EP0847806B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Aufladung und Abtrennung schwierig abzuscheidender Partikel aus einem Gasfluid - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Aufladung und Abtrennung schwierig abzuscheidender Partikel aus einem Gasfluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0847806B1 EP0847806B1 EP97121114A EP97121114A EP0847806B1 EP 0847806 B1 EP0847806 B1 EP 0847806B1 EP 97121114 A EP97121114 A EP 97121114A EP 97121114 A EP97121114 A EP 97121114A EP 0847806 B1 EP0847806 B1 EP 0847806B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- separation
- ionisation
- electrodes
- zone
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005367 electrostatic precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/025—Combinations of electrostatic separators, e.g. in parallel or in series, stacked separators, dry-wet separator combinations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/38—Particle charging or ionising stations, e.g. using electric discharge, radioactive radiation or flames
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/455—Collecting-electrodes specially adapted for heat exchange with the gas stream
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a filter in which with the aid of electrostatic Charging and separation of difficult to separate particles within one or more areas or fields are removed from a gas fluid and only one high voltage supply source for this high voltage zone is used and the field strength of the ionization region is smaller than the field strength of the separation area.
- the electrostatic precipitators work according to the so-called Cotrell principle As is known, charging and transport of the particles to be separated and their Attachment to possibly specially shaped precipitation electrodes simultaneously in an electrical field, the particles after sufficient accumulation or agglomeration either due to mechanical shocks (dry Cleaning) or by rinsing (wet cleaning) from the precipitation electrode be removed. If necessary, several of the above electrical fields connected in series or in parallel to the desired To achieve total separation performance.
- the cause of the problem of particles that are difficult to separate can be both may be due to the electrical properties of the particles due to their chemical / physical nature at the precipitation electrodes an insulating layer and / or that due to the electrical Flow turbulence or the so-called electric wind at high current density as a result of gas ionization in the area between the charging and separating electrodes in particular the proportion of particles in the grain area ⁇ 10 ⁇ m is increasingly difficult to attach to the precipitation electrodes. It is known that as a result of the physically effective charging mechanisms, namely the so-called impact or field charging and diffusion charging more or less pronounced minimum of the particle fraction separation efficiency occurs.
- a separating device of the type mentioned at the beginning, also with two in a row switched filters with a high voltage supply is through the FR-A-516 892 has become known, designed as an axial tube filter.
- spray electrodes in the direction of flow of the gases to be cleaned provided with a concentric electrode arrangement. It is imagined electric field in an even distribution.
- the first filter both ionized as well as the majority of particles already deposited.
- the second Filters are then influenced by a more uniform electric field the particles not deposited in the first zone are recorded and separated.
- the simultaneous particle separation in the pre-ionization zone or in the first Filter leads to harmful back spraying, and also turns out due to the almost identical geometric spray distances compared to the distances the precipitation electrodes require high, additional construction measures Flow rate.
- the invention has for its object the disadvantages of the above To avoid electrostatic precipitator procedures and to develop a procedure in which Use only one high voltage source in each electrical field to be efficient Charging of the particles is carried out and subsequently the transport of the charged Particles and their separation on the oppositely polarized separation electrodes with a sufficiently high field strength.
- This object is achieved with a method in that the fluids to be cleaned first within the high voltage fields one after the other only ionized and then deposited, being a highly electricity intensive Ionization in an enlarged alley with at least twice the geometric Distance compared to the geometric distance of the separation zone and only then the deposition in at least two subsequent, parallel to each other lying streets with low-current ionization is carried out.
- the efficient charging of the particles is achieved when high voltage is applied performed, which generates a field strength in the subsequent separation area, the is sufficient for the transport and separation of the particles.
- the electrical separation method according to the invention is in practically all types of electrostatic precipitators or embodiments applicable.
- Fig. 2 shows the overview of a single separation lane with a preceding one enlarged ionization lane.
- the neighboring streets are not shown.
- a High-voltage power source 1 is connected to a high-voltage system 2, which current-intensive spray electrodes 6 and voltage-intensive or low-current Spray electrodes 7 is provided.
- the spray electrodes 6 are in one Ionization region 4, which is formed by precipitation electrodes 3.
- the Spray electrodes 7 are located in a separation area 5, which is grounded Precipitation electrodes 3 is formed.
- At 11 is the entire high voltage field characterized.
- the ionization region 4 and the deposition region 5 are geometric so designed that the spraying distances in the ionization area are greater than that Spraying distances in the separation area.
- sufficient particle charge is achieved, which is then in the following Separation area 5 with reduced turbulence or almost no electrical Wind can be optimally separated.
- the ionization region 4 and the deposition region 5 can be another Ionization area 4a are connected downstream with a separation area 5a.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a horizontally arranged electrostatic filter.
- Precipitation electrodes 3 are provided, several in the deposition area 5
- Form Abscheidegassen 13 In each of these separation lanes are tension-intensive Spray electrodes 7 are provided. Seen in the direction of flow of the fluids to be cleaned, are each an ionizing area 4 with the current-intensive spray electrode 6 with the Spray electrodes 7 two separation lanes 13, connected downstream. Dotted lines 14 indicate that further alleys 13 can follow.
- FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment, according to which one ionization region 4 has three Alleys 13 are connected downstream. So here the gas is in an ionization range charged and deposited in three lanes within the separation area 5.
- this embodiment shows that the ionization region 4 is another Ionization area 4a is connected downstream with a separation area 5a.
- FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment with an ionization region 4, in which the grounded precipitation electrodes 9 are shown as a hollow body by a Coolant 10 are flowed through. With this cooling, a re-ionization avoided due to an extreme electrical particle resistance.
- Fig. 7 shows an example of a vertical single-field tube filter.
- a plurality of tubes 17 between an inlet housing 15 and an outlet housing 16 provided that have an enlarged cross section 18 in the entrance area.
- On the high-voltage power supply 1 is an isolator 19 that High voltage system 2 connected.
- the enlarged pipe cross section 18 also forms the current-intensive spray electrodes 6, the ionization region 4 and the tubes 17 form the deposition area 5 with the voltage-intensive spray electrodes 7 Tubes 17 with the enlarged cross section 18 simultaneously form the grounded ones Precipitation electrodes.
- the essence of the invention is clearly shown, namely within a high voltage field 11 with only one high voltage current source 1 in in an enlarged ionization area 4 to achieve optimal charging and then in the subsequent smaller individual lanes the particles from the fluid to be cleaned to separate.
Description
- Fig. 1
- das Partikel-Abscheideverhalten in einem Elektrofilter,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Übersichtsanordnung der Erfindung, wobei die benachbarten Gassen nicht dargestellt sind
- Fig. 3
- eine weitere Übersichtsanordnung,
- Fig. 4
- ein Horizontalfeld mit einem Ionisierungsbereich,
- Fig. 5
- ein Horizontalfeld mit zwei Ionisierungsbereiche,
- Fig.6
- ein Horizontalfeld mit gekühlten Niederschlagselektroden im Ionisierungsbereich,
- Fig. 7
- ein Einfeld-Vertikalfilter, der kein Ausführungsbeispiel der beanspruchten Erfindung darstellt
Claims (6)
- Verfahren, bei dem mit Hilfe der elektrostatischen Aufladung und Abscheidung schwierig abzuscheidende Partikel innerhalb eines oder mehrerer Bereiche bzw. Felder aus einem Gasfluid entfernt werden und nur eine Hochspannungs-Versorgungsquelle (1) für diese Hochspannungszone verwendet wird und die Feldstärke des lonisierungsbereiches (4) kleiner als die Feldstärke des Abscheidebereiches (5) ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu reinigenden Fluide innerhalb der Hochspannungsfelder (11) nacheinander zuerst nur ionisiert und dann abgeschieden werden, wobei die hoch stromintensive lonisierung in einer vergrößerten Gasse mit mindestens dem doppelten geometrischen Abstand gegenüber dem geometrischen Abstand der Abscheidezone (5) erfolgt und dann erst die Abscheidung in wenigstens zwei anschließenden, parallel nebeneinander liegenden Gassen (13) bei stromarmer lonisierung durchgeführt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fluide innerhalb des Hochspannungsfeldes (11) zwei- oder mehrmals nacheinander ionisiert und abgeschieden werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die geerdeten Elektroden (9) des lonisierungsbereiches (4) gekühlt werden. - Elektrostatisch arbeitendes Filter für schwierig abzuscheidende Partikel mit einer Hochspannungs-Versorgungsquelle (1) mit Gassen bildenden Niederschlagselektroden (3) und darin vorgesehenen Sprühelektroden (6, 7), insbesondere zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der geometrische Abstand der Hochspannung führenden und geerdeten Elektrode (3, 6) in der lonisierungszone (4) mindestens doppelt so groß ist wie in der Abscheidezone (5), zwei oder mehreren Gassen (13) für die Abscheidung eine Gasse für die lonisierung vorgeschaltet ist, und dass die Geometrie der normalerweise negativ gepolten Sprühelektroden (6, 7) für lonisier- und Abscheidezone (4, 5) unterschiedlich ausgeführt ist, wobei für die lonisierzone (4) eine hoch stromintensive Sprühelektrodenform (6) und für den Abscheidebereich (5) eine weitestgehend stromarme bzw. spannungsintensive Sprühelektrodenform (7) eingesetzt ist. - Filter nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Feld mehrere lonisierungs- und Abscheidebereiche (4, 4a; 5, 5a) in Flußrichtung der Fluide hintereinander angeordnet sind. - Filter nach Anspruch 4 oder 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Niederschlagselektroden (9) der lonisierungszone (4; 4a) gekühlt sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19650585 | 1996-12-06 | ||
DE19650585A DE19650585C2 (de) | 1996-12-06 | 1996-12-06 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Aufladung und Abtrennung schwierig abzuscheidender Partikel aus einem Gasfluid |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0847806A1 EP0847806A1 (de) | 1998-06-17 |
EP0847806B1 true EP0847806B1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
Family
ID=7813790
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97121114A Expired - Lifetime EP0847806B1 (de) | 1996-12-06 | 1997-12-02 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Aufladung und Abtrennung schwierig abzuscheidender Partikel aus einem Gasfluid |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6004376A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0847806B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10174901A (de) |
KR (1) | KR19980063870A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1168541C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE207779T1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ294557B6 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19650585C2 (de) |
PL (1) | PL323444A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA9710407B (de) |
Families Citing this family (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1088392C (zh) * | 1998-12-24 | 2002-07-31 | 王晋宁 | 干式吸收剂烟气脱硫方法 |
EP1175943A4 (de) * | 2000-03-03 | 2008-07-02 | Matsushita Ecology Sys Co | Apparatus zum sammeln von staub und klimaanlage |
US6508861B1 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-01-21 | Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. | Integrated single-pass dual-field electrostatic precipitator and method |
DE102004033815B3 (de) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-01-19 | Fisia Babcock Environment Gmbh | Elektrofilter mit gekühlten Niederschlagselektroden |
EP1679123A1 (de) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-07-12 | Balcke-Dürr GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischen Aufladung und Abscheidung schwierig abzuscheidender Partikel |
US7404847B2 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2008-07-29 | Hess Don H | Apparatus and method for enhancing filtration |
US7175695B1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-13 | Hess Don H | Apparatus and method for enhancing filtration |
US7163572B1 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-01-16 | Foshan Shunde Nasi Industry Co., Ltd. | Air purifier |
US7291206B1 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-11-06 | Oreck Holdings, Llc | Pre-ionizer for use with an electrostatic precipitator |
US7306655B2 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-12-11 | Oreck Holdings, Llc | Corona ground element |
WO2008021906A2 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-21 | Google Inc. | Interest targeting |
KR100793892B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-01-15 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 매연여과장치용 입자상 물질 여과 시스템 |
JP5304096B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-29 | 2013-10-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 荷電装置及び空気処理装置 |
JP2009106827A (ja) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-21 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 空気処理装置 |
JP5527208B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-21 | 2014-06-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電気集じん機 |
DE102008055732A1 (de) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-06 | Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus | Verfahren zur elektrischen Abscheidung von Aerosolen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102008059113A1 (de) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-05-27 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Sammlung von stark elektronenaffinen Partikeln |
KR101610854B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-11 | 2016-04-21 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 전기집진장치 및 그 고전압 전극 |
CN102107158B (zh) | 2009-12-24 | 2013-03-20 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | 过滤装置、过滤方法以及痕量检测仪器 |
US9028588B2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2015-05-12 | Donald H. Hess | Particle guide collector system and associated method |
WO2012055110A1 (zh) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | 南京师范大学 | 一种单区板式高温静电除尘器 |
US8894745B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2014-11-25 | John P. Dunn | Vane electrostatic precipitator |
US9073062B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-07-07 | John P. Dunn | Vane electrostatic precipitator |
US9238230B2 (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2016-01-19 | John P. Dunn | Vane electrostatic precipitator |
US9039815B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-05-26 | John P. Dunn | Vane electrostatic precipitator |
US9468935B2 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2016-10-18 | Donald H. Hess | System for filtering airborne particles |
US9682384B2 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2017-06-20 | University Of Washington | Electrostatic precipitator |
FR3039435B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-08-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Methode et dispositif de collecte de particules d'aerosols, a collecte selective en fonction de la granulometrie des particules |
FR3039433B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-08-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Methode d'epuration selective d'aerosols |
CN106540807A (zh) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-03-29 | 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 | 用于油烟分离的高压静电模块和具有其的吸油烟机 |
US10913073B2 (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2021-02-09 | Lynntech, Inc. | Electrostatic enhancement of inlet particle separators for engines |
KR20200070216A (ko) * | 2017-10-30 | 2020-06-17 | 파나소닉 아이피 매니지먼트 가부시키가이샤 | 전기 집진 장치 |
CN111715010A (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-29 | 北京康孚科技股份有限公司 | 轴流旋风凝并式空气过滤方法和装置 |
EP4086510A1 (de) | 2019-09-03 | 2022-11-09 | SL-Technik GmbH | Brenneinrchtung für eine biomasse-heizanlage |
DE102020125579A1 (de) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-03-31 | Woco Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektroabscheider, Rohrabschnitt und Schwebstaub erzeugende Anlage |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1343285A (en) * | 1913-03-05 | 1920-06-15 | Int Precipitation Co | Means for separating suspended matter from gases |
FR516892A (fr) * | 1918-02-21 | 1921-04-27 | Purification Ind Des Gaz Soc D | Dispositif d'appareil pour la dépoussiération électrique des gaz |
US3518462A (en) * | 1967-08-21 | 1970-06-30 | Guidance Technology Inc | Fluid flow control system |
YU87570A (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1973-12-31 | Iat Inst Aerodinamic Termodina | Elektronski uredaj za visoki napon |
US3907520A (en) * | 1972-05-01 | 1975-09-23 | A Ben Huang | Electrostatic precipitating method |
DK141541B (da) * | 1977-08-04 | 1980-04-14 | Niels Brundbjerg | Luftrenser af regenerationstypen omfattende en ozonlampe. |
DE2854716A1 (de) * | 1978-12-18 | 1980-06-19 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen bewegen und behandeln von luft |
US4225323A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1980-09-30 | General Electric Company | Ionization effected removal of alkali composition from a hot gas |
WO1988009213A1 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1988-12-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Dust collecting electrode |
US5059219A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1991-10-22 | The United States Goverment As Represented By The Administrator Of The Environmental Protection Agency | Electroprecipitator with alternating charging and short collector sections |
JP3155775B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-19 | 2001-04-16 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | 電気集塵機 |
-
1996
- 1996-12-06 DE DE19650585A patent/DE19650585C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-11-19 ZA ZA9710407A patent/ZA9710407B/xx unknown
- 1997-12-02 EP EP97121114A patent/EP0847806B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-02 AT AT97121114T patent/ATE207779T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-02 PL PL97323444A patent/PL323444A1/xx unknown
- 1997-12-04 US US08/984,876 patent/US6004376A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-05 CN CNB971230951A patent/CN1168541C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-05 CZ CZ19973928A patent/CZ294557B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-05 JP JP9335759A patent/JPH10174901A/ja active Pending
- 1997-12-06 KR KR1019970066468A patent/KR19980063870A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19650585A1 (de) | 1998-06-10 |
US6004376A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
CN1168541C (zh) | 2004-09-29 |
KR19980063870A (ko) | 1998-10-07 |
AU4438797A (en) | 1998-06-11 |
AU729469B2 (en) | 2001-02-01 |
ZA9710407B (en) | 1998-03-18 |
CZ294557B6 (cs) | 2005-02-16 |
EP0847806A1 (de) | 1998-06-17 |
CN1184781A (zh) | 1998-06-17 |
DE19650585C2 (de) | 2001-11-22 |
PL323444A1 (en) | 1998-06-08 |
CZ392897A3 (cs) | 1999-07-14 |
JPH10174901A (ja) | 1998-06-30 |
ATE207779T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
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