EP0847659B1 - Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements - Google Patents
Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0847659B1 EP0847659B1 EP96929387A EP96929387A EP0847659B1 EP 0847659 B1 EP0847659 B1 EP 0847659B1 EP 96929387 A EP96929387 A EP 96929387A EP 96929387 A EP96929387 A EP 96929387A EP 0847659 B1 EP0847659 B1 EP 0847659B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- radiator
- baffle
- form loudspeaker
- loudspeaker according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
- H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2803—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means for loudspeaker transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
- H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
- H04R1/2819—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type for loudspeaker transducers
Definitions
- the invention relates to loudspeakers and more particularly to loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements.
- Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our co-pending PCT publication No. WO97/09842 of even date herewith.
- Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s); are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity.
- This Invention is particularly concerned with active acoustic devices in the form of loudspeakers.
- Members as above are herein called distributed mode acoustic radiators and are intended to be characterised as in the above PCT application and/or otherwise as specifically provided herein.
- the invention is a panel-form loudspeaker characterised by a member having capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in at least one operative area extending transversely of thickness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said at least one area and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for vibration exciter means and having a vibration exciter mounted on said member at one of said locations or sites to vibrate the member to cause it to resonate forming an acoustic radiator which provides an acoustic output when resonating, and a baffle surrounding and supporting the radiator.
- a resilient suspension may be provided between the radiator and the baffle to support the radiator in the baffle.
- the resilient suspension may be of an elastomeric material.
- the vibration exciter may be mounted wholly and exclusively on the radiator.
- the baffle may be formed as an enclosure having an open backed front box portion adapted to be mounted on a wall or the like.
- the front box portion may be adapted to be mounted to align with a cavity in the wall.
- the radiator may comprise a lightweight core separating a pair of high modulus lightweight skins.
- a subwoofer may be mounted to be baffle.
- a tweeter may be mounted to the baffle.
- a panel-form loudspeaker (81) of the kind described and claimed in our co-pending International publication No. WO97/09842 of even date herewith comprising a rectangular frame (1) carrying a resilient suspension 3) round its inner periphery which supports a distributed mode sound radiating panel (2).
- a transducer (9) e.g. as described in detail with reference to our co-pending International publication Nos. WO97/09859, WO97/09861, WO97/09858 of even date herewith, is mounted wholly and exclusively on or in the panel (2) at a predetermined location defined by dimensions x and y , the position of which location is calculated as described in our co-pending International publication No. WO97/09842 of even date herewith, to launch bending waves into the panel to cause the panel to resonate to radiate an acoustic output.
- the transducer (9) is driven by a signal amplifier (10), e.g. an audio amplifier, connected to the transducer by conductors (28).
- a signal amplifier (10) e.g. an audio amplifier
- Amplifier loading and power requirements can be entirely normal, similar to conventional cone type speakers, sensitivity being of the order of 86 - 88dB/watt under room loaded conditions.
- Amplifier load impedance is largely resistive at 6 ohms, power handling 20-80 watts. Where the panel core and/or skins are of metal, they may be made to act as a heat sink for the transducer to remove heat from the motor coil of the transducer and thus improve power handling.
- Figures 2 a and 2 b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1.
- Figure 2 a shows that the frame (1), surround (3) and panel (2) are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints (20).
- Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g. aluminium alloy or plastics.
- Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics.
- Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
- Figure 2 b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel (2) is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g. cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix (98) i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet.
- the skins are of plastics, they may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM) or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
- RTM Kevlar
- Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e. aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM), Kaptan (RTM), polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil.
- Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter. This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
- thermoplastics allow for the mould tooling to carry location and registration features such as grooves or rings for the accurate location of transducer parts e.g. the motor coil, and the magnet suspension. Additional with some weaker core materials it is calculated that it would be advantageous to increase the skin thickness locally e.g. in an area or annulus up to 150% of the transducer diameter, to reinforce that area and beneficially couple vibration energy into the panel. High frequency response will be improved with the softer foam materials by this means.
- Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density.
- Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers.
- a high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terms, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
- piezo and electro dynamic transducers have negligible electromagnetic radiation or stray magnet fields.
- Conventional speakers have a large magnetic field, up to 1 metre distant unless specific compensation counter measures are taken.
- electrical connection can be made to the conductive parts of an appropriate DML panel or an electrically conductive foam or similar interface may be used for the edge mounting.
- the suspension (3) may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel.
- the patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
- Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof. Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
- An acoustic panel as described above is bidirectional.
- the sound energy from the back is not strongly phase related to that from the front. Consequently there is the benefit of overall summation of acoustic power in the room, sound energy of uniform frequency distribution, reduced reflective and standing wave effects and with the advantage of superior reproduction of the natural space and ambience in the reproduced sound recordings.
- FIG 3 illustrates a first embodiment of distributed mode panel-form loudspeaker (81) generally of the kind shown in Figures 1 and 2 and in which the frame (1 is replaced by a baffle-board (6), e.g. of medium density fibreboard, having a rectangular aperture (82) in which a distributed mode radiator panel (2) is mounted with the interposition of a resilient suspension (3).
- a transducer (9) of the kind described in our co-pending International publication Nos. WO97/09859, WO97/09861, WO97/09858 of even date herewith is mounted wholly and exclusively on the panel (2) to vibrate the panel to cause it to resonate to produce an acoustic output.
- Such a baffle may have the effect of augmenting lower frequency response of the loudspeaker.
- FIG 4 illustrates a second embodiment of loudspeaker (81) according to the present invention.
- the loudspeaker comprises a box-like enclosure (8) having a top (148), a bottom (149), opposed sides (150), a back (151) and a front (152).
- the front (152) of the enclosure (8) consists of a rigid lightweight distributed mode radiator panel (2) of the kind described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 and comprising a core (22) enclosed by opposed skins (21).
- the panel (2) is supported in the enclosure (8) by means of a surrounding compliant suspension (17), e.g. a strip of latex rubber.
- An acoustic absorbing lining may be provided in the enclosure.
- a transducer (9) e,g, of the kinds shown in our co-pending International publication. Nos. WO97/09859, WO97/09861, WO97/09858 of even date herewith is mounted wholly and exclusively on the inwardly directed face of the panel (2) in a predetermined location as discussed in our co-pending International publication No. WO97/09842 of even date herewith, to vibrate the panel to cause it to resonate to produce an acoustic output.
- the enclosure (8) may be formed with ports (109) e.g. in one side (150), to enhance bass performance of the loudspeaker. In any event, the use of the enclosure (8) will render the loudspeaker uni-directional, which may be desirable in some circumstances.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a further embodiment of loudspeaker (81) according to the present invention and generally similar to that described above with reference to Figure 4.
- the loudspeaker comprises a box-like enclosure (8) consisting of a front box portion (52) having an open back adapted to be mounted on a wall and aligned with a cavity (110) in the wall, e.g. in a stud-work wall, to reduce the depth of the loudspeaker enclosure while providing the benefits of a larger enclosure.
- the front face (51) of the front box consists of a rigid lightweight distributed mode radiator (2) comprising a core (22) enclosed by opposed skins (21).
- the panel (2) is supported in the enclosure (8) by means of a surrounding resilient suspension (17), e.g. of rubber latex strip.
- the loudspeaker is thus generally of the kind described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 above.
- a transducer (9) e.g. of the kind described with reference to our co-pending International publication Nos. WO97/09859, WO97/09861, WO97/09858 of even date herewith is mounted wholly and exclusively on the inwardly directed face of the panel (2) in a predetermined location as discussed in our co-pending International publication No. WO97/09842 to vibrate the panel to cause it to resonate to produce an acoustic output.
- the loudspeakers of the present invention are relatively simple to make and can be made to have a relatively shallow depth, or apparently shallow depth, in comparison to conventional loudspeaker.
- the loudspeakers of the present invention have a wide angle of dispersion in comparison ot conventional pistonic loudspeakers. Where the radiator panel is made from or is skinned with metal foil or sheet, the loudspeaker can be made to be shielded against radio-frequency emissions.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1995-09-02 | Acoustic device |
GB9517918 | 1995-09-02 | ||
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | Acoustic device |
GB9522281 | 1995-10-31 | ||
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) | 1996-03-30 | 1996-03-30 | Acoustic device |
GB9606836 | 1996-03-30 | ||
PCT/GB1996/002140 WO1997009840A2 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0847659A1 EP0847659A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
EP0847659B1 true EP0847659B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 |
Family
ID=34865233
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96929387A Expired - Lifetime EP0847659B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0847659B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JPH11512246A (ru) |
AT (1) | ATE177574T1 (ru) |
AU (1) | AU702920B2 (ru) |
CA (1) | CA2230702A1 (ru) |
DE (1) | DE69601723T2 (ru) |
DK (1) | DK0847659T3 (ru) |
EA (1) | EA002108B1 (ru) |
ES (1) | ES2131953T3 (ru) |
HK (1) | HK1008647A1 (ru) |
RO (1) | RO119046B1 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO1997009840A2 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (35)
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GB9806994D0 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 1998-06-03 | New Transducers Ltd | Acoustic device |
CA2297104A1 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-11 | Christien Ellis | Trim panel comprising an integral acoustic system |
GB9722079D0 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 1997-12-17 | New Transducers Ltd | Loudspeaker suspension |
DE19757098C2 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 2003-01-09 | Harman Audio Electronic Sys | Aufhängung für Schallwiedergabeanordnungen nach dem Biegewellenprinzip |
DE19821855A1 (de) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-18 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Plattenlautsprecher |
DE29923450U1 (de) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-09-28 | Slab Technology Ltd Albany | Lautsprecher |
WO2000054552A1 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-14 | New Transducers Limited | Resonant-mode panel loudspeaker with light emitter |
US6443586B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2002-09-03 | New Transducers Limited | Light-emitting panel-form loudspeaker |
TW498698B (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2002-08-11 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Loudspeaker having an acoustic panel and an electrical driver |
DE10030746B4 (de) * | 2000-06-23 | 2008-11-20 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Innenverkleidungsteil für Fahrzeuge und verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
FI20011303A (fi) | 2001-06-19 | 2002-12-20 | Nokia Corp | Kaiutin |
US8284955B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2012-10-09 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US11431312B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2022-08-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10848118B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10158337B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US11202161B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2021-12-14 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US10701505B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
US10069471B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2018-09-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US9615189B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-04-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Artificial ear apparatus and associated methods for generating a head related audio transfer function |
US10848867B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-11-24 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
DE102006039455A1 (de) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-03-13 | Puren Gmbh | Flächenlautsprechervorrichtung |
JP2010110011A (ja) * | 2010-01-13 | 2010-05-13 | Sony Corp | スピーカを有する機器 |
DE102012025313B3 (de) * | 2012-12-22 | 2014-02-20 | Audi Ag | Schallwandler zur Wandlung elektrischer Signale in Luftschall |
US9883318B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2018-01-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for stereo field enhancement in two-channel audio systems |
US9264004B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2016-02-16 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing |
US9906858B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US10639000B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-05-05 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US9615813B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | Device for wide-band auscultation |
US10820883B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2020-11-03 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Noise reduction assembly for auscultation of a body |
US9564146B2 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2017-02-07 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment |
US9638672B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2017-05-02 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body |
WO2017087495A1 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-26 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Surface acoustic transducer |
US9621994B1 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Surface acoustic transducer |
WO2019200119A1 (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2019-10-17 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Audio enhanced hearing protection system |
US10959035B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-03-23 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
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Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3247925A (en) * | 1962-03-08 | 1966-04-26 | Lord Corp | Loudspeaker |
JPS5748153Y2 (ru) * | 1977-11-26 | 1982-10-22 | ||
JPS5928798A (ja) * | 1982-08-09 | 1984-02-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | スピ−カ振動板 |
JPH01164935A (ja) * | 1987-12-21 | 1989-06-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | スクリーン装置 |
JPH02170795A (ja) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-07-02 | Foster Electric Co Ltd | パネル型スピーカ |
JPH0386688U (ru) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-09-02 | ||
DE69106712T2 (de) * | 1990-08-04 | 1995-06-08 | Secr Defence Brit | Paneelförmiger lautsprecher. |
JPH04186240A (ja) * | 1990-11-20 | 1992-07-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | スクリーン |
US5400407A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1995-03-21 | Square D Company | Tilt adjuster for a speaker support frame |
-
1996
- 1996-09-02 RO RO98-00642A patent/RO119046B1/ro unknown
- 1996-09-02 ES ES96929387T patent/ES2131953T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 CA CA002230702A patent/CA2230702A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-02 EP EP96929387A patent/EP0847659B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-02 EA EA199800249A patent/EA002108B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 DK DK96929387T patent/DK0847659T3/da active
- 1996-09-02 AU AU68802/96A patent/AU702920B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-02 AT AT96929387T patent/ATE177574T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-09-02 JP JP9510943A patent/JPH11512246A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-02 DE DE69601723T patent/DE69601723T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-02 WO PCT/GB1996/002140 patent/WO1997009840A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1998
- 1998-07-28 HK HK98109452A patent/HK1008647A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5025474A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1991-06-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Speaker system with image projection screen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA002108B1 (ru) | 2001-12-24 |
DK0847659T3 (da) | 1999-09-27 |
RO119046B1 (ro) | 2004-02-27 |
AU6880296A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
DE69601723T2 (de) | 1999-09-16 |
HK1008647A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
JPH11512246A (ja) | 1999-10-19 |
ATE177574T1 (de) | 1999-03-15 |
WO1997009840A2 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
DE69601723D1 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
ES2131953T3 (es) | 1999-08-01 |
EA199800249A1 (ru) | 1998-08-27 |
EP0847659A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
CA2230702A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
AU702920B2 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
WO1997009840A3 (en) | 1997-04-03 |
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