EP0847462A1 - Novel draining wall, method for producing same and element implementated thereby - Google Patents

Novel draining wall, method for producing same and element implementated thereby

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Publication number
EP0847462A1
EP0847462A1 EP97930589A EP97930589A EP0847462A1 EP 0847462 A1 EP0847462 A1 EP 0847462A1 EP 97930589 A EP97930589 A EP 97930589A EP 97930589 A EP97930589 A EP 97930589A EP 0847462 A1 EP0847462 A1 EP 0847462A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
trench
excavation
intermediate elements
elementary
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97930589A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0847462B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Deniau
Alain Soriano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche Bachy France
Original Assignee
Bachy
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bachy filed Critical Bachy
Publication of EP0847462A1 publication Critical patent/EP0847462A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0847462B1 publication Critical patent/EP0847462B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains

Definitions

  • New draining wall process for its production and element used.
  • the invention relates to a new draining wall, a method for its production and an element used in this production.
  • the draining wall technique is well known. It is a technique derived from that of the diaphragm wall to make continuous draining trenches at depths (10-20 meters and more) impossible to reach with conventional earthmoving techniques.
  • the realization is done in excavation under excavation fluid and by gravelling successive elementary panels which are in communication as the progress of the building site.
  • a temporary formwork which makes it possible to retain the filtering material (gravel) of the panel N during the excavation of the panel N + 1.
  • This formwork is then extracted when the graveling of the panels N and N + 1 is completed on either side of said formwork.
  • the current technique does not allow the continuity of the wall to be checked as it is made. This verification can only be done after evacuation of the excavating fluid over the entire width of the wall, therefore after completion thereof.
  • the current technique does not allow fractional, progressive commissioning during the execution phase.
  • the current technique does not make it possible to carry out localized maintenance operations such as cleaning, re-excavation for changing the filtering material without putting the entire wall under excavating fluid and therefore falling back on the preceding drawbacks.
  • the current technique does not allow the installation of a continuous drainage conduit at the bottom of the wall.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these problems and drawbacks by proposing a new type of draining wall.
  • the present invention is based on the idea of making the draining trench panel by panel while providing means allowing subsequent communication of the constituent panels of the trench in order to make it operational. More particularly, the invention relates to a draining wall consisting of a plurality of elementary panels (P) filled with a filter material (10), characterized in that said panels are separated from each other by intermediate elements (J) molded in the ground and in that an element (2) connecting each pair of adjacent panels is embedded in the lower part of each intermediate element.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a draining wall in accordance with the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) carrying out boreholes or excavations El to En spaced along the course of the draining wall to be produced, these boreholes or excavations being spaced from each other by a distance corresponding substantially to the length of an elementary panel of the wall and produced under excavating fluid.
  • the hardened material of the intermediate elements is cut, the excavation step (d) is carried out so that the excavation tool comes to cut the sides of the intermediate elements Jl and J2 contiguous to said trench, and the excavation step g) is carried out so that the excavation tool comes to intersect the sides of the intermediate elements J2 and J3 contiguous to said trench.
  • the excavation steps d) and g) are carried out without intersecting the sides of the intermediate elements Jl and J2, and J2 and J3, respectively, the elimination of the closed end parts which can be eliminated from the embedded elements at the base of the intermediate elements being carried out in another suitable manner, for example by a means or tool provided in the perennial central part of the tubular element or introduced into it from the ground.
  • the material constituting the intermediate elements need not be cut, of course.
  • the method may further comprise the laying of perforated drainage conduits connecting the tubular elements of two successive intermediate elements and serving as collectors, before the placement of the filtering material.
  • the invention finally relates to a tubular element useful for the implementation of the method of the invention and / or the production of a draining trench according to the invention, which comprises a perennial central tubular part made of a relatively resistant material (for example made of metal), closed tubular end portions which can be eliminated in a relatively fragile material (for example plastic), and a means for temporarily closing off said central part.
  • said shutter means can be actuated from the ground surface.
  • said closure means comprises an inflatable element, such as a balloon, which can be inflated and deflated from the surface of the ground.
  • a valve can be used as a reversible closure means.
  • the intermediate elements may have a cross section of any shape, for example square, rectangular or circular.
  • the dimension of the intermediate elements, perpendicular to the trench may be equal to or greater than the thickness of the draining trench to be produced. A greater width can be advantageous, especially in soft ground, to minimize the risk of the intermediate element being bypassed by excavating fluid.
  • the intermediate elements can be produced as a result of the hardening of the excavating fluid when the latter is hardenable, for example when a curable grout is used as the excavating fluid, or alternatively by the substitution of a curable material (for example a mortar or plastic concrete) to the excavating fluid when the latter is not hardenable.
  • a curable material for example a mortar or plastic concrete
  • a curable grout When used to produce the intermediate elements, it can be of any kind provided that it hardens into a hardened material of sufficient cohesion so that it plays its role of intermediate element.
  • a grout can be used based on bentonite and cement. Once the grout has hardened, it can easily be cut by the excavation tool.
  • Excavation fluids useful for excavating the elementary trenches between the intermediate elements must be non-hardening and non-clogging.
  • Such fluids can be prepared from well known products commercially available from various suppliers. These include, for example REVERT ® manufactured by JOHNSON Company, distributed by JOHNSON FILTRATION SYSTEMS, ZI 86530 Availles. The rheology of these fluids is easily adjustable following the advice of the manufacturers. Non-clogging properties usually result from biodegradability of the fluid.
  • the type of filter material placed in the elementary trenches constituting the draining trench is not critical. This material is usually formed of sand, gravel and gravel, the grain sizes and proportions of which are chosen according to the conditions prevailing on the site of the draining trench. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine an adequate material for each situation.
  • Figures 1 to 6 are schematic sectional views illustrating the different stages of the method of the invention and the final draining trench obtained.
  • FIG 7 is a schematic perspective view of a tubular member, implemented in the method of the invention.
  • Figures 1 to 6 there is shown the different stages of making a draining slice by the method of the invention.
  • a tubular element 2 illustrated in detail in FIG. 7, comprising a central metal part 3 in which a conduit 4, closed at its ends by lids 5, made of plastic, of length greater than that of part 3, but slightly less than the length of each of the excavations E.
  • the element 2 also comprises a tube 6 perpendicular to the central part 3, connected to the latter and communicating with the interior of the conduit 4 by means of suitable bores provided on the central part and the conduit 4 and extending to above the ground surface.
  • the element finally comprises an inflatable balloon 7 located inside the duct 4, in line with the tube 6, which can be inflated or deflated from the ground surface by means of a small pipe 8 running in the tube 6.
  • the element 2 is oriented substantially parallel to the direction of the trench.
  • Element 1 can rest on the bottom of the excavation receiving it, as shown, but this is not compulsory.
  • the excavating fluid is then allowed to set in the excavations El-3 with the result of the formation of intermediate elements J1 to J3 molded in the ground and coating, at their lower end, the elements 2 ( Figure 2).
  • the next step consists in excavating, under non-hardening excavating fluid, an elementary trench Tl between the intermediate elements Jl and J2 using an appropriate tool 9, such as an excavation bucket or equivalent, in causing the tool to pile up the sides of the intermediate elements Jl and J2 facing the trench Tl.
  • the tool breaks in particular the ends of the plastic conduit 4 facing Tl, in particular eliminating the lids 5 (FIG. 3).
  • the trench Tl is finished, it is filled with a suitable filter medium 10, while pumping the excavating fluid in order to remove it from Tl ( Figure 4).
  • a first elementary panel Pi is thus obtained.
  • the inflatable balloon 7 closes the tubular element in its central part.
  • the balloon 7 can be inflated either before the positioning of the element 2 in the excavation, or after but in any case before the completion of the trench T2.
  • the tubular element is closed during the construction of the trench T2, at least when the excavation tool arrives at the level of the element 2 because, otherwise, the filling excavation fluid T2 would pass through element 2 and would invade the trench Tl previously produced, which would go against the aim sought by the invention which is to have only one elementary trench filled with excavation fluid at a time.
  • the excavation of the elemental trench T2 is carried out as that of the elemental trench Tl, with destruction of the sealed ends of the elements 2, then ⁇ pours the filter material in T2 while pumping the excavation fluid ( Figure 5). A second elementary panel P2 is thus obtained.
  • Each tubular element 2 must finally be unobstructed to ensure that the various elementary panels constituting the draining trench communicate in service.
  • the extraction of a particular balloon can be carried out at any time as soon as the two elementary trenches flanking the element 2 comprising said balloon have been emptied of their excavation fluid.
  • the tubes 6, after extraction of the balloons can find utility as piezometers as well as for the maintenance of the passages made between the elementary panels. They can, in fact, be used to send a jet of water or pressurized air intended to rinse or unclog these passages.
  • FIG. 6 an optional alternative embodiment has been illustrated including a step of positioning perforated conduits 11 acting as collectors between the elements 2. This optional step is carried out at the end of the excavation of each elementary trench, before spillage of filter material.
  • the location of the openings of the tubular elements in the excavating fluid with a view to connecting the conduits 11 to it can be facilitated by an ultrasonic tracking device, known per se.
  • the draining wall can have a thickness of 40-150 cm and a depth of 10 to 20 m and more.
  • the intermediate elements can have a length of 1.5 to 2 m, and the elementary trenches can have a length of 4 to 12 m.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR97/01136 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 19, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 19, 1998 PCT Filed Jun. 25, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/49871 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 31, 1997A draining wall comprises a plurality of elementary panels (P) filled with a filtering material (10), wherein the panels are separated from one another by intermediate elements (J) and in that an element (2) connecting each pair of adjacent panels is embedded in the lower part of each intermediate element. The application also discloses a method and an element for its implementation. The invention is particularly useful for landslide areas.

Description

Nouvelle paroi drainante, procédé pour sa réalisation et élément mis en oeuyre.New draining wall, process for its production and element used.
L'invention concerne une nouvelle paroi drainante, un procédé pour sa réalisation et un élément mis en oeuvre dans cette réalisation.The invention relates to a new draining wall, a method for its production and an element used in this production.
La technique de la paroi drainante est bien connue. C'est une technique dérivée de celle de la paroi moulée pour réaliser des tranchées drainantes continues à des profondeurs (10-20 mètres et plus) impossibles à atteindre avec les techniques de terrassement conventionnelles. La réalisation se fait en excavant sous fluide d'excavation et en gravillonnant des panneaux élémentaires successifs qui se trouvent en communication à mesure de la progression du chantier. A cette fin, à une extrémité de chaque panneau N est placé un coffrage provisoire qui permet de retenir le matériau filtrant (gravillons) du panneau N pendant l'excavation du panneau N+l. Ce coffrage est ensuite extrait lorsque le gravillonnage des panneaux N et N+l est terminé de part et d'autre dudit coffrage.The draining wall technique is well known. It is a technique derived from that of the diaphragm wall to make continuous draining trenches at depths (10-20 meters and more) impossible to reach with conventional earthmoving techniques. The realization is done in excavation under excavation fluid and by gravelling successive elementary panels which are in communication as the progress of the building site. To this end, at one end of each panel N is placed a temporary formwork which makes it possible to retain the filtering material (gravel) of the panel N during the excavation of the panel N + 1. This formwork is then extracted when the graveling of the panels N and N + 1 is completed on either side of said formwork.
Cette technique ne convient pas toujours à la réalisation d'une paroi drainante dans un terrain en pente susceptible de glissements. En effet, en raison du fait que la paroi est continue sur toute sa hauteur et toute sa longueur et présente donc une surface importante, et que les panneaux déjà réalisés ou en cours de réalisation sont remplis de fluide d'excavation (mélangé à des gravillons pour les panneaux réalisés) jusqu'au niveau du sol, le fluide d'excavation exerce sur la face aval de la paroi une poussée importante qui peut activer le glissement de terrain avant même d'avoir mis la paroi en service. Egalement, l'emploi de simples coffrages pour séparer le panneau N+l en cours d'exécution du panneau N déjà réalisé est souvent délicat et ne permet pas dans le terrain où l'excavation génère des profils de tranchées irréguliers, d'éviter des fuites de matériau filtrant du panneau N vers le panneau N+l durant l'excavation de ce dernier.This technique is not always suitable for producing a draining wall in a sloping ground liable to slip. Indeed, due to the fact that the wall is continuous over its entire height and its entire length and therefore has a large surface area, and that the panels already made or in progress are filled with excavating fluid (mixed with gravel for the panels made) up to ground level, the excavating fluid exerts on the downstream face of the wall a significant thrust which can activate the landslide even before having put the wall into service. Also, the use of simple formwork to separate the N + 1 panel during the execution of the N panel already made is often delicate and does not allow, in the ground where the excavation generates irregular trench profiles, to avoid leakage of filter material from panel N to panel N + 1 during the excavation of the latter.
La technique actuelle ne permet pas de vérifier la continuité de la paroi au fur et à mesure de sa réalisation. Cette vérification ne peut être faite qu'après évacuation du fluide d'excavation sur la totalité de la largeur de la paroi donc après achèvement de celle-ci.The current technique does not allow the continuity of the wall to be checked as it is made. This verification can only be done after evacuation of the excavating fluid over the entire width of the wall, therefore after completion thereof.
La technique actuelle n'autorise pas une mise en service fractionnée, progressive pendant la phase d'exécution. La technique actuelle ne permet pas de procéder à des opérations localisées de maintenance telles que curage, ré¬ excavation pour changement du matériau filtrant sans remettre sous fluide d'excavation la totalité de la paroi et donc retomber sur les inconvénients précédents. Enfin, la technique actuelle ne permet pas la pose d'un conduit de drainage continu en fond de paroi.The current technique does not allow fractional, progressive commissioning during the execution phase. The current technique does not make it possible to carry out localized maintenance operations such as cleaning, re-excavation for changing the filtering material without putting the entire wall under excavating fluid and therefore falling back on the preceding drawbacks. Finally, the current technique does not allow the installation of a continuous drainage conduit at the bottom of the wall.
La présente invention vise à remédier à ces problèmes et inconvénients en proposant un nouveau type de paroi drainante. La présente invention est basée sur l'idée de réaliser panneau par panneau la tranchée drainante tout en prévoyant des moyens permettant de mettre en cqmmunication ultérieurement les panneaux constitutifs de la tranchée en vue de rendre celle-ci opérationnelle. Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne une paroi drainante constituée d'une pluralité de panneaux élémentaires (P) remplis d'un matériau filtrant (10), caractérisée en ce que lesdits panneaux sont séparés les uns des autres par des éléments intermédiaires (J) moulés dans le sol et en ce qu'un élément (2) mettant en communication chaque paire de panneaux adjacents est noyé dans la partie inférieure de chaque élément intermédiaire. L'invention concerne également un procédé pour la réalisation d'une paroi drainante conforme à l'invention, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : a) réalisation de forages ou d'excavations El à En espacés le long du tracé de la paroi drainante à réaliser, ces forages ou excavations étant espacés les uns des autres d'une distance correspondant sensiblement à la longueur d'un panneau élémentaire de la paroi et réalisés sous fluide d' excavation. b) positionnement à la partie inférieure de chacun de ces forages ou excavations d'un élément tubulaire comportant une partie centrale pérenne et des parties extrêmes obturées éliminables, ledit élément étant orienté sensiblement dans le sens de la paroi drainante à réaliser et d'une longueur légèrement inférieure à celle du forage ou de l'excavation, c) durcissement du fluide d'excavation se trouvant dans chacun desdits forages ou excavations ou substitution de celui-ci par un matériau durcissable de façon à former des éléments intermédiaires Jl à Jn en matériau durci, moulés dans le sol, d) excavation sous fluide d'excavation d'une première tranchée élémentaire entre les éléments intermédiaires Jl et J2 obtenus en c) , et élimination des parties extrêmes obturées éliminables des éléments noyés à la base desdits éléments intermédiaires et tournées vers ladite tranchée, e) remplissage du tronçon de tranchée obtenu en d) par un matériau filtrant, et évacuation du fluide d'excavation se trouvant dans ledit tronçon de tranchée, afin d'obtenir un premier panneau élémentaire, f) obturation de la partie centrale de l'élément noyé dans l'élément intermédiaire J2 à un stade quelconque du procédé mais avant l'étape g) suivante, g) excavation sous fluide d'excavation d'une deuxième tranchée élémentaire entre les éléments intermédiaires J2 et J3 obtenus en c) , et élimination des parties extrêmes obturées éliminables des éléments noyés à la base desdits éléments intermédiaires et tournées vers ladite tranchée, h) remplissage du tronçon de tranchée obtenu en g) par un matériau filtrant, et évacuation du fluide d'excavation se trouvant dans ledit tronçon de tranchée, afin d'obtenir un deuxième panneau élémentaire, i) obturation de la partie centrale de l'élément noyé dans l'élément intermédiaire J3 à un stade quelconque du procédé mais avant l'étape suivante, et ainsi de suite jusqu'à l'achèvement de l'ouvrage, et j) l'ouverture de la partie centrale de chaque élément noyé dans un élément intermédiaire quelconque à un moment quelconque après l'évacuation du fluide d'excavation se trouvant dans les tranchées élémentaires situées de part et d'autre de cet élément intermédiaire.The present invention aims to remedy these problems and drawbacks by proposing a new type of draining wall. The present invention is based on the idea of making the draining trench panel by panel while providing means allowing subsequent communication of the constituent panels of the trench in order to make it operational. More particularly, the invention relates to a draining wall consisting of a plurality of elementary panels (P) filled with a filter material (10), characterized in that said panels are separated from each other by intermediate elements (J) molded in the ground and in that an element (2) connecting each pair of adjacent panels is embedded in the lower part of each intermediate element. The invention also relates to a method for producing a draining wall in accordance with the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) carrying out boreholes or excavations El to En spaced along the course of the draining wall to be produced, these boreholes or excavations being spaced from each other by a distance corresponding substantially to the length of an elementary panel of the wall and produced under excavating fluid. b) positioning at the lower part of each of these boreholes or excavations of a tubular element comprising a perennial central part and eliminable closed end parts, said element being oriented substantially in the direction of the draining wall to be produced and of a length slightly lower than that of drilling or excavation, c) hardening of the excavating fluid found in each of said drilling or excavation or substitution thereof by a hardenable material so as to form intermediate elements Jl to Jn of material hardened, molded in the ground, d) excavation under excavating fluid of a first elementary trench between the intermediate elements Jl and J2 obtained in c), and elimination of the closed end parts eliminable from the elements embedded at the base of said intermediate elements and facing towards said trench, e) filling of the section of trench obtained in d) with a material filtering, and evacuation of the excavating fluid being in said section of trench, in order to obtain a first elementary panel, f) obturation of the central part of the element embedded in the intermediate element J2 at any stage of the process but before step g) below, g) excavation under excavation fluid of a second elementary trench between the intermediate elements J2 and J3 obtained in c), and elimination of the closed end parts eliminable from the elements embedded at the base of said elements intermediaries and turned towards said trench, h) filling of the section of trench obtained in g) with a filtering material, and evacuation of the excavating fluid being in said section of trench, in order to obtain a second elementary panel, i) obturation of the central part of the element embedded in the intermediate element J3 at any stage of the process but before the next step, and so on until the completion of the structure, and j) the opening of the central part of each embedded element in any intermediate element at any time after the evacuation of the excavating fluid located in the elementary trenches located on either side of this intermediate element.
Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre, le matériau durci des éléments intermédiaires est recoupable, l'étape d'excavation (d) est réalisée de manière que l'outil d'excavation vienne recouper les côtés des éléments intermédiaires Jl et J2 contigus à ladite tranchée, et l'étape d'excavation g) est réalisée de manière que l'outil d'excavation vienne recouper les côtés des éléments intermédiaires J2 et J3 contigus à ladite tranchée.According to one embodiment, the hardened material of the intermediate elements is cut, the excavation step (d) is carried out so that the excavation tool comes to cut the sides of the intermediate elements Jl and J2 contiguous to said trench, and the excavation step g) is carried out so that the excavation tool comes to intersect the sides of the intermediate elements J2 and J3 contiguous to said trench.
Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre les étapes d'excavation d) et g) sont effectuées sans venir recouper les côtés des éléments intermédiaires Jl et J2, et J2 et J3, respectivement, l'élimination des parties extrêmes obturées éliminables des éléments noyés à la base des éléments intermédiaires étant effectuée d'une autre manière appropriée, par exemple par un moyen ou outil prévu dans la partie centrale pérenne de l'élément tubulaire ou introduit dans celle-ci à partir du sol. Avec cette variante, le matériau constituant les éléments intermédiaires n'a pas besoin d'être recoupable, bien évidemment.According to another embodiment, the excavation steps d) and g) are carried out without intersecting the sides of the intermediate elements Jl and J2, and J2 and J3, respectively, the elimination of the closed end parts which can be eliminated from the embedded elements at the base of the intermediate elements being carried out in another suitable manner, for example by a means or tool provided in the perennial central part of the tubular element or introduced into it from the ground. With this variant, the material constituting the intermediate elements need not be cut, of course.
Facultativement, si on le désire, le procédé peut comprendre en outre, la pose de conduits de drainage perforés reliant les éléments tubulaires de deux éléments intermédiaires successifs et servant de collecteurs, avant la mise en place du matériau filtrant. L' invention concerne enfin un élément tubulaire utile pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention et/ou la réalisation d'une tranchée drainante selon l'invention, qui comporte une partie tubulaire centrale pérenne en un matériau relativement résistant (par exemple en métal) , des partie extrêmes tubulaires obturées éliminables en un matériau relativement fragile (par exemple en matière plastique), et un moyen d'obturation temporaire de ladite partie centrale. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit moyen d'obturation est actionnable depuis la surface du sol.Optionally, if desired, the method may further comprise the laying of perforated drainage conduits connecting the tubular elements of two successive intermediate elements and serving as collectors, before the placement of the filtering material. The invention finally relates to a tubular element useful for the implementation of the method of the invention and / or the production of a draining trench according to the invention, which comprises a perennial central tubular part made of a relatively resistant material (for example made of metal), closed tubular end portions which can be eliminated in a relatively fragile material (for example plastic), and a means for temporarily closing off said central part. According to a preferred embodiment, said shutter means can be actuated from the ground surface.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, ledit moyen d'obturation comprend un élément gonflable, tel qu'un ballon, pouvant être gonflé et dégonflé depuis la surface du sol. En variante, une vanne peut être utilisée comme moyen d'obturation réversible.According to a particular embodiment, said closure means comprises an inflatable element, such as a balloon, which can be inflated and deflated from the surface of the ground. Alternatively, a valve can be used as a reversible closure means.
Les éléments intermédiaires peuvent avoir une section transversale de forme quelconque, par exemple carrée, rectangulaire ou circulaire. La dimension des éléments intermédiaires, perpendiculaire à la tranchée peut être égale ou supérieure à l'épaisseur de la tranchée drainante à réaliser. Une largeur supérieure peut être intéressante, surtout en terrain meuble, pour minimiser les risques de contournement de l'élément intermédiaire par du fluide d'excavation.The intermediate elements may have a cross section of any shape, for example square, rectangular or circular. The dimension of the intermediate elements, perpendicular to the trench may be equal to or greater than the thickness of the draining trench to be produced. A greater width can be advantageous, especially in soft ground, to minimize the risk of the intermediate element being bypassed by excavating fluid.
Les éléments intermédiaires peuvent être réalisés comme conséquence du durcissement du fluide d'excavation lorsque celui-ci est durcissable, par exemple lorsqu'un coulis durcissable est utilisé comme fluide d'excavation, ou bien par substitution d'un matériau durcissable (par exemple un mortier ou un béton plastique) au fluide d'excavation lorsque ce dernier n'est pas durcissable.The intermediate elements can be produced as a result of the hardening of the excavating fluid when the latter is hardenable, for example when a curable grout is used as the excavating fluid, or alternatively by the substitution of a curable material (for example a mortar or plastic concrete) to the excavating fluid when the latter is not hardenable.
Lorsqu'on emploie un coulis durcissable pour réaliser les éléments intermédiaires, il peut être de toute nature pourvu qu'il durcisse en un matériau durci de cohésion suffisante pour qu'il joue son rôle d'élément intermédiaire. A titre d'exemple non limitatif on peut utiliser un coulis à base de bentonite et de ciment. Le coulis une fois durci peut être aisément recoupé par l'outil d'excavation.When a curable grout is used to produce the intermediate elements, it can be of any kind provided that it hardens into a hardened material of sufficient cohesion so that it plays its role of intermediate element. As a nonlimiting example, a grout can be used based on bentonite and cement. Once the grout has hardened, it can easily be cut by the excavation tool.
Les fluides d'excavation utiles pour l'excavation des tranchées élémentaires entre les éléments intermédiaires doivent être non durcissables et non colmatants. De tels fluides peuvent être préparés à partir de produits bien connus disponibles dans le commerce auprès de divers fournisseurs. On peut citer, par exemple le REVERT® fabriqué par la Société JOHNSON, distribué par JOHNSON FILTRATION SYSTEMS, Z.I. 86530 Availles. La rhéologie de ces fluides est facilement réglable en suivant les conseils des fabricants. Les propriétés de non-colmatage résultent habituellement d'une biodégradabilité du fluide.Excavation fluids useful for excavating the elementary trenches between the intermediate elements must be non-hardening and non-clogging. Such fluids can be prepared from well known products commercially available from various suppliers. These include, for example REVERT ® manufactured by JOHNSON Company, distributed by JOHNSON FILTRATION SYSTEMS, ZI 86530 Availles. The rheology of these fluids is easily adjustable following the advice of the manufacturers. Non-clogging properties usually result from biodegradability of the fluid.
Le type de matériau filtrant mis en place dans les tranchées élémentaires constituant la tranchée drainante n'est pas critique. Ce matériau est habituellement formé de sable, gravillons et graviers dont les granulométries et les proportions sont choisies en fonction des conditions prévalant sur le site de la tranchée drainante. L'homme du métier saura déterminer un matériau adéquat pour chaque situation.The type of filter material placed in the elementary trenches constituting the draining trench is not critical. This material is usually formed of sand, gravel and gravel, the grain sizes and proportions of which are chosen according to the conditions prevailing on the site of the draining trench. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine an adequate material for each situation.
La description qui va suivre sera faite en se référant aux dessins sur lesquels :The following description will be made with reference to the drawings in which:
Les figures 1 à 6 sont des vues schématiques en coupe illustrant les différentes étapes du procédé de l'invention et la tranchée drainante finale obtenue.Figures 1 to 6 are schematic sectional views illustrating the different stages of the method of the invention and the final draining trench obtained.
La figure 7 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un élément tubulaire, mis en oeuvre dans le procédé de l' invention. Sur les figures 1 à 6, on a représenté les différentes étapes de réalisation d'une tranché drainante par le procédé de l'invention.Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of a tubular member, implemented in the method of the invention. In Figures 1 to 6, there is shown the different stages of making a draining slice by the method of the invention.
On commence par réaliser des excavations El à En, par exemple, sous fluide d'excavation durcissable 1 dont trois ont été représentées seulement (figure 1) dans un but de simplification de représentation. Il est à noter d'ailleurs que, les excavations El à En n'ont pas besoin d'être toutes réalisées avant de commencer des étapes suivantes. L'homme du métier comprendra qu'on pourrait, par exemple, réaliser trois excavations El-3 dans un premier temps, exécuter les deux panneaux drainants élémentaires situés entre les éléments intermédiaires moulés dans ces excavations, puis réaliser les excavations E4-6 et ainsi de suite.We start by carrying out excavations El to En, for example, under curable excavating fluid 1, three of which have only been shown (FIG. 1) for the purpose of simplifying representation. It should be noted, moreover, that the excavations El to En do not need to be all before starting the following steps. A person skilled in the art will understand that one could, for example, carry out three El-3 excavations at first, execute the two elementary draining panels situated between the intermediate elements molded in these excavations, then carry out the excavations E4-6 and thus right now.
Avant prise du fluide d'excavation, on descend dans chacune de ces excavations un élément tubulaire 2, illustré en détail sur la figure 7, comprenant une partie centrale 3 en métal dans laquelle est enfilé, de façon centrée, un conduit 4, clos à ses extrémités par des opercules 5, en matière plastique, de longueur supérieure à celle de la partie 3, mais légèrement inférieure à la longueur de chacune des excavations E. L'élément 2 comporte en outre un tube 6 perpendiculaire à la partie centrale 3, raccordé à celle-ci et communiquant avec l'intérieur du conduit 4 grâce à des perçages adéquats prévus sur la partie centrale et le conduit 4 et s'étendant jusqu'au-dessus de la surface du sol. L'élément comporte enfin un ballon gonflable 7 situé à l'intérieur du conduit 4, au droit du tube 6, qui peut être gonflé ou dégonflé depuis la surface du sol grâce à un petit tuyau 8 courant dans le tube 6. L'élément 2 est orienté sensiblement parallèlement à la direction de la tranchée.Before the excavation fluid is taken, one descends into each of these excavations a tubular element 2, illustrated in detail in FIG. 7, comprising a central metal part 3 in which a conduit 4, closed at its ends by lids 5, made of plastic, of length greater than that of part 3, but slightly less than the length of each of the excavations E. The element 2 also comprises a tube 6 perpendicular to the central part 3, connected to the latter and communicating with the interior of the conduit 4 by means of suitable bores provided on the central part and the conduit 4 and extending to above the ground surface. The element finally comprises an inflatable balloon 7 located inside the duct 4, in line with the tube 6, which can be inflated or deflated from the ground surface by means of a small pipe 8 running in the tube 6. The element 2 is oriented substantially parallel to the direction of the trench.
L'élément 1 peut reposer sur le fond de l'excavation le recevant, comme représenté, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire.Element 1 can rest on the bottom of the excavation receiving it, as shown, but this is not compulsory.
On laisse ensuite le fluide d'excavation faire prise dans les excavations El-3 avec comme résultat la formation d'éléments intermédiaires Jl à J3 moulés dans le sol et enrobant, à leur extrémité inférieure, les éléments 2 (figure 2) .The excavating fluid is then allowed to set in the excavations El-3 with the result of the formation of intermediate elements J1 to J3 molded in the ground and coating, at their lower end, the elements 2 (Figure 2).
L'étape suivante consiste à excaver, sous fluide d'excavation non durcissable, une tranchée élémentaire Tl entre les éléments intermédiaires Jl et J2 à l'aide d'un outil 9 approprié, telle qu'une benne d'excavation ou équivalent, en faisant en sorte que l'outil vienne remordre les côtés des éléments intermédiaires Jl et J2 tournés vers la tranchée Tl. Ce faisant l'outil vient rompre notamment les extrémités du conduit 4 en matière plastique tournées vers Tl, éliminant notamment les opercules 5 (figure 3) . Une fois la tranchée Tl terminée, elle est remplie d'un milieu filtrant 10, approprié, tout en procédant au pompage du fluide d'excavation afin d'éliminer celui-ci de Tl (figure 4) . On obtient ainsi un premier panneau élémentaire Pi.The next step consists in excavating, under non-hardening excavating fluid, an elementary trench Tl between the intermediate elements Jl and J2 using an appropriate tool 9, such as an excavation bucket or equivalent, in causing the tool to pile up the sides of the intermediate elements Jl and J2 facing the trench Tl. In doing so, the tool breaks in particular the ends of the plastic conduit 4 facing Tl, in particular eliminating the lids 5 (FIG. 3). Once the trench Tl is finished, it is filled with a suitable filter medium 10, while pumping the excavating fluid in order to remove it from Tl (Figure 4). A first elementary panel Pi is thus obtained.
On peut alors passer à l'excavation, toujours sous fluide d'excavation non durcissable, de la tranchée élémentaire T2 entre les éléments intermédiaires J2 et J3. Toutefois, avant d'exécuter T2, on s'assure que le ballon gonflable 7 obture l'élément tubulaire en sa partie centrale. A cette fin, le ballon 7 peut être gonflé soit avant le positionnement de l'élément 2 dans l'excavation, soit après mais en tout cas avant la réalisation de la tranchée T2.We can then proceed to excavation, still under non-hardening excavating fluid, of the elementary trench T2 between the intermediate elements J2 and J3. However, before executing T2, it is ensured that the inflatable balloon 7 closes the tubular element in its central part. To this end, the balloon 7 can be inflated either before the positioning of the element 2 in the excavation, or after but in any case before the completion of the trench T2.
Il est impératif que l'élément tubulaire soit obturé pendant la réalisation de la tranchée T2, au moins lorsque l'outil d'excavation arrive au niveau de l'élément 2 car, dans le cas contraire, le fluide d'excavation remplissant T2 passerait à travers l'élément 2 et viendrait envahir la tranchée Tl précédemment réalisée, ce qui irait à l'encontre du but recherché par l'invention qui est de n'avoir qu'une tranchée élémentaire remplie de fluide d'excavation à la fois. L'excavation de la tranchée élémentaire T2 est opérée comme celle de la tranchée élémentaire Tl, avec destruction des extrémités obturées des éléments 2, puis on^ déverse du matériau filtrant dans T2 tout en pompant le fluide d'excavation (figure 5). On obtient ainsi un deuxième panneau élémentaire P2.It is imperative that the tubular element is closed during the construction of the trench T2, at least when the excavation tool arrives at the level of the element 2 because, otherwise, the filling excavation fluid T2 would pass through element 2 and would invade the trench Tl previously produced, which would go against the aim sought by the invention which is to have only one elementary trench filled with excavation fluid at a time. The excavation of the elemental trench T2 is carried out as that of the elemental trench Tl, with destruction of the sealed ends of the elements 2, then ^ pours the filter material in T2 while pumping the excavation fluid (Figure 5). A second elementary panel P2 is thus obtained.
L'exécution des panneaux élémentaires suivants P3 à Pn s'opère de la même façon que décrit pour PI et P2, jusqu'à achèvement de la tranchée drainante.The execution of the following elementary panels P3 to Pn operates in the same way as described for PI and P2, until completion of the draining trench.
Chaque élément tubulaire 2 doit être finalement désobstrué pour assurer que les divers panneaux élémentaires constituant la tranchée drainante communiquent en service. A cette fin, on peut dégonfler, puis extraire les ballons 7 simplement en tirant sur les tuyaux 8 à partir de la surface du sol. L'extraction d'un ballon particulier peut être effectuée à tout moment dès lors que les deux tranchées élémentaires flanquant l'élément 2 comprenant ledit ballon ont été vidées de leur fluide d'excavation.Each tubular element 2 must finally be unobstructed to ensure that the various elementary panels constituting the draining trench communicate in service. To this end, we can deflate, then extract the balloons 7 simply by pulling the pipes 8 from the ground surface. The extraction of a particular balloon can be carried out at any time as soon as the two elementary trenches flanking the element 2 comprising said balloon have been emptied of their excavation fluid.
Il est à noter que les tubes 6, après extraction des ballons, peuvent trouver une utilité comme piézomètres ainsi que pour la maintenance des passages ménagés entre les panneaux élémentaires. On peut, en effet, les utiliser pour envoyer un jet d'eau ou d'air sous pression visant à rincer ou déboucher ces passages.It should be noted that the tubes 6, after extraction of the balloons, can find utility as piezometers as well as for the maintenance of the passages made between the elementary panels. They can, in fact, be used to send a jet of water or pressurized air intended to rinse or unclog these passages.
Sur la figure 6, on a illustré une variante d'exécution optionnelle incluant une étape de positionnement de conduits perforés 11 faisant office de collecteurs entre les éléments 2. Cette étape optionnelle est réalisée à la fin de l'excavation de chaque tranchée élémentaire, avant le déversement du matériau filtrant. La localisation des ouvertures des éléments tubulaires dans le fluide d'excavation en vue d'y raccorder les conduits 11 peut être facilitée par un dispositif de repérage à ultra-sons, connu en soi.In FIG. 6, an optional alternative embodiment has been illustrated including a step of positioning perforated conduits 11 acting as collectors between the elements 2. This optional step is carried out at the end of the excavation of each elementary trench, before spillage of filter material. The location of the openings of the tubular elements in the excavating fluid with a view to connecting the conduits 11 to it can be facilitated by an ultrasonic tracking device, known per se.
A titre indicatif et non limitatif, la paroi drainante peut avoir une épaisseur de 40-150 cm et une profondeur de 10 à 20 m et plus. Les éléments intermédiaires peuvent avoir une longueur de 1,5 à 2 m, et les tranchées élémentaires peuvent avoir une longueur de 4 à 12 m.As an indication and not a limitation, the draining wall can have a thickness of 40-150 cm and a depth of 10 to 20 m and more. The intermediate elements can have a length of 1.5 to 2 m, and the elementary trenches can have a length of 4 to 12 m.
Il va de soi que les modes de réalisation^ décrits ne sont que des exemples et l'on pourrait les modifier, notamment par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention. It goes without saying that the described ^ embodiments are only examples and could be modified, in particular by substituting technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Une paroi drainante constituée d'une pluralité de panneaux élémentaires (P) remplis d'un matériau filtrant1. A draining wall made up of a plurality of elementary panels (P) filled with a filtering material
(10) , caractérisée en ce que lesdits panneaux sont séparés les uns des autres par des éléments intermédiaires (J) moulés dans le sol et en ce qu'un élément (2) mettant en communication chaque paire de panneaux adjacents est noyé dans la partie inférieure de chaque élément intermédiaire.(10), characterized in that said panels are separated from each other by intermediate elements (J) molded in the ground and in that an element (2) connecting each pair of adjacent panels is embedded in the part bottom of each intermediate element.
2. Paroi selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les éléments intermédiaires ont une section transversale carrée, rectangulaire ou circulaire.2. Wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate elements have a square, rectangular or circular cross section.
3. Procédé pour la réalisation d'une paroi drainante caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : a) réalisation de forages ou d'excavations El à En espacés le long du tracé de la paroi drainante à réaliser, ces forages ou excavations étant espacés les uns des autres d'une distance correspondant sensiblement à la longueur d'un panneau élémentaire de la paroi et réalisés sous fluide d' excavation. b) positionnement à la partie inférieure de chacun de ces forages ou excavations d'un élément tubulaire (2) comportant une partie centrale pérenne (3) et des parties extrêmes obturées éliminables (4,5), ledit élément étant orienté sensiblement dans le sens de la paroi drainante à réaliser et d'une longueur légèrement inférieure à celle du forage ou de l'excavation, c) durcissement du fluide d'excavation se trouvant dans chacun desdits forages ou excavations ou substitution de celui-ci par un matériau durcissable de façon à former des éléments intermédiaires Jl à Jn en matériau durci, moulés dans le sol, d) excavation sous fluide d'excavation d'une première tranchée élémentaire Tl entre les éléments intermédiaires Jl et J2 obtenus en c) , et élimination des parties extrêmes obturées éliminables (4,5) des éléments (2) noyés à la base desdits éléments intermédiaires et tournées vers ladite tranchée, e) remplissage du tronçon de tranchée obtenu en d) par un matériau filtrant (10) , et évacuation du fluide d'excavation se trouvant dans ledit tronçon de tranchée, afin d'obtenir un premier panneau élémentaire PI, f) obturation de la partie centrale (3) de l'élément (2) noyé dans l'élément intermédiaire J2 à un stade quelconque du procédé mais avant l'étape g) suivante, g) excavation sous fluide d'excavation d'une deuxième tranchée élémentaire T2 entre les éléments intermédiaires J2 et J3 obtenus en c) , et élimination des parties extrêmes obturées éliminables des éléments noyés à la base desdits éléments intermédiaires et tournées vers ladite tranchée, h) remplissage du tronçon de tranchée obtenu en g) par un matériau filtrant (10) , et évacuation du fluide d'excavation se trouvant dans ledit tronçon de tranchée, afin d'obtenir un deuxième panneau élémentaire P2, i) obturation de la partie centrale (3) de l'élément (2) noyé dans l'élément intermédiaire J3 à un stade quelconque du procédé mais avant l'étape suivante, et ainsi de suite jusqu'à l'achèvement de l'ouvrage, et j) l'ouverture de la partie centrale (3) de chaque élément (2) noyé dans un élément intermédiaire quelconque à un moment quelconque après l'évacuation du fluide d'excavation se trouvant dans les tranchées élémentaires situées de part et d'autre de cet élément intermédiaire.3. A method for producing a draining wall, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) drilling or excavating El to En at spaced apart along the course of the draining wall to be produced, these drilling or excavations being spaced from each other by a distance corresponding substantially to the length of an elementary panel of the wall and produced under excavating fluid. b) positioning at the lower part of each of these boreholes or excavations of a tubular element (2) comprising a perennial central part (3) and eliminable closed end parts (4,5), said element being oriented substantially in the direction of the draining wall to be produced and of a length slightly shorter than that of the borehole or of the excavation, c) hardening of the excavation fluid found in each of said boreholes or excavations or substitution thereof by a curable material of so as to form intermediate elements Jl to Jn of hardened material, molded in the ground, d) excavation under excavating fluid of a first elementary trench Tl between the intermediate elements Jl and J2 obtained in c), and elimination of the extreme parts closable eliminable (4,5) of the elements (2) embedded at the base of said intermediate elements and turned towards said trench, e) filling of the trench section obtained in d) with a filtering material (10), and evacuation of the excavating fluid located in said trench section, in order to obtain a first elementary panel PI, f) obturation of the part central (3) of the element (2) embedded in the intermediate element J2 at any stage of the process but before step g) following, g) excavation under excavation fluid of a second elementary trench T2 between the intermediate elements J2 and J3 obtained in c), and elimination of the obturable end parts eliminable from the elements embedded at the base of said intermediate elements and facing towards said trench, h) filling of the section of trench obtained in g) with a filtering material (10) , and evacuation of the excavating fluid located in said trench section, in order to obtain a second elementary panel P2, i) obturation of the central part (3) of the element (2) embedded in the el intermediate J3 at any stage of the process but before the next step, and so on until the completion of the work, and j) the opening of the central part (3) of each element (2) embedded in any intermediate element at any time after the evacuation of the excavating fluid located in the elementary trenches located on either side of this intermediate element.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le matériau durci des éléments intermédiaires est recoupable, en ce que l'étape d'excavation d) est.réalisée de manière que l'outil d'excavation (9) vienne recouper les côtés des éléments intermédiaires Jl et J2 contigus à ladite tranchée et en ce que l'étape d'excavation g) est réalisée de manière que l'outil d'excavation (9) vienne recouper les côtés des éléments intermédiaires J2 et J3 contigus à ladite tranchée. 4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the hardened material of the intermediate elements can be cut, in that the excavation step d) est.réalisée so that the excavation tool (9) comes to cut the sides of the intermediate elements J1 and J2 contiguous to said trench and in that the excavation step g) is carried out so that the excavation tool (9) comes to intersect the sides of the intermediate elements J2 and J3 contiguous to said trench.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue l'élimination des parties extrêmes obturées par un moyen ou outil prévu dans la partie centrale pérenne de l'élément tubulaire ou introduit dans celle-ci à partir du sol.5. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that one carries out the elimination of the end parts closed by a means or tool provided in the perennial central part of the tubular member or introduced into it from the ground.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre, la pose de conduits perforés (11) reliant les éléments tubulaires (2) de deux éléments intermédiaires successifs et servant de collecteurs, avant la mise en place du matériau filtrant (10) .6. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it further comprises, the laying of perforated conduits (11) connecting the tubular elements (2) of two successive intermediate elements and serving as collectors, before the establishment filter material (10).
7. Elément tubulaire, utile pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une partie tubulaire centrale pérenne (3) en un matériau relativement résistant, des partie extrêmes tubulaires obturées éliminables (4, 5) en un matériau relativement fragile, et un moyen d'obturation temporaire7. Tubular element, useful for implementing the method of claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a perennial central tubular part (3) made of a relatively resistant material, closed tubular end parts which can be eliminated (4, 5). made of a relatively fragile material, and a temporary sealing means
(7) de ladite partie centrale. (7) of said central part.
8. Elément selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen d'obturation est actionnable depuis la surface du sol.8. Element according to claim 7, characterized in that said shutter means can be actuated from the ground surface.
9. Elément selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen d'obturation comprend un élément gonflable, tel qu'un ballon (7) , pouvant être gonflé et dégonflé depuis la surface du sol.9. Element according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said closure means comprises an inflatable element, such as a balloon (7), which can be inflated and deflated from the surface of the ground.
10. Elément selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen d'obturation comprend une vanne. 10. Element according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said closure means comprises a valve.
EP97930589A 1996-06-26 1997-06-25 Novel draining wall, method for producing same and element implementated thereby Expired - Lifetime EP0847462B1 (en)

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FR9607945A FR2750442B1 (en) 1996-06-26 1996-06-26 NOVEL DRAINING WALL, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND ELEMENT IMPLEMENTED
FR9607945 1996-06-26
PCT/FR1997/001136 WO1997049871A1 (en) 1996-06-26 1997-06-25 Novel draining wall, method for producing same and element implementated thereby

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NO980825D0 (en) 1998-02-26
FR2750442B1 (en) 1998-09-11
AU3448597A (en) 1998-01-14
NO314094B1 (en) 2003-01-27
FR2750442A1 (en) 1998-01-02
MY122014A (en) 2006-03-31
ES2157585T3 (en) 2001-08-16
JP3192661B2 (en) 2001-07-30
US6082928A (en) 2000-07-04
ID18736A (en) 1998-05-07
JPH11513086A (en) 1999-11-09
AU716745B2 (en) 2000-03-02
NO980825L (en) 1998-04-24
HK1011553A1 (en) 1999-07-16
EP0847462B1 (en) 2001-03-14
ATE199754T1 (en) 2001-03-15
WO1997049871A1 (en) 1997-12-31
DE69704253D1 (en) 2001-04-19
ZA975612B (en) 1998-01-23

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