EP0844395B1 - Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe - Google Patents
Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0844395B1 EP0844395B1 EP97119955A EP97119955A EP0844395B1 EP 0844395 B1 EP0844395 B1 EP 0844395B1 EP 97119955 A EP97119955 A EP 97119955A EP 97119955 A EP97119955 A EP 97119955A EP 0844395 B1 EP0844395 B1 EP 0844395B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- channels
- bidirectional dynamic
- flank
- micropump according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B43/04—Pumps having electric drive
- F04B43/043—Micropumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
- F04B53/1077—Flow resistance valves, e.g. without moving parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
- F04B2203/04—Motor parameters of linear electric motors
- F04B2203/0409—Linear speed
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bidirectional dynamic micropump for small quantities of liquid, in the case of simple means, the fluid flow in quantity and direction variable is etched into a silicon wafer.
- bidirectional pumps in which an undirected volume flow is generated, which is given by suitable measures a variable direction can be.
- the volume flow by volume change a chamber, usually by using pumping membranes; reached and the direction is determined by actively controlled mechanical Intake and exhaust valves.
- the disadvantage here is that except the pump drive more Actuators for the valves are required and results in a high control effort.
- micropumps with directional passive valves which are a preferred Spumpraum own and where a direction reversal by exploitation of resonance phenomena is possible, see for example EP 703364A. These consist of a number very exactly aligned elements / 1 /. The quantity control in the reverse direction is very limited and the possible delivery rate is different from the preferred direction.
- DE 42 23 019 and DE 44 22 743 are contain dynamic micropumps without mechanical valves based on directional Flow resistances work and a fixed flow direction exhibit.
- the invention is therefore based on the object with a small number of Functional elements to an easily reproducible miniaturized pumping device too create, with easy tax expense, one in both directions in wide Borders variable fluid flow generated and characterized by very small dimensions distinguished.
- the solution to this problem consists in a miniaturized arrangement of a Diaphragm pump and two connected flow channels such that due the excitation with special pulses in the flow channels to different Form times different resistance ratios.
- a structure is introduced into an (100) oriented Si wafer 1 by anisotropic etching, which, together with a glass cover layer 2 applied by anodic bonding, results in an arrangement of pump chamber 4 and channels 7, 8 (FIG. 1).
- the pumping chamber uses a piezo bimorph system as the drive diaphragm, which is formed by applying a piezoplate or piezoelectric layer 3 to the glass cover layer or chamber bottom. Between the piezoelectric actuator 3 and the glass cover layer 2 there is a metallization 6 and on the piezoelectric actuator 3 a further metallization 5 for electrical contacting of the actuator 3 (FIG. 2).
- the pumping chamber 4 is rectangular with a trapezoidal cross-section. Immediately before and behind the pumping chamber are channels 7,8 with triangular or or trapezoidal cross section of different cross-sectional area, which constitute a non-linear flow resistance with respect to the flow velocity.
- the mode of operation of the bidirectional dynamic micropump is based on the fact that laminar flows with defined flow resistances prevail in the channels of the pump structure up to a certain flow velocity and that the envelope of laminar flow to turbulent flow occurs when this flow velocity is exceeded (FIG. 3). This results in an increase of the flow resistance from R l to R t in the affected channel.
- this effect is utilized by selecting different geometries for the channels 7 and 8 (ie channel 7 has a significantly smaller cross section and thus a higher flow velocity, but a comparable laminar flow resistance R 1 ) and the piezoactuator 3 of FIG Pumping chamber 4 is acted upon by a characteristic of the pumping pulse shape. Simplified, it is assumed that the change in volume of the pumping chamber 4 is linear to the voltage applied to the piezoelectric actuator 3.
- this high-velocity fluid flow leads to the transition to turbulent flow and consequently to an increased flow resistance R t (FIG. 3).
- channel 8 occurs because of the larger cross section, a lower flow velocity and the transition to turbulent flow and thus to an increased flow resistance is not achieved.
- the pumping process in the direction of channel 7 turns out to be a reversal of the pumping process in the direction of channel 8.
- the flow rate results from the difference between the lift and sink current and can be controlled very flexibly in both pumping directions by varying the drive amplitude and the pulse repetition frequency.
- the efficiency of the arrangement described (db the ratio of flow rate to volume displacement) increases with the achieved ratio of R t to R l , ie with the amount of the value x.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1 -
- Schnittdarstellung der Pumpanordnung
- Figur 2 -
- Darstellung der Kanalgeometrie
- Figur 3 -
- Widerstandsverlauf eines Strömungswiderstandes in Abhängigkeit von der Flußgeschwindigkeit
- Figur 4 -
- Volumenströme und Kammervolumen beim Pumpvorgang
- Figur 5 -
- Volumenströme und Kammervolumen beim Pumpvorgang in Ge- genrichtung
Die Pumpkammer verwendet als Antriebsmembran ein Piezo-Bimorph-System, das durch Aufbringen einer Piezoplatte oder Piezoschicht 3 auf Glasdeckschicht oder Kammerboden gebildet wird. Zwischen Piezoaktor 3 und Glasdeckschicht 2 befindet sich eine Metallisierung 6 und auf dem Piezoaktor 3 eine weitere Metallisierung 5 zur elektrischen Kontaktierung des Aktors 3 (Fig. 2).
Die Pumpkammer 4 ist rechteckig mit trapezförmigem Querschnitt. Unmittelbar vor und hinter der Pumpkammer befinden sich Kanäle 7,8 mit dreieckigem oder oder trapezförmigem Querschnitt unterschiedlicher Querschnittsfläche, die bezüglich der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit einen nichtlinearen Strömungswiderstand darstellen.
Im Kanal 8 tritt wegen des größeren Querschnittes eine geringere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit auf und der Übergang zu turbulenter Strömung und damit zu einem erhöhten Strömungswiderstand wird nicht erreicht. Das aus der Pumpkammer verdrängte Volumen teilt sich im umgekehrten Verhältnis der Strömungswiderstände auf die Kanäle 7 und 8 auf, d.h. der Anteil im Kanal 7 beträgt (Rl)/(Rl+Rt)* ΔV1 =1/(1+x)* ΔV1 und der Anteil im Kanal b beträgt (Rt)/(Rl+Rt)* ΔV1 =x/(1+x)* ΔV1.
Der Wirkungsgrad der beschriebenen Anordnung (d.b. das Verhältnis von Fördermenge zu Volumenverdrängung) steigt mit dem erreichten Verhältnis von Rt zu Rl, also mit dem Betrag des Wertes x.
(Hierbei sind:
- R8l - der laminare Widerstand des Kanals 8,
- R7l - der laminare Widerstand des Kanals 7,
- R7t - der turbulente Widerstand des Kanals 7.)
Claims (7)
- Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe für kleine und kleinste Flüssigkeitsmengen mit Pumpkammer (4), Pumpenaktor (3) und zwei unterschiedlichen Kanälen dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kanäle (7 und 8) unterschiedliche Querschnittsform oder -fläche oder unterschiedliche Länge oder eine Kombination daraus aufweisen, die nichtlineare ungerichtete Stömungswiderstände unterschiedlicher Charakteristik darstellen, und deren variable Fluidströme zwischen laminarer und turbulenter Strömung mit geeigneten an den Aktor (3) angelegten Impulsen mit unsymmetrischer Flankensteilheit richtungsabhängig gesteuert werden.
- Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Struktur durch anisotropes Ätzen in einen Si-Wafer (1) eingebracht, mit einer Abdeckung verschlossen und mit einem Piezoaktor (3) versehen ist.
- Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser Impuls während mindestens eines Zeitraumes einer Periode eine Flankensteilheit aufweist, die in diesem Zeitraum in einem der Kanäle eine turbulente Strömung hervorruft.
- Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als einfachste Form des Impulses ein Sägezahn mit einer steilen und einer flachen Flanke geeignet ist.
- Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 4 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch Vertauschen der Steilheit der Anstiegs- und Abfallflanke des Impulses eine Richtungsumkehr hervorgerufen wird.
- Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 5 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Arbeitsbereich bezüglich Frequenz und Amplitude des Ansteuersignals für beide Pumprichtungen gleich ist.
- Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe nach Anspruch 1 bis 7 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steilheit der Anstiegsflanke des Ansteuersignals das den Wirkungsgrad festlegende Verhältnis zwischen turbulentem und laminarem Strömungswiderstand bestimmt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19648694 | 1996-11-25 | ||
DE19648694A DE19648694C1 (de) | 1996-11-25 | 1996-11-25 | Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0844395A2 EP0844395A2 (de) | 1998-05-27 |
EP0844395A3 EP0844395A3 (de) | 2001-01-10 |
EP0844395B1 true EP0844395B1 (de) | 2005-10-19 |
Family
ID=7812664
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97119955A Expired - Lifetime EP0844395B1 (de) | 1996-11-25 | 1997-11-14 | Bidirektionale dynamische Mikropumpe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0844395B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE307292T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19648694C1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011115622A1 (de) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-21 | Technische Universität Ilmenau | Mikropumpe sowie Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Fluidströmung |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19860227C1 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-05-25 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Mikropumpe |
JP3629405B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-16 | 2005-03-16 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | マイクロポンプ |
DE10102152C1 (de) * | 2001-01-18 | 2002-06-20 | Roland Zengerle | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Dosieren kleiner Flüssigkeitsmengen |
DE10212278B4 (de) * | 2002-03-20 | 2007-10-25 | Dietrich Dr.-Ing. Roscher | Tintenschreibgerät |
JP4378937B2 (ja) | 2002-06-03 | 2009-12-09 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | ポンプ |
DE102008016121B4 (de) | 2007-11-29 | 2010-03-11 | Ihp Gmbh - Innovations For High Performance Microelectronics / Leibniz-Institut Für Innovative Mikroelektronik | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung der Viskosität |
DE102013015453A1 (de) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-10 | Thomas Magnete Gmbh | Hubkolbenpumpe mit zwei Förderrichtungen |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5094594A (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1992-03-10 | Genomyx, Incorporated | Piezoelectric pumping device |
DE4223019C1 (de) * | 1992-07-13 | 1993-11-18 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Ventillose Mikropumpe |
SE508435C2 (sv) * | 1993-02-23 | 1998-10-05 | Erik Stemme | Förträngningspump av membranpumptyp |
DE4422743A1 (de) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-01-04 | Torsten Gerlach | Mikropumpe |
DE4433894A1 (de) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-03-28 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer Mikropumpe |
DE19546570C1 (de) * | 1995-12-13 | 1997-03-27 | Inst Mikro Und Informationstec | Fluidpumpe |
-
1996
- 1996-11-25 DE DE19648694A patent/DE19648694C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-11-14 EP EP97119955A patent/EP0844395B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-14 DE DE59712449T patent/DE59712449D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-14 AT AT97119955T patent/ATE307292T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011115622A1 (de) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-21 | Technische Universität Ilmenau | Mikropumpe sowie Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Fluidströmung |
WO2012084707A1 (de) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-28 | Technische Universität Ilmenau | Mikropumpe zur erzeugung einer fluidströmung, pumpensystem und mikrokanalsystem |
DE112011104467B4 (de) * | 2010-12-20 | 2017-06-01 | Technische Universität Ilmenau | Mikropumpe zur Erzeugung einer Fluidströmung, Pumpensystem und Mikrokanalsystem |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59712449D1 (de) | 2006-03-02 |
ATE307292T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
DE19648694C1 (de) | 1998-04-30 |
EP0844395A2 (de) | 1998-05-27 |
EP0844395A3 (de) | 2001-01-10 |
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