EP0848220B1 - Verfahren und Anlage zur Lieferung eines Luftgases in variablen Mengen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zur Lieferung eines Luftgases in variablen Mengen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0848220B1
EP0848220B1 EP97402990A EP97402990A EP0848220B1 EP 0848220 B1 EP0848220 B1 EP 0848220B1 EP 97402990 A EP97402990 A EP 97402990A EP 97402990 A EP97402990 A EP 97402990A EP 0848220 B1 EP0848220 B1 EP 0848220B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
pressure
total flow
pump
figures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP97402990A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0848220A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Guillard
Patrick Le Bot
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0848220A1 publication Critical patent/EP0848220A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04836—Variable air feed, i.e. "load" or product demand during specified periods, e.g. during periods with high respectively low power costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04036—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04236—Integration of different exchangers in a single core, so-called integrated cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
    • F25J2215/54—Oxygen production with multiple pressure O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F25J2240/46—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/10—Mathematical formulae, modeling, plot or curves; Design methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for supplying a consumer line, during a time interval, a variable demand flow an air component, as defined in the preamble of claim 1 and known of document GB-A- 1 172 934.
  • the pressures discussed here are absolute pressures, and the flows are flows molars.
  • oxygen is used in "batch", with significant variations in flow and at moderately high pressures (of the order of a few bars to about twenty bars).
  • moderately high pressures of the order of a few bars to about twenty bars.
  • Various solutions are conventionally used in order to follow these changes in debit.
  • EP-A-0 422 974 on behalf of the Applicant describes a "rocking" process intended for the production of gaseous oxygen at variable flow. oxygen requested is withdrawn from a tank, pumped to operating pressure, and vaporized by condensation a variable flow of air to be distilled.
  • the compressor, and possibly the booster are significantly oversized compared to the flow nominal oxygen to be produced.
  • they work for the majority of the time at high flows different from their nominal flow, and therefore with a degraded performance.
  • the right operation of the scale assumes permanent presence a reserve of the two liquids.
  • GB-A-1172934 published in 1969, describes the storage of an unnecessary part of the flow of a fluid from an ASU in partially gaseous form at a cryogenic temperature.
  • the invention aims to allow the supply of variable flow air gases in particularly effective and economical conditions.
  • the subject of the invention is a method according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a installation according to claim 10.
  • pressure P constant and equal to 16 bars, but it will be understood that this pressure P can also fluctuate around an average value.
  • DN the flow nominal of the oxygen production installation. This DN flow is equal to D1 in this example, but, in variant it could be greater than this value if the installation is also intended to provide oxygen to other consumers.
  • the flow d1 is sent directly to the user or consumer behavior, while the flow d2 is sent to a buffer or buffer.
  • the requested flow D is greater than D1, i.e. t2 to t4
  • This flow d3 is represented by diagram (d).
  • FIGS 2, 3 and 5 to 11 show several different installations capable of implement such a method.
  • Figures 2 and 3 relate to a installation close to that shown in Figure 1 from US-A-5,329,776, and differ from it only by the addition of an additional racking line 35 of liquid oxygen, of an additional pump 36 adapted to bring this liquid oxygen to the aforementioned pressure P, additional passages 37 of the exchange line thermal, for vaporization and reheating up to the ambient temperature of this oxygen, from a high oxygen storage buffer 38 pressure from the 12-passage pump circuit 17, from a pressure regulator 138 disposed upstream of this buffer, and a line 39 provided with an expansion valve 40, connecting this buffer to the consumer line 15.
  • the air distillation installation shown in FIG. 3 essentially comprises: an air compressor 1; an apparatus 2 for purifying the compressed air into water and CO 2 by adsorption, this apparatus comprising two adsorption bottles 2A, 2B, one of which operates in adsorption while the other is being regenerated; a turbine-booster assembly 3 comprising an expansion turbine 4 and a booster 5 whose shafts are coupled; a heat exchanger 6 constituting the heat exchange line of the installation; a double distillation column 7 comprising a medium pressure column 8 surmounted by a low pressure column 9, with a vaporizer-condenser 10 putting the overhead vapor (nitrogen) from column 8 in heat exchange relation with the tank liquid (oxygen) from column 9; a liquid oxygen tank 11, the bottom of which is connected to a liquid oxygen pump 12; and a liquid nitrogen tank 13, the bottom of which is connected to a liquid nitrogen pump 14.
  • This facility is intended to provide, via a user line 15, gaseous oxygen under the operating pressure P.
  • liquid oxygen drawn from the column 9 tank via line 16 and stored in the reservoir 11 is brought to the high pressure P1 (30 bars) by the pump 12 in the liquid state, then vaporized and heated under this high pressure in passages 17 of the exchanger 6, under the conditions of FIG. 1 (c), and sent to buffer 38. Under the conditions of Figure 1 (d), this oxygen is expanded at 40 and sent to the line 15 via line 39.
  • the heat necessary for this vaporization and to this reheating, as well as to reheating and possibly vaporization of other fluids drawn from the double column, is supplied by the air to be distilled, in the following conditions.
  • All the air to be distilled is compressed by compressor 1 at a first high pressure significantly higher than the average column pressure 8 of use. Then the air, precooled in 18 and cooled to around room temperature in 19, is purified in one, 2A for example, of the bottles adsorption, and fully boosted by the booster 5, which is driven by the turbine 4.
  • Air is then introduced at the hot end of exchanger 6 and completely cooled to a intermediate temperature. At this temperature, a fraction of the air continues to cool and is liquefied in passages 20 of the exchanger, then is relaxed at low pressure in an expansion valve 21 and introduced at an intermediate level in the column 9. The rest of the air is relaxed to average pressure in turbine 4 then sent directly, via a pipe 22, at the base of column 8.
  • Low pressure nitrogen is heated in passages 28 of exchanger 6 then evacuated via a pipe 29, while the waste gas, after heating in passages 30 of the exchanger, is used to regenerate an adsorption bottle, the bottle 23 in the example considered, before being evacuated via a pipe 31.
  • part medium pressure liquid nitrogen is, after expansion in an expansion valve 32, stored in the tank 13, and that a production of liquid nitrogen and / or oxygen liquid is supplied via line 33 (for nitrogen) and / or 34 (for oxygen).
  • the pressure of the compressed air at 5 is the air condensation pressure by heat exchange with oxygen being vaporized under pressure of use P, i.e. the pressure for which air liquefaction knee 100, on the diagram heat exchange is located slightly to the right of the vertical bearing 101 for vaporizing oxygen under the pressure P ( Figure 4).
  • the temperature difference at the end heat of the exchange line is adjusted by means of the turbine 4, the suction temperature of which is indicated in 102.
  • pumps 12 and 36 can be connected in series, the pump suction 12 being stitched on the discharge pipe of the pump 36.
  • Figure 5 shows a variant installation which differs from the previous one by the removal of pump 36 and of the vaporization-heating circuit corresponding.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show another variant of the installation which does not differ from that of Figures 2 and 3 only by the fact that the oxygen at 16 bars is withdrawn in gaseous form from the column tank low pressure 9, via a line 44, heated under the low pressure in passages 45 of the exchange line 6, and brought to 16 bars by an oxygen compressor 46.
  • Oxygen at 30 bar is withdrawn from the tank 11 by pump 12, which brings it to this high pressure in liquid form and then is vaporized and warmed in passages 17, and is sent directly to buffer 38.
  • Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the implementation work of the invention with a conventional apparatus of air distillation without pump, nitrogen cycle (turbine 47 releasing at low pressure medium pressure nitrogen) and an argon separation column (not shown) coupled to the low pressure column by two lines 48.
  • the oxygen flow D1 is withdrawn in gaseous form from the bottom column tank pressure and, after heating, is compressed to 16 bars and / or at 30 bars, under the conditions described above, by two respective oxygen compressors 49 and 50.
  • the compressor 49 discharges directly into line 15, while compressor 50 backs up in buffer 38.
  • Figures 11 and 12 The installation of Figures 11 and 12 does not differs from the previous one only in that the two oxygen compressors are connected in series instead to be mounted in parallel.
  • the compressor 49 compresses the entire flow D1 to 16 bars, and the compressor 50 carries from 16 to 30 bars the flow d2 described next to Figure 1 (c).
  • compressors 49 and 50 can be made up of two floors or groups stages of the same machine.
  • operating pressure means the pressure in line 15. However, this does not exclude a subsequent modification of this pressure, for example by expansion.
  • the pressure regulator 138 can be deleted.
  • the buffer pressure then changes between pressures P and P1 as a function of time.
  • the method of the invention can use multiple buffers at high pressures P1, P2, ... different, all significantly greater than the operating pressure P.
  • gas is then taken from one or the other of the buffers, according to the variations of this flow.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Verfahren, um einer Abnehmerleitung (15) während eines Zeitraums (O, T) eine variable angeforderte Menge (D) eines Bestandteils von Luft, insbesondere Sauerstoff, zuzuführen, der mittels einer Luftdestillationsvorrichtung (7) erzeugt worden ist, in welcher:
    Luft, die zur Destillation vorgesehen ist, in einer Tauscherleitung (6) abgekühlt wird;
    eine konstante Gesamtmenge (D1) des Bestandteils aus der Vorrichtung (7) abgezogen wird;
    der Zeitraum (O, T) in mehrere Periodentypen unterteilt wird, nämlich:
    gegebenenfalls wenigstens eine erste Periode (t1 bis t2), in welcher die angeforderte Menge (D) gleich der Gesamtmenge (D1) ist;
    wenigstens eine zweite Periode (0 bis t1, t4 bis T), in welcher die angeforderte Menge (D) kleiner als die Gesamtmenge (D1) ist; und
    wenigstens eine dritte Periode (t2 bis t4), in welcher die angeforderte Menge (D) größer als die Gesamtmenge (D1) ist;
    während der ersten Periode oder den ersten Perioden die Gesamtmenge (D1) auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) gebracht und in die Abnehmerleitung (15) eingeleitet wird;
    während der zweiten Periode oder den zweiten Perioden:
    die angeforderte Menge (D) auf den Arbeitsdruck gebracht und in die Abnehmerleitung (15) eingeleitet wird; und
    eine Speichermenge (d2) des Bestandteils, die gleich der Differenz zwischen der Gesamtmenge (D1) und der angeforderten Menge (D) ist, auf einen hohen Druck (P1) gebracht wird, der höher als der Arbeitsdruck (P) ist, und diese Speichermenge in wenigstens einer Pufferkapazität (38) gespeichert wird; und
    während der dritten Periode oder den dritten Perioden:
    die Gesamtmenge (D1) auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) gebracht und in die Abnehmerleitung (15) eingeleitet wird; und
    außerdem eine zusätzliche Menge (d3) des Bestandteils, die gleich der Differenz zwischen der angeforderten Menge (D) und der Gesamtmenge (D1) ist, in die Abnehmerleitung (15) eingeleitet wird, wobei diese zusätzliche Menge aus wenigstens einer Pufferkapazität (38) entnommen und auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) entspannt wird;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtmenge bis zum warmen Ende der Tauscherleitung erwärmt wird und die Speichermenge vom warmen Ende zur Pufferkapazität geleitet wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtmenge (D1) im flüssigen Zustand aus der Destillationsvorrichtung (7) abgezogen wird und in diesem Zustand durch Pumpen (in 12, 36) verdichtet wird, bevor sie (in 6) verdampft wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erste Flüssigkeitsmenge mittels einer ersten Pumpe (12) auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) gebracht wird, dass die Menge, die für die Pufferkapazität (38) bestimmt ist, mittels einer zweiten Pumpe (36) auf den hohen Druck (P1) gebracht wird und dass (in 17, 37) jeder Flüssigkeitsstrom unter seinem Pumpendruck verdampft wird (Figuren 2 und 3).
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtmenge (D1) mittels einer einzigen Pumpe (12) auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) gebracht wird, dass diese Flüssigkeit (in 17) verdampft wird und der Teil des so erhaltenen Gases, der für die Pufferkapazität (38) (Figur 5) bestimmt ist, auf den hohen Druck (P1) gebracht wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtmenge (D1) mittels einer einzigen Pumpe (12) auf den hohen Druck (P1) gebracht wird, (in 143) ein Teil dieser Gesamtmenge auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) entspannt wird und die beiden Ströme jeweils unter ihrem Druck verdampft werden (Figur 6).
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erste von zwei Mengen im flüssigen Zustand aus der Destillationsvorrichtung (7) abgezogen wird, durch Pumpen (in 12) komprimiert wird und unter diesem Druck (in 17) verdampft wird, während der Rest der Gesamtmenge im gasförmigen Zustand aus der Destillationsvorrichtung abgezogen wird und in diesem Zustand (in 46) komprimiert wird (Figuren 7 und 8).
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtmenge (D1) im gasförmigen Zustand aus der Destillationsvorrichtung (7) abgezogen wird, ein Teil (d1) dieses Gases auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) komprimiert wird und die zusätzliche Menge (d2), die für die Pufferkapazität (38) bestimmt ist, (in 50) auf den hohen Druck (P1) komprimiert wird (Figuren 9 bis 12).
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Menge unabhängig, ausgehend vom Druck beim Abziehen aus der Destillationsvorrichtung (7) komprimiert wird (Figuren 9 und 10).
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtmenge (D1) auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) komprimiert wird und ein Teil dieser ersten Menge vom Arbeitsdruck (P) auf den hohen Druck (P1) komprimiert wird (Figuren 11 und 12).
  10. Luftdestillationsanlage, die dazu bestimmt ist, an eine Abnehmerleitung (15) eine variable Menge eines Bestandteils von Luft zu liefern, insbesondere Sauerstoff, mit einer Tauscherleitung (6), in welcher für die Destillation vorgesehene Luft abgekühlt wird; Mitteln, um eine konstante Gesamtmenge (D1) des Bestandteils aus der Destillationsvorrichtung (7) abzuziehen; einer Pufferkapazität (38); ersten Mitteln, um mindestens einen Teil der Gesamtmenge (D1) im gasförmigen Zustand auf den Arbeitsdruck (P) zu bringen, wobei diese ersten Mittel mit der Abnehmerleitung (15) verbunden sind; zweiten Mitteln, um eine zweite Menge (d2) des Bestandteils im gasförmigen Zustand auf einen hohen Druck (P1) zu bringen, der höher als der Arbeitsdruck (P) ist, wobei diese zweiten Mittel mit der Pufferkapazität (38) verbunden sind, und einer mit einem gesteuerten Entspannungsventil (40) ausgestatteten Nebenleitung (39), welche die Pufferkapazität mit der Abnehmerleitung (15) verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pufferkapazität dem warmen Ende der Austauschleitung nachgelagert angeordnet ist.
  11. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel eine erste Pumpe (12) und erste Verdampfungsmittel (17) umfassen und dass die zweiten Mittel eine zweite Pumpe (36) und zweite Verdampfungsmittel (37) umfassen (Figuren 2 und 3).
  12. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel eine Pumpe (12) und Verdampfungsmittel (17) umfassen und dass die zweiten Mittel einen Verdichter (43) umfassen, dessen Ansaugung mit dem Ausgang der Verdampfungsmittel verbunden ist (Figur 5).
  13. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel eine Pumpe (12), ein Entspannungsventil (143) und erste Verdampfungsmittel (17) umfassen und dass die zweiten Mittel zweite Verdampfungsmittel (37) umfassen, die mit der Druckseite der Pumpe verbunden sind (Figur 6).
  14. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel einen Verdichter (46) umfassen, dessen Ansaugung mit einer Gasabzugstelle der Destillationsvorrichtung (7) verbunden ist, und dass die zweiten Mittel eine Pumpe (12) und mit der Druckseite dieser Pumpe verbundene Verdampfungsmittel (17) umfassen (Figuren 7 und 8).
  15. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten und die zweiten Mittel jeweils zwei Verdichter (49, 50) umfassen, deren Ansaugungen parallel mit einer Abzugstelle der Destillationsvorrichtung (7) verbunden sind (Figuren 9 und 10).
  16. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel einen ersten Verdichter (49) umfassen, dessen Ansaugung mit einer Gasabzugstelle der Destillationsvorrichtung (7) verbunden ist, und dass die zweiten Mittel einen zweiten Verdichter (50) umfassen, dessen Ansaugung mit der Druckseite des ersten Verdichters verbunden ist (Figuren 11 und 12).
EP97402990A 1996-12-12 1997-12-10 Verfahren und Anlage zur Lieferung eines Luftgases in variablen Mengen Revoked EP0848220B1 (de)

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FR9615281A FR2757282B1 (fr) 1996-12-12 1996-12-12 Procede et installation de fourniture d'un debit variable d'un gaz de l'air
FR9615281 1996-12-12

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JPH10259990A (ja) 1998-09-29
ES2216119T3 (es) 2004-10-16
BR9705641A (pt) 1999-05-25
US5941098A (en) 1999-08-24
FR2757282B1 (fr) 2006-06-23
CN1130538C (zh) 2003-12-10
FR2757282A1 (fr) 1998-06-19
AR008937A1 (es) 2000-02-23
ZA9711131B (en) 1998-06-23
CN1190726A (zh) 1998-08-19
PL323709A1 (en) 1998-06-22
DE69727648T2 (de) 2004-10-14
KR100474464B1 (ko) 2005-06-17
KR19980063916A (ko) 1998-10-07
EP0848220A1 (de) 1998-06-17
DE69727648D1 (de) 2004-03-25
CA2224742A1 (en) 1998-06-12

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