EP0828134B1 - Protection from land mines - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to mine protection, in particular for light vehicles.

A simple mine protection is already known, which usually consists of a deflector arranged below the base plate of the vehicle (outer wall of the mine protection, the first from the blast pressure of the mine explosion is acted upon) in the event of a mine explosion part of the explosion energy in kinetic energy and deformation work converts and should protect the interior of the vehicle. It But it has been shown that such protection is often not sufficient is because there are too large deformations and secondary splinters in the Can penetrate the vehicle and injure occupants. The protection device on the other hand, especially in light vehicles be heavy, so massive steel armor because of its relative high weight is not suitable as mine protection.

From DE 42 34 369 C1 an explosion protection mat is known which has a low Has weight and, among other things, a protective effect against mine fragments and should offer the detonation pressure. This explosion protection mat to armor the bottom plate of the vehicle is inside the vehicle attached to the floor. It is essentially structured in three stages and has one or more layers of one (from the outside in) antiballistic textile fabric, then a rigid Composite panel and then one or more layers of one antiballistic fabric. The rigid composite panel serves on the one hand to reduce the weight of the explosion protection mat and should you on the other hand the necessary strength to absorb the detonation pressure forces to lend. A special one, for protection against mine explosions particularly suitable embodiment of the explosion protection mat is not disclosed.

It is known to improve the simple mine protection mentioned above become multilevel mine protection. In US 4,440,889 A described a mine protection composed of a multitude of layers an outer continuous layer, designed as an armor plate, a honeycomb-like design arranged on the inside of the armor plate Layer, an adjoining film-like layer of soft Steel, to which a layer of ballistically effective tissue, a another sheet-like layer of soft steel, a layer of wood and one Connect another steel plate.

US Pat. No. 3,604,374 A describes a mine protection with two directly adjacent to one another subsequent steps, the armor plate two from the outside to the inside have subsequent honeycomb structures and a cover plate.

With such a multi-stage mine protection, the explosion energy in several stages in the kinetic energy and deformation work of the individual Layers are converted. Through the additional use of stiffening and energy absorbing layers, the proportion of deformation work increase significantly, so that a multi-level internal protection as such already offers greater security for people in the passenger compartment than simple mine protection. With the well-known multi-stage mine protection (see US 3 604 374 A) becomes the kinetic triggered by the explosion Energy predominantly through the first stage in deformation energy converted. The other stages take up the remaining part of the Energy on. For mines with an increased amount of explosives is also with a break in the first stage. For a further improvement of the Protection against mine explosions, correspondingly more levels are to be provided and / or the stiffening and energy absorbing layers are corresponding lay out thicker. Both affect the weight of the Vehicle.

The object of the invention is based on mine protection according to US 4 404 889 A, the characteristics of which form the basis for the preamble of Form claim 1, a protection specifically for mine explosions create a relatively light weight, so that it is especially for is suitable for light vehicles and is also suitable for mines with an increased Amount of explosives still provides adequate protection.

This object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1 solved. After the solution according to the invention there is an additional stiffening primarily achieved by the primary level and / or the secondary level are arcuate. As a result, the blast pressure at a Mine explosion can be discharged to the outside, and the stress of the primary stage can be reduced significantly. Thus the mine protection as a whole can be carried out more easily with the same protection, which has a positive effect on the total weight of the vehicle.

Further advantageous developments of the invention result from the subclaims.

The secondary stage, which is also outside the passenger compartment, dampens the explosion pressure and thus leads to a reduction in the shock load the vehicle structure and the occupants. In addition, the secondary level offers protection against splinters of the primary stage and possibly also before parts of vehicle components between primary and secondary stage are arranged.

The deflector provides effective protection against primary splinters while the Kinetic energy triggered by the explosion largely through the primary stage is converted into fracture and deformation energy.

If there is little space available, you can choose between the two steps arranged space are dispensed with. The ribbing In this case, it is advantageously carried out more closely and lattice-shaped, because then the energy reduction is mainly caused by bulging the ribs.

In the areas where vehicle components in the space, for example Engine or transmission parts are housed and with a stop of the Top layer or the deflector on these parts is to be expected on the Cover layer and / or the deflector an energy absorbing layer, e.g. a rubber plate attached, which significantly reduces the impact factor when struck.

If a mine with an increased amount of explosives penetrates the Protection comes, the two-stage protection offers yet another advantage. Because of the described two-stage principle of action, it happens between the explosion and penetration of the secondary protection into one Time delay during which the high peak explosion pressure already drop significantly. The pressure then penetrating into the interior no longer leads to life-threatening injuries to the occupants.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing.

The drawing shows a cross section through a two-stage mine protection on a wheel vehicle, not shown.

The wheeled vehicle is below its passenger compartment with the two-stage Provide mine protection, with primary stage I closest to the mine and the secondary stage II is attached directly below the passenger compartment. In the illustrated Example, the floor panel 5 of the passenger compartment forms part of the Secondary level II. A mine is initially affected by its explosive effect the primary stage I, consisting of a deflector 1, a ribbing 2 and a cover layer 3, which consist of fiber-reinforced plastic or steel can. The vertical ribbing 2 gives primary stage I high rigidity, so primary I a combination of local Represents energy absorption and global stiffness. Above primary level I is a secondary stage II arranged, the bottom plate 5, an energy absorbing Layer 4 (e.g. a rubber sheet or a honeycomb or rib structure) and a cover layer 7. If the bottom plate 5 alone has a low rigidity, the layers 4, 5 and 7 are designed so that there is a high overall rigidity. The layer points to this 4 a honeycomb or rib structure, which with the base plate 5 and Cover layer 7 is firmly connected over the entire surface. The seats are over a seat damper connected to the base plate 5. If constructively possible, the seat damper can also be omitted and the seats by means of a bracket can be attached to the roof or side area. The two Steps I and II can be spaced apart by a space 6 his. In the mine protection shown in the drawing are primary and Secondary stage connected with no space, and the whole Arrangement is carried out in an outward arc shape. This has the The advantage is that the blast is discharged to the outside and thus the load primary stage I is significantly reduced. In both stages, the layers are 2 and 4 formed as ribs or lattice-shaped. Both layers work stiffening and energy absorbing. The ribs are for better stiffening layer 4 is arranged at a smaller distance than in layer 2.

The attachment of stage I to the vehicle itself and / or to stage II should not be too rigid, so that under the influence of the explosion pressure a relative movement between I and II is possible. It is beneficial if the attachment itself is designed as an energy absorbing part.

Primärschutz (Stufe I):

Phase 1:

Deflektion der Blast-Stoßfront. Ein Teil der Explosionsenergie wird dabei in kinetische Energie des Deflektors 1 transformiert. Der hohe Spitzenwert des Explosionsdrucks nimmt danach sehr schnell ab. In dieser Phase bietet der Deflektor 1 auch einen wirksamen Schutz gegen Primärsplitter, wie z.B. durch die Minenexplosion aufgewirbelte Steine, Splitterfüllungen der Mine oder Gehäuseteile der Mine selbst.

Phase 2:

Der Deflektor 1 und die Verrippung 2 sowie die Deckschicht 3 bewegen sich nach innen, wobei insbesondere die Rippen verformt werden und eventuell der Deflektor 1 mit der Verrippung 2 und die Deckschicht 3 aufreißen. Die kinetische Energie geht dabei größtenteils in Verformungs- und Brucharbeit über. Beim Aufreißen des Deflektors 1 dringt der Explosionsdruck auch in einen ggf. vorhandenen Zwischenraum ein, wobei zu diesem Zeitpunkt der Druckwert bereits um Größenordnungen geringer ist als der Spitzenwert in der ersten Phase.

Sekundärschutz (Stufe II):

Schockschutz:

Der durch Aufreißen des Primärschutzes oder auch durch unvermeidbare konstruktive Öffnungen, beispielsweise aufgrund der Fahrzeugkonstruktion, eingedrungene Explosionsdruck wird von der energieabsorbierenden Schicht 4 gedämpft, was zu einer Verringerung der Schockbelastung der Fahrzeugstruktur und der Insassen führt. Die Bodenplatte 5, die selbst aufgrund ihrer Struktur eine hohe Steifigkeit aufweist oder die mit den Schichten 4 und 7 versteift worden ist, sorgt zudem dafür, dass die Verformungen am Boden der Fahrgastzelle möglichst gering bleiben.

Schutz vor Sekundärsplittern:

Teile des aufgerissenen Primärschutzes und eventuell auch Teile von im Zwischenraum befindlichen Fahrzeugkomponenten schlagen am Sekundärschutz auf. Die energieabsorbierende Schicht 4 in Verbindung mit dem Boden 5 und der Deckschicht 7 schützt die Insassen vor einem Durchschlag derartiger Teile in den Innenraum und minimiert die Verformung des Bodens 5.

The mode of operation of the mine protection shown results as follows:

Primary protection (level I):

Phase 1:

Deflection of the blast joint front. Part of the explosion energy is transformed into kinetic energy of the deflector 1. The high peak value of the explosion pressure then decreases very quickly. In this phase, the deflector 1 also offers effective protection against primary splinters, such as stones whirled up by the mine explosion, splinter fillings of the mine or housing parts of the mine itself.

Phase 2:

The deflector 1 and the ribbing 2 and the cover layer 3 move inwards, the ribs in particular being deformed and possibly the deflector 1 with the ribs 2 and the cover layer 3 tearing open. Most of the kinetic energy is transformed into deformation and fracture work. When the deflector 1 is torn open, the explosion pressure also penetrates into a space that may be present, at which point the pressure value is already orders of magnitude lower than the peak value in the first phase.

Secondary protection (level II):

Shock protection:

The explosion pressure penetrated by tearing open the primary protection or also through unavoidable structural openings, for example due to the vehicle construction, is damped by the energy-absorbing layer 4, which leads to a reduction in the shock load on the vehicle structure and the occupants. The base plate 5, which itself has a high rigidity due to its structure or which has been stiffened with the layers 4 and 7, also ensures that the deformations on the floor of the passenger compartment remain as small as possible.

Protection against secondary splinters:

Parts of the torn primary protection and possibly also parts of vehicle components located in the gap hit the secondary protection. The energy-absorbing layer 4 in conjunction with the floor 5 and the cover layer 7 protects the occupants from such parts breaking through into the interior and minimizes the deformation of the floor 5.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Deflector of the primary stage

2

Ribs of the primary level

3

Top layer of the primary level

4

Energy absorbing layer of the secondary stage

5

Floor plate of the passenger compartment

7

Top layer of the secondary level

Claims (10)

1. Land mine protection, in particular for light vehicles, comprising at least one first primary stage (I) and a second secondary stage (II) which are located outside the passenger cell, at least the primary stage (I) being equipped with a stiffening and energy-absorbing layer (2) which is arranged on the inner side of a continuous outer layer (1) acting as a deflector and is firmly joined thereto, characterised in that additional stiffening is achieved in that the primary stage (I) and/or the secondary stage (II) have an arcuate configuration.
2. Land mine protection according to claim 1, characterised in that the layers of the primary stage (I) are made of steel or fibre-reinforced plastics material.
3. Land mine protection according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the stiffening and energy-absorbing layer (2) consists of transverse or longitudinal ribs or is in the form of a grid.
4. Land mine protection according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the stiffening and energy-absorbing layer (2) is joined to a covering layer (3).
5. Land mine protection according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the secondary stage (II) consists of an energy-absorbing and/or stiffening layer (4) and a floor plate (5), for example, the floor plate of the passenger cell.
6. Land mine protection according to claim 5, characterised in that the energy-absorbing and/or stiffening layer (4) consists of a rubber slab.
7. Land mine protection according to claim 5, characterised in that the energy-absorbing and/or stiffening layer (4) consists of a honeycomb structure or of ribs.
8. Land mine protection according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the energy-absorbing and/or stiffening layer (4) is firmly joined to a covering plate (7) mounted below same.
9. Land mine protection according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the primary stage (I) and the secondary stage (II) are separated from one another by an intermediate cavity (6).
10. Land mine protection according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the primary stage (I) and the secondary stage (II) adjoin one another without an intermediate cavity.

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