EP0861944B1 - Device for making a column in the ground - Google Patents

Abstract

To form a pillar of material in the ground, the machinery (1) has an equipment carrier (10) with a slide (14) moving on a column (12) to operate an oscillating borehole tamper (16) in the ground (100), with a driving head and a material feed pipe. A cable reel (22) is at a projecting jib from the column, to move a container (26) to charge the feed pipe through a loading lock (18). The container has a relative and synchronized movement with the slide, for the filling material to pass from the lock through a door (21) into the feed pipe (17) and be tamped into the ground.

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing Columns of material in the ground, in particular stuffing columns or Dräns, according to the preamble of claim 1.

A comparable device is basically from DE 22 60 473 C2 became known. It has a lifting device like a mobile crane. The lifting device is used to manipulate a conveyor system to build Material columns, which consist of a deep vibrator or a different type of jacking head and a material feed pipe consists. With the help of the head, a borehole is first made brought down and then filled with material. ever Depending on the task, the structure can be designed differently his. For the production of drains, the material is filled in loosely, so that comparatively large pore spaces between the Material grains remain. On the other hand, a strong one compacted structure can be achieved in which the material is heavily stuffed with lateral compression.

In any case, the filling material is fed from above over the material feed pipe fed, the conveyor system as a whole, i. H. including the material feed pipe, under positive pressure can be set to prevent water from entering or floor material in the by the sinking unit, consisting from the material feed pipe and the deep vibrator To prevent cavity, and on the other hand leakage of Ensure underground material.

The filling material is batched using a container Conveyor system fed by adding at the top of the material feed pipe. To manipulate the container a cable winch is provided, which in a conventional manner a cantilever of the lifting device is attached. So that is it is possible to put the container on the ground on the one hand, in order to fill it with ready material. on the other hand it can reach the top of the material feed pipe be raised in order to load it with filling material.

According to an ongoing development of the above described device is a so-called instead of the crane Leader provided. It is a vertical one Mast on which a slide can be moved on rails is stored. The sledge is used for manipulation of the conveyor system according to the above specification.

The leader continues to carry one at the top a winch provided cantilever for manipulating the Container. Leader and cantilevers thus form a constructive Unit.

The manipulation of the conveyor system on the one hand and the container on the other hand, is possible independently of one another. So can the sled, and thus the vibrator, in steps of about 0.5 m to 1.0 m can be moved up and down. During each Upward movement occurs at the filler tip out. With the subsequent downward movement the material laterally and partly downwards in the Floor pressed. In this way, so-called darning columns created.

Regardless of the movement of the lowering unit and the Feeding sled guiding the carriage lowered to the ground with the cable winch, with material filled and then raised again.

To fill the conveyor system with filling material, it is necessary to stop the carriage so that the container can dock onto the conveyor tube and be emptied. It is therefore necessary to stop the vibrator at intervals in order to be able to feed the respective batch of material. In a very common standard case of a 10 m long gravel column with a column diameter of 0.8 m, a gravel volume of 5 m ^{3 is} required. With a usable volume of the container in the order of magnitude of approximately 1 m ³ , five batches are required, which lead to correspondingly frequent interruptions in the manufacturing process.

The invention was therefore based on the problem of a device to improve the type mentioned in such a way that the Disadvantages described above no longer occur. In particular should be achieved the loading process too optimize to minimize unwanted downtime to keep as possible.

This problem is solved with a device that the Features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments the invention are characterized by the features of the subclaims specified.

The invention is based on the idea of moving the container with that of the front system at least for the duration of the To synchronize the loading process. This is it possible to close the container without stopping the vibrator Drain. Downtimes due to the loading process no longer occur, so that the effectiveness in manufacturing the material columns can increase significantly.

Although such synchronization in many ways possible, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to shape the cantilever so that it can be sledged is positively coupled movable. A particularly simple construction results when the cantilever is directly on the Sled is attached. Such a solution has the advantage that it is particularly inexpensive to implement and absolutely reliable even under the toughest operating conditions is working. It is for carrying out the loading process only required the container filled with material to be lifted over the cable winch and the loading opening on Conveyor system, d. H. on the material feed pipe. This. causes no difficulties, since the conveyor system and the winch does not move relative to each other. On Approaching the loading opening only requires implementation a simple lifting movement of the container leading Rope, regardless of the current position of the the lowering unit of the leading carriage.

Further advantages arise if according to another preferred embodiment of the cantilever in the top Position of the carriage protrudes above the leader. On this way are while maintaining the previous leader height longer columns of material can be produced because the travel of the No longer sledge through the one firmly attached to the leader Cantilever beam is limited. Rather, the path of the Be used up to the end of the guide rails, which are extended to the top of the leader. This is an extension of the possible material column given leader length by up to about three meters.

The cable winch is preferably designed such that it is force-free or can be switched almost power-free as long as the Container is placed on the floor. This operating state enables the container to be filled without removing it Uncoupling the rope. The rope hangs during this time loose or with little pretensioning force on the container, even if the carriage is moved up.

Compliance with a defined pretensioning force prevents Tangle loose rope on the winch drum and the temporary one Storage of the rope on the floor. Such tension can with simple measures, such as a Standstill electric motor.

After the refill process is completed, the winch will be back engaged and lifts the container.

The container is preferably guided on the leader, for example about rollers that run on rails. unintentional Pendulum movements of the container are therefore reliable avoided.

Alternatively, synchronization can be according to another preferred one Variant can be achieved in that on the carriage or a stop is attached to the conveyor system against which the container moved after filling with material and there is held for the duration of the feeding of the conveyor system. For this purpose, the winch is equipped with a limitation device the tensile force, for example in the form of a slip clutch Mistake. The tractive force is chosen so that it on the one hand container filled with material The up and down movement of the Carriage or the conveyor system still possible.

This solution represents an inexpensive variant with which the leader described at the beginning with a fixed cantilever can be converted. In addition, this one Solution ensures that the rope when docked to the conveyor system Container is always kept under tension.

Another alternative is fixed Cable winch to provide a control device based on this acts and the synchronization of the container with the carriage or the conveyor system. In this case the container filled with material is raised and during the Duration of loading moved up and down synchronously with the conveyor system. Care must be taken to ensure that the rules regulate the Compliance with the relative position of the container and conveyor system or Carriage within a certain tolerance range, which essentially by the design of the container in Area of the chute and the corresponding intake opening of the conveyor system is specified and between 0.1m and 0.3m lies.

This alternative is also special as a retrofit option for existing systems with a fixed leader and on it attached cantilever.

According to another variant is at the top of the Deep vibrator or the feed pipe a loading lock arranged, which allows the conveyor system even then to be loaded without downtime if the described at the beginning Process with overpressure in the range of Material outlet works on the vibrator tip, practiced becomes.

The feed lock ensures that the below in Conveying pipe prevailing overpressure does not have to be reduced to Refill material. Rather, the feed lock for the duration of the loading process in relation to the conveyor pipe sealed pressure-tight. Once the container is complete is emptied, the loading lock is opposite the The environment is sealed pressure-tight and the transition to the delivery pipe can be opened. Depending on the remaining Air volume in the feed lock occurs when the Transition to the delivery pipe only a small pressure drop on, thanks to the compressed air supply to the delivery pipe can be caught.

If such a short-term pressure drop is also avoided According to a further variant, one is from Pressure chamber or delivery pipe independent compressed air supply for the loading lock is provided. So that before opening the transition to the conveyor pipe in the loading lock Overpressure can be built up in accordance with the prevailing pressure in the pressure space below. Consequently the pressure built up in the delivery pipe remains at the desired level Level.

This training is particularly prone to liquefaction Soils are valuable because there are small pressure differences cause soil to penetrate into the material outlet and this clogged. Even if this constipation comes back afterwards can be solved, this penetration of soil is extremely undesirable, it leads to the mixing of clean column gravel with soil. The result is in this depth range the continuous load transfer and drainage effect of the column in Asked a question.

The loading lock is preferably designed as a tank, its capacity at least the volume of the container equivalent. This makes it possible to put the contents of the container in one pass. It can be particularly advantageous if the tank has a capacity that can accommodate multiple batches. It can be used as a buffer serve for the filling material, whereby the loading process practically completely from the shaking process decouples. Downtimes are also certain then to avoid if the supply of filler material over the Containers should experience an unforeseen disturbance.

In a special application (offshore foundations) it may be desirable be even the whole for column making the required amount of gravel into one before starting column manufacture inject a correspondingly large tank because the working depth is so far under water that the entire Sunk unit must pass several tens of meters of water and consequently with known technology a material supply in this Depth would be impossible or at least extremely expensive.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to that in the figures illustrated performance example explained in more detail.

In the single figure, a device 1 is shown, the is placed on the floor 100 and not one here illustrated material column, for example in the form of a Darning column or a drain.

The device 1 has a mobile device carrier 10 which takes up all components. On the equipment rack 10 is a leader 12 attached. The leader has not shown here Guide rails for a carriage 14, which with respect to the leader 12 can be moved along its entire extent is led.

The carriage 14 takes a known sinking unit with deep vibrator 16 and material feed pipe 17 and serves to manipulate them.

A bellows 20 is attached to the upper end of the slide 14, which carries a winch 22 at the end. With the help of A winch 22 is manipulated by a container 26 Rope 24 is held. Alternatively, the cable winch 22 can also be used in the Container 26 may be integrated.

Due to the rigid connection of slide 14 and cantilever 20 a positively coupled movement of both components is realized. In the situation shown in the figure and blocked Cable winch 22 moves the container in the same direction 26 and deep vibrator 16, the relative position to each other remains intact.

An upward or downward movement of the container 26 by operating the cable winch 22 is always relative to the deep vibrator 16, regardless of the movement of the tie with respect to the leader 12. So is a latching of the container 26 at the here not closer shown feed opening of the deep vibrator, for example on a feed lock 18, easily and especially during the ongoing operation of the sinking unit without stopping them in relation to their column manufacturing necessary up and down movement possible.

By attaching the cantilever 20 at the upper end of the Carriage 14, it is possible that not shown here Guide rails for the carriage 14 to the top of the Mäklers 12 to extend, so that its length as a maximum Travel path for the carriage 14 can be used. In the the cantilever 20 projects above the leader 12 upwards. Leave at leader length 12 therefore compared to the device described above produce much longer columns from the prior art.

To fill the container 26, it is placed on the bottom 100 lowered. Suitable measures must be taken in this position be sure that the container 26 is no longer relative moved to the carriage 14. This is done in a simple manner in that the cable winch is switched off. This corresponds to triggering the so-called free fall. In this Operating position, no tensile forces are transmitted via the rope 24, so that in the event of an upward movement of the carriage 14 only the rope 24 of the winch 22 corresponding in scope the travel of the carriage 14 is subtracted. in the In the event of a downward movement of the carriage 14 There is a loose sag on the rope 24, depending on the travel distance can also lead to sections of the rope 24 on the floor 100 are stored. As far as this should prevent can an automatic reel on the winch 20 in itself known manner can be provided for a bias of the Rope 24 even in the event of a downward movement of the Care sled 14.

From the above it follows that this is amazing simple inventive concept the manufacture of a material column is possible without interruption due to loading.

Another special feature of the invention lies in the implementation the double-acting feed lock 18, which then is used when the structure of the material column under Overpressure occurs. In this case, the deep vibrator 16 continuously, even during material injection, at the Tip of the material feed pipe 17 overpressure, which by a Compressed air supply, not shown here, built is maintained.

The feed lock 18 is designed so that it on the one hand opposite the material feed pipe 17 with a lock door 21 and on the other hand in relation to the surrounding area a loading opening 19 can be closed pressure-tight can. For the duration of loading with filling material over the Container 26, the lock door 21 is sealed, so that the structure of the material column while maintaining the desired overpressure can expire. As soon as the container 26 is emptied, the loading opening 19 is closed in a pressure-tight manner and then the lock door 21 to the deep vibrator 16 opened so that the material can pass through. Thus, the material is maintained while maintaining the Pressure levels in the material feed pipe 17 passed through, one Interruption of operations or a mixture of in that Material delivery pipe 17 penetrates soil with gravel not instead.

An additional compressed air supply, not shown here for the feed lock 18 allows one of the deep vibrators 16 independent pressure build-up, so that the transition between Feeding lock 18 and deep vibrator 16 without pressure difference can be opened. The otherwise occurring one is also eliminated short-term pressure drop caused by pressure equalization occurs with the feed chamber 18.

Depending on the configuration, the capacity of the charging lock can be increased 18 larger than the funding volume of the container 26, so that a kind of intermediate storage tank is created, which further decouples material supply and Column structure enables.

In practice it has been shown that the use of Loading lock 18 saves about 3 to 5 minutes per column of material. This corresponds to a relative one Time savings of approx. 10%.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contraption

10

equipment rack

12

broker

14

carriage

16

deep vibrator

17

Material conveying pipe

18

load lock

19

loading port

20

cantilever

21

lock door

22

winch

24

rope

26

container

100

ground

Claims (11)

1. An apparatus for producing columns of material in the ground, in particular plugging columns or drains, having

   a leader (12,

   a cradle (14) that can be controllably moved on the leader (12) and a conveying system which can be manipulated by the cradle (14), consisting at least of a vibrovibrator (15) and a material conveying pipe (17), and

   a cantilever (20) held by the leader (12) having a cable winch (22) for manipulating a container (26) of the apparatus, with which material is supplied in charges to the conveying system (16),

   characterised in that the cantilever (20) can be moved in forced coupling with the cradle (14)
   and in that the container (26) can be moved in synchronism with and relative to the cradle (14).
2. An apparatus according to Claim 1,
   characterised in that the cantilever (20) is attached to the cradle (14).
3. An apparatus according to Claim 2,
   characterised in that in the uppermost position of the cradle (14) the cantilever (20) rises upwardly above the leader (12).
4. An apparatus according to Claim 3,
   characterised in that the cable winch (22) can be set so that no forces or approximately no forces act on it provided that the container (26) is placed on the ground (100).
5. An apparatus according to Claim 1,
   characterised by an upper stop for the container (26) mounted on the cradle (24) or the conveying system and also a device for limiting the tensile force of the cable winch (22) in such a manner that the container (26) filled with material is held there until it abuts the stop and at least during the charging period of the conveyor system.
6. An apparatus according to Claim 1,
   characterised by a regulating device acting on the cable winch in such a manner that the container (26) filled with material is raised and at least during the period of the charging of the conveying system can be held relative to this or to the cradle (24) within a tolerance range which can be preset between an upper and a lower end position, preferably in the range between 0.1 m and 0.3 m.
7. An apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that the container (26) is preferably guided via rollers on the leader (12), preferably via rails.
8. An apparatus according to one of the preceding Claims,
   characterised by a feeding sluice (18), which is preferably disposed at the upper end of the vibrovibrator (16) or the conveying pipe (17) and which can be sealed in pressure-tight manner with respect to the pressure chamber formed at the bottom of the conveying pipe during operation on the one hand and with respect to the environment in the region of a feed opening (19) on the other hand.
9. An apparatus according to Claim 8,
   characterised in that the feeding sluice (18) can be supplied with compressed air independently of the pressure chamber.
10. An apparatus according to Claim 8 or 9,
    characterised in that the feeding sluice (18) is constructed as a tank whose capacity corresponds at least to the conveying volume of the container (26).
11. An apparatus according to Claim 10,
    characterised in that the tank (18) has a capacity which corresponds to the entire material volume of the column of material to be produced.

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