Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3947—Liquid compositions

Definitions

• Arnau-Munoz et al. disclose a container having compartments which separately receive the mutually incompatible constitu- ents of a detergent composition, such as constituents which release active oxygen or chlorine and constituents which make up the remainder of the detergent composi ⁇ tion.
• Arnau-Munoz et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,835,804, filed March 25, 1988 and issued June 6, 1989.
• Each of the compartments has openings which permit diffusion of its contents into a washing machine during the washing process .
• the composition is a product of two liquids which are separately maintained prior to forming an admixture during delivery to a surface to be treated, whereupon the pH of the admixture is maintained at a level sufficient for such cleaning efficacy and stability.
• One liquid includes an oxidiz ⁇ ing agent and the other liquid includes a builder or chelating agent.
• the oxidizing agent can be maintained in an environment free of the builder or chelating agent and otherwise conducive to its cleaning activity and stability up to the time of use.
• Figure 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of the apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of the apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
• a liquid cleaning or bleaching composition which includes an oxidizing agent, a builder or chelat- ing agent, and a pH-adiusting agent, can be formulated and delivered in such a way as to improve the cleaning or bleaching efficacy and stability of the oxidizing agent component.
• the formulated liquid composition is thus particularly effective in the cleaning or bleaching of a surface.
• the formulated liquid composition is especially effective in the cleaning or bleaching of a surface having mildew or soap-scum deposits thereon, such as kitchen or bathroom tile.
• cleaning typically refers to the removal of soils without use of an oxidizing agent and the term “bleaching” typically refers to the removal of stains using an oxidizing agent, these terms are used to be generally interchangeable for convenience, unless implicitly, obviously, or specifically rendered other ⁇
• individual components of the composition which may be subject to deactivation or destabilization prior to or during formulation of the composition, are protected from deactivation and destabilization. More particularly, prior to such formulation, these components are main- tained separately from deactivating and destabilizing environments. Additionally, these components are protected from deactivation and destabilization during the formulation of the composition.
• the present invention is described in terms of two compartments which separate two liquid components, it will be understood that additional compartments may be used when it is desirable to maintain additional components separately for compati ⁇ bility or other purposes.
• the apparatus 10 may comprise stand-alone compart ⁇ ments that may be joined together to facilitate the formulation of an admixture of the various components and delivery of the admixture to a surface to be treated.
• one of the liquids arbitrarily "first” liquid 14 includes an oxidizing agent.
• either one or both of the first and second liquids 14 and 18 includes a pH-adjusting agent.
• the pH-adjusting agent is present in an amount sufficient to maintain an admixture of the oxidizing agent and the builder at a pH sufficient for cleaning efficacy and stability of the oxidizing agent.
• the pH- adjusting agent protects against such an undesirable condition.
• the apparatus 10 of the present invention is of a construction sufficient to deliver the first liquid 14 and the second liquid 18 from compartment 12 and compartment 16, respectively, to form an admixture 32 of the first and second liquids. Thus, the liquids are maintained separately until delivery is desired.
• the apparatus 10 may include a first delivery channel 20 and a second delivery channel 22 leading from compartment 12 and compartment 16, respectively, to a delivery activator 24.
• the first and second channels 20 and 22 are completely separate to prevent contamination of the first and second compartments subsequent to use. In this manner, after use, any of the first liquid 14 remaining in the first channel flows back into the first compartment 12, while any of the second liquid 18 remaining in the second channel flows back into the second compartment 16.
• the delivery activator 24 may be a pump dispenser (as shown), a trigger sprayer, or the like, which are appropriate for delivery of the two liquids to a location at which the two liquids meet to form an admixture 32.
• a location may be a point 28, external to the apparatus, at which two streams, one for each liquid, intersect to form the admixture 32 during their contemporaneous delivery from the apparatus.
• the location may be an admixing space 30, such as a chamber, to which the two liquids are delivered and in which the admixture 32 is allowed to form before its delivery to an exterior of the apparatus.
• the delivery activator 24 is a pump dispenser or a trigger sprayer sufficient for spraying of the two liquids to the intersection point 28 and of the resulting admixture 32 to the surface 34 to be treated ( Figure 1), or of the admixture 32 from admixing space 30 to the surface 34 ( Figure 2).
• delivery activator 24 is a pump dispenser
• delivery may be accomplished by depressing the activator in a downward direction which is represented by arrow 26.
• the apparatus can be single-handedly manipulated, such as by holding the apparatus in one hand while depressing the delivery activator with one or more fingers or a thumb of the same hand.
• the delivery activator is a trigger sprayer (not shown)
• delivery may be accomplished by holding a neck of the dispenser apparatus in the cup of one hand while pulling the trigger activator inwardly with respect to the neck with one or more fingers of the same hand, as is well known.
• the delivery activator includes a closing mechanism (not shown) to prevent undesired, post-use delivery, such as during a child's meddling with the apparatus, or undesirable dripping or shooting of liquid from the apparatus.
• a closing mechanism (not shown) to prevent undesired, post-use delivery, such as during a child's meddling with the apparatus, or undesirable dripping or shooting of liquid from the apparatus.
• a child-proof and/or a conventional, drip-preventing closing mechanism may be employed. Many such mechanisms are known and employed commercially.
• the admixing space 30 is preferably limited in volumetric capacity so that only a small amount of the admixture may be formed upon delivery of the two liquids thereto and thus, possibly remains therein after use.
• This volumetric capacity may be selected such that only a small or insignificant amount (in terms of possible gas production) of the admixture may remain in the admixing space after use, such that little, if any, gas is produced or accumulated.
• shooting of liquid may be eliminated or reduced in occurrence or effect (i.e., the shooting force and the distance of travel and amount of the shooting liquid) .
• liquid in either of the separate delivery channels returns to its original compartment where it does not interact with the other separately compartmentalized liquid. This further eliminates or reduces the potential for gas production from the admixing of the two liquids.
• delivery activators may be chosen to accommodate various delivery arrangements or applica ⁇ tions, such as delivery to hard-to-reach surfaces.
• the surface 34 is shown as a vertical surface, such as a wall, it will be understood that the surface may be oriented otherwise, such as at an angle or horizontally, or may be the surface of a mop, sponge, cloth, or the like, which will be used in a cleaning application.
• the apparatus 10 will be understood further in terms of the following description of a composition which is produced by a process, according to the present invention.
• the composition 32 which is useful for bleaching or cleaning a surface 34, is produced by a process of maintaining a first liquid 14 and a second liquid 18 separately and forming an admixture 32 thereof during delivery to a surface 34.
• the first liquid 14 includes an oxidizing agent
• the second liquid 18 includes a builder or a chelating agent
• at least one of the first and second liquids includes a pH-adjusting agent.
• the pH-adjusting agent is present in an amount such that the admixture 32 is maintained at a pH sufficient for cleaning efficacy and stability of the oxidizing agent.
• the oxidizing agent which is included in the first liquid 14 is now described.
• the oxidizing agent is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 50 weight percent of the first liquid.
• the amount of oxidizing agent is preferably from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of the first liquid and more preferably from about 5 to about 10 weight percent of the first liquid.
• the oxidizing agent is a peroxygen bleach, such as a peroxide or a peroxide generator capable of generating peroxide bleaching species.
• peroxide is used to describe both a peroxide and a peroxide genera- tor, unless otherwise indicated.
• the peroxide oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide generator, hydrogen peroxide being the more preferred.
• the peroxide generator is a source of peroxide, for example, in the case of a hydrogen peroxide generator, the source of hydrogen peroxide may be selected from the alkali metal salts of percarbonate, perborate, persilicate and hydrogen peroxide adducts and hydrogen peroxide. Most preferred sources are sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate mono- and tetrahydrate, and hydrogen peroxide.
• the oxidizing agent is a peroxygen bleach, such as a peracid, a persalt, or a peracid or persalt generator capable of generating peracid or persalt bleaching species, respectively.
• a peroxygen bleach such as a peracid, a persalt, or a peracid or persalt generator capable of generating peracid or persalt bleaching species, respectively.
• peracid is used to describe both a peracid and a peracid generator, unless otherwise indicated.
• persalt is used to describe both a persalt and a persalt generator, unless otherwise indicated.
• the peracid or persalt generator is a source of peracid or persalt, respec ⁇ tively, for example, in the case of a persalt generator, the source of persalt may be selected from monoper- sulfates and monoperphosphates .
• the peracid or persalt may be organic or inorganic.
• the peracid may be an organic peracid, such as peracetic acid or percarboxylic acid.
• the persalt may be an inorganic persalt, such as peroxymonosulfate or an alkali metal peroxymonosulfate, such as potassium, lithium or sodium peroxymonosulfate.
• a suitable persalt is potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHS0 5 ), such as that available as a mixed salt (2 KHS0 5 -KHS0 ⁇ •K 2 S0 ⁇ ) from E.I. DuPont DeNemours and Company, Inc. under the name "OXONE" .
• KHS0 5 potassium peroxymonosulfate
• peracids and persalts include peroxyglycollic acid, peroxylactic acid, peroxycitric acid, peroxynonanoic acid, monomethyl perglutaric acid, diperoxydodecanoic acid, magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, such as that commercially available from Solvay Interox of Houston, Texas under the name H48, trimellitic peracid and derivatives thereof, peroxy- carboxycaproic acid derivatives, amide peracid deriva ⁇ tives, lmide peracid derivatives, perborates, percar- bonates, and peroxydisulfates and salts thereof, such as -(NH ⁇ ) 2 S 2 0 8 , K 2 S 2 0 8 , and Na 2 S 2 O ⁇ .
• the builder or chelating agent which is included in the second liquid 18 is now described.
• the builder is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 to about 30 weight percent of the second liquid.
• the amount of builder is prefera ⁇ bly from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of the second liquid and more preferably from about 5 to about 15 weight percent of the second liquid.
• suitable builders may be selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a phosphate, a pyrophosphate, an ammo carboxylate, a polycarboxylate, a polyacrylate, a phosphonate, an amino phosphonate, a polyphosphonate, a salt thereof, and a mixture thereof.
• Suitable builders include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (“EDTA”), tartaric ac d, citric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid ( “NTA” ) , sodi carboxymethylsuccinic acid, sodium N-(2- hydroxyprop ) - lminodIace tie acid, (N- hydroxyethyl)ec ⁇ .ylened ⁇ am ⁇ netr ⁇ acet ⁇ c acid (“HEDTA”), N- d ⁇ ethyleneglycol-N,N-d ⁇ acet ⁇ c acid (“DIDA” ), diethyl- enetriaminepentaacetic acid (“DTPA”), a salt thereof, and a mixture thereof.
• EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• NDA nitrilotriacetic acid
• sodi carboxymethylsuccinic acid sodium N-(2- hydroxyprop ) - lminodIace tie acid
• HEDTA N- hydroxyeth
• Suitable polyacrylate builders are commercial available, for example, from Rohm & Haas of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania under the name ACUSOL and from BASF of Parsippany, New Jersey under the name SOKALAN.
• suitable chelating agents may be selected from the group consisting of a gluconic acid, a salt thereof, and a mixture thereof.
• Such chelating agents are commercially available, for example, as PMP Sodium Gluconate from PMP Fermentation Products of Rosemont, Illinois.
• the salts are preferably compatible and include ammonium, sodium, potassium, and alkanol- ammonium salts.
• a preferred builder is NTA, such as sodium salt of NTA.
• a more preferred builder is citrate, such as sodium or monoethanolamine salt of citrate.
• An even more preferred builder is tartaric acid.
• the builder is EDTA, such as a sodium salt of EDTA.
• pH-Adiusting Agents The pH-adjusting agent which is present in either one or both of the two liquids 14 and 18 is now described. According to the present invention, the pH- adjusting agent maintains the pH of the admixture of the two liquids such that the oxidizing agent is suffi ⁇ ciently stable and efficacious as a cleaning active.
• the term "pH-adjusting agent" includes an agent which may act to adjust the pH of the admixture as well as a buffer which may act to maintain the pH of the admixture.
• the pH-adjusting agent is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxide, a hydroxide generator, a buffer, and a mixture of same.
• Appropriate pH-adjusting agents include alkali metal salts of various inorganic acids, such as alkali metal phos ⁇ phates, polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, triphosphates, tetraphosphates, silicates, etasilicates, poly- silicates, borates, carbonates, bicarbonates, hvdrox- ides, and mixtures of same.
• a preferred pH-adjusting agent is an alkali metal hydroxide, especially sodium hydroxide.
• pH-adjusting agents are monoethanolamine compounds, such as diethanolamine and triethanolamine, and beta-aminoalkanol compounds, particularly beta-aminoalkanols having a primary hydroxyl group, and a mixture thereof.
• Suitable amine compounds should exhibit reasonable solubility relative to the admixture.
• the admixture is maintained at a pH which is appropriate for cleaning activity and stability of the oxidizing agent.
• the oxidizing agent is a peroxide
• the admixture pH is alkaline.
• the pH of the admixture is preferably main ⁇ tained from above about 9.0 to about 11.5.
• the peroxide shows sufficient bleaching efficacy.
• the peroxide is also sufficiently stable when this admixture pH is maintained below about 11.5.
• the admixture pH may be acidic, neutral, or slightly alkaline.
• the pH of the admixture is prefera ⁇ bly maintained between about 3.5 and about 7.5.
• the amount of pH-adjusting agent is present in one or both of the first and second liquids in an aggregate amount suffi- cient to adjust the pH of the admixture to the desired level, as described above.
• the pH- adjusting agent may be present in an amount between about 0.1 and about 30 weight percent of one of the liquids or in an amount between about 0.05 and about 15 weight percent of the admixture.
• the pH- adjusting agent is present in an amount between about
• composition of the present invention can be formulated to include additives, such as fragrances, coloring agents, whiteners, thickening agents, chelating agents and builders, solvents, surfactants, and disin- fectants, and the like, which enhance performance, stability or aesthetic appeal of the compositions.
• additives such as fragrances, coloring agents, whiteners, thickening agents, chelating agents and builders, solvents, surfactants, and disin- fectants, and the like, which enhance performance, stability or aesthetic appeal of the compositions.
• additives such as fragrances, coloring agents, whiteners, thickening agents, chelating agents and builders, solvents, surfactants, and disin- fectants, and the like, which enhance performance, stability or aesthetic appeal of the compositions.
• Such components can be included in either one or both of the two liquids 14 and 18, according to compatibility, desirability, convenience, or other factors. Generally, all of these additives are also selected with the characteristic of being resistant to the oxidizing agent employed.
• Fragrances such as those commercially available from International Flavors and Fragrance, Inc., may be included in any of the compositions produced according to the embodiments described herein.
• Suitable fragrances may take the form of fragrance oils.
• a fragrance or mixture of fragrances may be present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 2.0 weight percent of the composition.
• a fragrance or mixture of fragrances is present in am amount from about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent of the composition.
• fragrance addi ⁇ tives are preferably included in the first liquid 14 which includes the oxidizing agent and is preferably maintained at a pH appropriate for fragrance stability.
• the fragrance is included in the first liquid 14, it is preferable to include the pH-adjusting agent in the second liquid 18, so as not to interfere with fragrance stability.
• the first liquid 14 may have a pH of about 7 which is suitable for the peroxygen and the stability of certain fragrances.
• the second liquid 18 which includes the pH- adjusting agent may be quite caustic without interfering with the stability of the separately compartmentalized fragrance.
• the fragrances are preferably included in the second liquid 18 which includes the builder and is preferably maintained at a pH appropriate for fragrance stability.
• the fragrance is included in the second liquid 18, it is preferable to include the pH-adjusting agent in the first liquid 14 which includes the oxidizing agent, so as not to interfere with fragrance stability.
• Ultramarine Blue (UMB) and copper phthalo- cyanines are examples of widely used pigments which may be incorporated in the compositions produced according to the present invention.
• Suitable builders may be optionally included in the composition.
• Such builders include but are not limited to carbonates, phosphates and pyrophosphates, which are known to reduce the concentration of free alkali metal ions in aqueous solution.
• Certain suitable pH-adjusting agents such as carbonates, phosphates, phosphonates, polyacrylates and pyrophosphates also function as builders.
• Typical builders which do not also function as pH-adjusting agents include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium or potassium hexametaphosphate . These builders may also function as electrolytes.
• suitable solvents include alcohols, glycols and glycoethers.
• Glycols and glycoether solvents are preferred as generally being less odorous, less volatile and more compatible with other cleaning components than are alcohol solvents.
• Diethyleneglycol and ethylene- glycol n-butyl ether are preferred, the former being the more preferred.
• suitable solvents for use herein include propylene glycol t-butyl ether and propylene glycol n-butyl ether, which readily improve non-streaking/non-filming performance of the composition. If mixtures of solvents are used, the amounts and ratios of such solvents used are important in determining the optimum cleaning and streak/film performances of the inventive composition. It is preferred to limit the total amount of solvent to no more than 50 weight percent, more preferably no more than 25 weight percent, and most preferably, no more than 15 weight percent, of the composition. A preferred range for the total amount of solvent is about 1-15 weight percent of the composition, although in some of the compositions of this invention, solvent may be omitted.
• the ratio of alkanol to alkylene glycol ether should be about 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably about 1:10 to 1:10, and most preferably about 1:5 to 5:1.
• less water soluble or dispersible organic solvents may also be used herein, although in a high water formulation, there may be a need for a further dispersant (e.g., hydrotrope or other emulsi- fier) .
• a further dispersant e.g., hydrotrope or other emulsi- fier
• These less water soluble or dispersible organic solvents include those commonly used as constituents for proprietary fragrance blends, such as terpene deriva ⁇ tives.
• the terpene derivatives herein include terpene hydrocarbons with a functional group. Effective terpenes with a functional group include, but are not limited to, alcohols, ethers, esters, aldehydes and ketones .
• terpene alcohols including, for example, verbenol, transpinocarveol, cis-2-pinanol, nopol, iso-borneol, carbeol, piperitol, thymol, -terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, menthol, 1,8-terpin, dihydro-terpineol, nerol, geraniol, linalool, citronel- lol, hydroxycitronellol, 3,7-dimethyl octanol, dihydro- yrcenol, -terpineol, tetrahydro-alloocimenol and perillalcohol; (2) terpene ethers and esters, including, for example, 1,8-cineole, 1,4-cineole, isobornyl methylether, rose pyr
• suitable surfac ⁇ tants include cosurfactants which are added to the composition for various purposes (such as cleaning, stability, thickening, etc . ) which may be selected initially on the basis of cleaning ability.
• the surfactants may be also selected on the basis of moderate to high stability in the presence of bleach, although such stability is not necessary given that the surfactants may be compartmentalized separately from bleaching agents in the present invention.
• a wide variety of surfactants may be stable in the presence of bleaches in an aqueous solution, including but not limited to amine oxides, betaines, sarcosinates, taurates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl phenol ether sulfates, alkyl diphenyl oxide sulfonates, alkyl phosphate esters, etc.
• cosurfactants may be any of a variety of different types including anionics, non-ionics, amphoterics, etc.
• lauroyl sarcosinates are suitable cosurfactants since they are particularly resistant to oxidation by bleach materials. Accordingly, these materials are bleach- resistant, even at elevated temperatures.
• Hydrotropes such as C 6-12 alkyl sulfonate, toluene sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, cumene sulfonate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonate salts of alkali metals are also useful.
• Preferred cosurfactants are C 6-12 alkyl sulfonate and sodium salt of a C 6 . ]2 sulfonic acid.
• the specific identity of the cosurfactant is not critical to the present invention as long as the cosurfactant is relatively bleach stable and compatible with the other components of the composition to perform either bleaching or stabilizing functions.
• Suitable disinfectants which may augment the disinfecting action of the oxidizing agent, include the following: (1) mercury compounds, such as mercuric chloride, phenylmercuric borate; (2) halogens and halogen compounds, such as chlorine, iodine, fluorine, bromine, calcium and sodium hypochlorite; (3) phenols, such as creosol from coal tar and ortho-phenylphenol; (4) synthetic detergents, for example, anionic deter ⁇ gents such as sodium alkyl benzene sulfonates, and cationic detergents such as quaternary ammonium com ⁇ pounds; (5) alcohols, such as alcohols of low molecular weight (excepting methanol); (6) natural products, such as pine oil; and (7) gases, such as sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, and ethylene oxide.
• mercury compounds such as mercuric chloride, phenylmercuric borate
• halogens and halogen compounds such as chlorine, iodine,
• EXAMPLES Exemplary embodiments of the inventive composition produced by the process described herein comprise the components which are listed below for Examples 1 and 2. These components are grouped accord ⁇ ing to their preferred presence in either liquid 14 ("Liquid 1") or liquid 18 ("Liquid 2"). Further, the preferred amount of each component is provided in terms of a range of the weight percent of that component relative to Liquid 1 or Liquid 2 which includes that component.
• Liquid 1 liquid 14
• Liquid 2 liquid 18
• diethyleneglycol n- butyl ether may be in the form commercially available from Dow Chemical Co. under the name DOWANOL DB.
• the C 10 - ⁇ 4 alcohol ethoxylate may be an ethoxylated linear primary alcohol or an ethoxylated octyl-phenol alcohol which is a surfactant commercially available from Union Carbide of Danbury, Connecticut under the name TRITON x-100.
• the C 6 . l2 alkyl sulfonate may be a sodium salt of a C 6-12 sulfonic acid.
• Peroxide Compositions In a preferred embodiment comprising a peroxide oxidizing agent, the inventive composition is produced by admixing Liquids 1 and 2 of Example 1, as described herein, wherein the components listed in Table 1, below, are present in the amounts shown therein (in weight percent relative to Liquid 1 or Liquid 2 which includes that component) .
• Peracid Compositions In alternate preferred embodiments comprising a peracid or persalt oxidizing agent, the inventive composition is produced by admixing Liquids 1 and 2 of Example 2, as described herein, wherein the components listed in Table 2, below, are present in the amounts shown therein (in weight percent relative to Liquid 1 or Liquid 2 which includes that component) and sodium hydroxide is present in an amount sufficient to provide a pH of 10.3 for Liquid 2.
• One of these alternate embodiments comprises peracetic acid while the other comprises peroxymonosulfate as the oxidizing agent. Table 2
• soiled tiles were prepared by painting them with killed A. Niger mildew and allowing the mildew to dry.
• soap scum performance tests soiled tiles were prepared by applying a standard one coat of soap scum to the tiles and allowing the soap scum to dry. Each admixture was sprayed onto the soiled tile, as described herein, and then rated by a panel of ten people in terms of the level of cleaning. The rating scale ranged from one (1) for no cleaning to ten (10) for complete cleaning.
• the mildew performance ratings indicate that the inventive composition, including either peracetic acid or peroxymonosulfate as an oxidizing agent, is effective in the removal of mildew.
• the results also show that either of these peracid oxidizing agents has sufficient cleaning efficacy and stability in the presence of the EDTA builder, when used according to the present invention.
• the first and second liquids described above may be admixed in an admixing space 30.
• the admixing space may be volumetrically limited so that only a predetermined volume of the admixture is allowed to exist in the admixing space throughout and after the delivery process.
• only the small amount of the admixture in the admixing space may possibly include a compromised oxidizing agent, such as a destabilized peroxide, peracid or persalt.
• the apparatus is capable of delivering an effective bleaching or cleaning composition 32 on the first delivery (i.e., initial spray), as this small amount of potentially compromised admixture will be combined with fresh first and second liquids being delivered to the admixing chamber for admixing prior to delivery to the surface to be treated.
• the apparatus is also capable of delivering an effective bleaching or cleaning composition 32 on the first delivery (i.e., initial spray), as each of the two liquids, either of which may affect the stability or efficacy of the other, are not allowed to interact prior to their admixing, external to the apparatus, during delivery to the surface to be treated.

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• 1997
  • 1997-02-19 WO PCT/US1997/002587 patent/WO1997031087A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-02-19 EP EP97907694A patent/EP0827530A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-02-19 BR BR9702098A patent/BR9702098A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-02-19 AU AU19629/97A patent/AU1962997A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-02-19 JP JP9530288A patent/JPH11504384A/ja active Pending
  • 1997-02-19 CA CA 2219126 patent/CA2219126A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-02-21 AR ARP970100718A patent/AR005962A1/es unknown

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