts 5 on the locking head 1 corresponds.

If the closure head 1 from the closure carrier 23 to the largest possible distance is separated (Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 c) and approaches the cone 31 from behind (FIG. 2 c), then the locking lugs 5 run (and the extractor claw 9) exactly through the longitudinal grooves 33 until the front end face of the closure head 1 on the front Boundary surface of the inner annular groove 37 or on the Cartridge bottom strikes (Fig. 2 b).

If the closure carrier 23 is now relative to the closure head 1 forward by the locking distance b moves, then this is twisted, the locking lugs 5 run along the inner annular groove 37 and engage behind it front end of the cone 31 between the longitudinal grooves 33. Der Closure is now locked (Fig. 2 a).

The cuff 13 now ensures that the closure head 1 only then relative to the closure carrier 23 in Can move longitudinally and thus twist if he is in the foremost position (Fig. 2 a and 2 b).

The closure carrier 23 is in its movement in (not shown) gun housing so that it is not can rotate the longitudinal central axis 11. If he is relative to Locking head 1 by the locking distance b to the rear is offset, then the rear paragraph 17 of the Locking head 1 in a position in which it is flush with the front end face of a cylindrical connecting piece 25 completes or protrudes something below it, by which the Closure carrier 23 is extended to the front. If the Locking head 1 completely released from the locking piece 35 is then the cuff 13 is exposed and can spring apart (Fig. 1 b). She takes one Outer diameter that is larger than that Outside diameter of the rear section of the Closure head 1 and thus the hole in the closure carrier 23 and covers part of the front face of the Nozzle 25

An axial relative movement of the closure head 1 against the Closure carrier 23 is now in this in Fig. 2c shown open closure position not possible because the cuff 13 between the front paragraph 19 of the Breech head 1 and the front face of the neck 25 spread.

If the closure is now closed again, then run first the locking lugs 5 into the longitudinal grooves 33.

Next, the front edge of the upgraded runs Sleeve 13 against the between the longitudinal grooves 33rd remaining areas of the cone 31. The further one Forward movement of the closure ensures that the Cuff 13 pushed further into the cone 31 while doing so is radially compressed.

At the latest when the closure head 1 against the front Limitation of the inner annular groove 37 or a cartridge bottom runs up, the cuff 13 is "fully" compressed (Fig. 2 b). Now their outside diameter is smaller than that of the rear portion of the shaft 3 of the breech head 1, and the closure carrier 23 can now with its bore also run forward over the cuff 13, the Locking head 1 over the control pin by the action of Backdrop 27 is rotated.

If, when closing the open closure, the Locking head 1 with the locking lugs 5 on a to-be-fitted, tight-fitting cartridge (not shown) accumulates, then the one exerted on the closure head 1 Axial force on the sleeve 13 directly on the End face of the cylindrical socket 25 on the closure carrier 23 transferred without twisting the closure head 1 initiate, which is then counteracted elsewhere must become.

It should be noted that the extractor claw 9 and the Cross bore 15 of the closure head 1 with the closure open (Fig. 2 b, 2 c) just at the same level with the Longitudinal central axis 11 can be (if you are from normal, horizontal stop of the corresponding weapon).

It is thus possible to use the locking head 1 either right-pointing or left-pointing (drawing) Install extractor claw 9 and thus ensure that after the shot a cartridge case either to the right or ejected to the left from the weapon. The weapon can thus be adapted to right or left-handed shooters. The Effect of the cuff 13 remains unaffected. As in Fig. 1a shows the extractor claw 9 with respect to Longitudinal central axis 11 opposite a projecting tooth 40, the forms a "counterholder" for the cartridge case.

The closure carrier 23 is (not shown) or a loading lever and further by a Gas piston (not shown) moves and takes Loading the breech head (1) with.

Reference list

1

Locking head

3rd

shaft

5

Locking lugs

9

Extractor claw

11

Longitudinal central axis

13

cuff

15

Cross hole for control pin

17th

rear paragraph

19th

front paragraph

21

Swivel pin

23

Lock carrier

25th

Support

27

Backdrop

29

Cartridge chamber

31

cone

33

Longitudinal grooves

35

Locking piece

37

inner ring groove

40

protruding tooth

a '

Width of the cuff slot in a relaxed state

a

Width of the cuff slot in the tensioned state

b

Interlocking distance

Claims (7)

Locked handgun with a breech (1, 23) comprising a breech head (1) and a breech carrier (23), characterized in that: between the closure head (1) and the closure carrier (23) sits a sleeve (13) made of spring plate, which is supported in the expanded state between the closure head (1) and the closure carrier (23) and thus prevents their being pushed together, and when closing the closure (1, 23), the sleeve (13) runs into a stationary cone (31), which compresses it radially, so that it can be inserted into an annular space in the closure head (1) and / or closure carrier (23) and thus pushing them together and thus locking them. Locked handgun according to Claim 1, having a locking piece (35) which is fixedly connected to the rear end of a barrel or is formed in one piece, wherein the closure (1, 23) is movable in the longitudinal direction of the barrel away from and towards the latter and is formed from a closure support (23) and a closure head (1) which are coupled to one another by a connecting arrangement (3) which in the closure head (1) and / or the closure carrier (23) can be pushed in or shortened, in the locked position the locking head (1) engages behind the locking piece (35), when unlocking, the lock carrier (23) preferably moves backwards by one locking distance (b) alone, the engagement of the locking piece (35) by the locking head (1) being released by a forced control (27), after unlocking, the locking head (1) and locking carrier (23) move together, but offset by the locking distance (b) for a reloading process further back and forward again, until the breech head (1) has returned to its foremost position, after which the breech carrier (23) again moves forward by the locking distance (b) and the positive control (27) causes the breech head (1) to engage behind the locking piece (35) emotional,
characterized in that the part of the closure head (1) or closure carrier (23) into which the connection arrangement (3) can be inserted, around which, when inserted, forms an annular space, a longitudinally divided sleeve (13) made of spring plate is seated on the connection arrangement (3) and is at least partially received in the annular space in the radially compressed state, when the closure head (1) and the closure carrier (23) are separated by the locking distance (b) and the sleeve (13) is thus released from the annular space, this sleeve (13) expands resiliently to such an extent that it no longer enters the annular space is insertable, and behind the locking piece (35) a cone (31) or an inclined surface is formed, against which the sleeve (13) runs when the closure (1, 23) is closed and which is arranged to radially compress the sleeve (13) so that it can enter the annulus again. Hand gun according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cuff (13) is longer is as the interlocking distance (b) and only partially is receivable in the annulus. Hand gun according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the closure head (1) for Locking and unlocking is rotatable and the cuff (13) loosely surrounds the connection arrangement (3). Hand gun according to claim 4, characterized in that several locking lugs (5) in one Radial plane projecting from the closure head (1) and that the cone (31) has longitudinal grooves (33), the reliefs for the locking warts (5) form. Hand gun according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connection arrangement as a shaft arranged on the locking head (1) (3) is formed and the annular space in the closure carrier (23) is formed. Hand gun according to claim 6, characterized characterized in that an extractor claw on the shaft (3) (9) is attached, the rear part of which Cuff (13) is gripped.

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