EP0826466B1 - Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zum Nuten von Gegenständen aus Schaumstoff - Google Patents

Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zum Nuten von Gegenständen aus Schaumstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0826466B1
EP0826466B1 EP97202646A EP97202646A EP0826466B1 EP 0826466 B1 EP0826466 B1 EP 0826466B1 EP 97202646 A EP97202646 A EP 97202646A EP 97202646 A EP97202646 A EP 97202646A EP 0826466 B1 EP0826466 B1 EP 0826466B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife
knives
recess
rotation
cutting
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97202646A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0826466A1 (de
Inventor
Paul Aris Boers
Jan Hendrik De Haas
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Recticel BV
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Recticel BV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/06—Grooving involving removal of material from the surface of the work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of cutting recesses in foam material according to the preamble of claim 1 (see, for example, US-A-3 924 496). Such method is known from practice. Further, the invention relates to an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 6 (see, for example, US-A-3 924 496).
  • This known method has the drawback that it is only applicable for the formation of slots having a triangular section, which means that the application of this method considerably limits the freedom of design.
  • a further drawback of this known method is that the possible depth of the slots is limited, because the axes of rotation always extend above the plane of the foam block.
  • This method offers the possibility of providing slots in a surface of a foam block, which slots have for instance a rectangular section, i.e. a flat bottom and two vertical walls. Hence, this method provides relatively much freedom of design as far as the section of the slots is concerned.
  • This known method has the drawback that only slots continuing to both sides of the foam block can be provided, which slots always have the same section throughout their lengths. Further, the application of this method requires relatively much production time, which renders it costly.
  • a further drawback of this known method is that the guide means for the knife and the tilting device therefor are complicated and hence costly. Moreover, the tilting of the knife during the cutting of the slot results in the formation of a relatively small radius at the transition between the walls and the bottom of the slot.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of cutting recesses in foam material, wherein the aforesaid drawbacks of the known methods are avoided and the advantages thereof are retained. To that end, a method according to the invention is defined by the features of claim 1.
  • the foam cut loose by the or each first knife is easily pushed aside by the axis of rotation of the second knife, at least by the or each axis of rotation which, during cutting, extends entirely or partly within the original contours of the object, while, after passing the or each relevant axis of rotation, it entirely or partly rebounds into substantially the original shape.
  • various shapes can be provided in a foam-formed object such as a foam block by means of rotating knives.
  • the or each slot can be continuous as well as blind and can be open towards one or two sides at right angles to the longitudinal direction.
  • the transition between the cut made by the or each first knife and the or each adjoining cut made by a second knife is sharp, i.e. linear and without radius. This creates a pleasant outward appearance of the slot, with a functional form.
  • a method according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 2.
  • the first knives and the or each second knife extending therebetween at least in elevation, which knives are arranged relative to one another in such a manner that of each first knife and a second knife, the cuts in the foam-like product touch each other, offer the advantage that slots having a box-shaped section can thereby be provided in the product.
  • 'box-shaped' means that at least one face of the slot, a bottom face, does not extend to the face in which the slot is made.
  • the cutting operation ensures that a minimum amount of dust or like particles is released, if any.
  • one or more slots can be provided in a particularly rapid manner, for instance 10-15 times more rapidly than with the known method utilizing a belt knife.
  • the slot may have many sectional profiles, including for instance rectangular, outwardly diverging or undercut profiles.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for cutting at least one slotted recess in foam material according to the preamble of claim 6. According to the invention, such apparatus is defined by the features of claim 6.
  • first knives and a second rotating knife arranged so that they together define a channel-shaped profile, offers the possibility of readily providing continuous or non-continuous slots in a surface of a foam-like product without involving undesired dust production, cuttings or like particles.
  • different profiles can be obtained.
  • a bottom profile other than flat can be obtained.
  • sharp transitions are obtained between the different slot-defining cuts.
  • 'sharp' should be understood to mean linear, without rounding as occurs in the known method where a tiltable belt knife is employed.
  • the use of a second rotating knife offers the advantage that no heating is required and that different foam materials can be cut in a simple and efficient way.
  • an apparatus according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 7.
  • the circular first knives drivable in a rotational sense offer also the advantage that they cut through the foam-like material in a particularly simple manner, in the case of both relatively soft and slightly firmer foam.
  • recesses can be provided in foam blocks and the like having a density of preferably 10-250 kg/m 3 .
  • these limits should not be construed as being limitative.
  • an apparatus according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 8.
  • a series of slots can be provided side by side over a length that is in principle infinite, in one processing operation, i.e. by passing the object along or through such apparatus a single time.
  • an apparatus according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 10.
  • series of slots By positioning series of knives in opposite positions, series of slots can simultaneously be provided on either side of an object.
  • an apparatus according to the invention is further characterized by the features of claim 11.
  • the removing means offer the advantage that the cut-loose material is discharged from the or each slotted recess directly, so that after the cutting operation the object is directly ready for further processing, while the environment of the apparatus and the object are kept clean, at least free from scrap, in a simple manner.
  • Methods and apparatus according to the invention are in particular suitable for providing slotted, straight recesses in surfaces of foam-made materials, but may also be used for other types of recesses, for instance circumferential, sinusoidal or otherwise meandering slots.
  • the slots Preferably, the slots always have the same sectional profiles, but they may also have a changing profile, for instance through variation of the positions of the knives during processing.
  • DE-A-24 29 815 shows, in Fig. 6 thereof, an arrangement of circular cutting knives which at first resembles the proposal according to the invention, but is not related thereto after all.
  • the knives engage the product to be cut only partly. At any rate, it is never the case that one of the knives extends entirely within the contours of the object.
  • only two knives are in cutting engagement with the object each time; one vertical knife operates in a first working direction and the other vertical knife operates in a second, opposite working direction. Accordingly, with the known proposal no slots are formed, but strands of material are removed from an object:
  • Fig. 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention, adapted to provide a series of slots 13 in two opposite faces of a foam block 8 intended for manufacturing a mattress.
  • the apparatus comprises a block-feeding device 1, two series of first knives 2 and two series of second knives 3 (Figs. 4 and 5), a block-discharge device 4 and scrap-discharge means 5.
  • guide means 6 are arranged on either side of the apparatus 1, in the form of two rows of guide rollers 7 flanking the path of travel of the foam blocks 8 as shown in Figs. 2-5.
  • the block-feeding device 2 comprises a belt conveyor 9 having a relatively rough surface and conveying foam blocks 8 sitting on the conveyor in the direction of the arrow P towards the two series of first knives 2. Adjacent the knives 2, 3, the belt conveyor 9 connects to a series of conveyor rollers 10 which elongate the conveyor face and extend between the first 2 and second knives 3.
  • the first knives 2 are circular or curved, a so-called multiple-curve knife with changing radius, which may be advantageous in terms of cutting, as the foam block is thereby slightly compressed intermittently, have a cutting longitudinal edge 11 and are arranged in pairs.
  • the first series of first knives 2A are mounted on a common first axis 12A extending above the conveyor face T of the block-feeding device and block-discharge device, parallel thereto and at right angles to the feed-through direction P outside the contours 18 of the foam block 8.
  • the bottom sides of the vertically disposed knives 2A are located at some distance H1 above the conveyor face in question.
  • the second series of first knives 2B are identical to the first series of first knives 2A, yet the second axis 12B is arranged slightly below the conveyor face T, parallel to and directly opposite the first axis 12A, in such a manner that the top sides of the first knives 2B mounted on the second axis 12B extend at a slight distance H2 above the conveyor face T.
  • the distance D in between each pair of first knives 2A, 2B, measured horizontally and at right angles to the feed-through direction P, is equal to the width of the desired slot 13 in the foam block 8 that is to be cut by means of the relevant knives.
  • a second knife 3A, 3B is in each case disposed at some distance aft of each pair of first knives 2A, 2B.
  • Each second knife 3A, 3B is circular, has a diameter at least corresponding to the mutual distance D of the adjacent pair of first knives 2A, 2B, has a cutting longitudinal edge 14 and is mounted on a vertical axis 15A, 15B.
  • the cutting edge 14 is provided at least at the same level as the bottom point of the cutting edges 11 of the relevant upper first knives 2A, of each second knife 3B in the lower series, the cutting edge 14 is provided at the same level as the top point of the cutting edges 11 of the relevant first knives 2B.
  • the cutting edges 11 of a pair of first knives 2 and the cutting edge 14 of an associated second knife 3 approximately form a U-shape.
  • the distance between the cutting edges of the opposite second knives 3A, 3B determines the distance between the bottoms 16 of opposite slots 13.
  • one or more first knives have their cutting edges extending beyond the cutting edge of the adjacent second knife, in such a manner that after removal of the strip 25 from the slot, one or more cuts 23 extend beyond the bottom 16 of the slot 13 in the foam block 8.
  • a so-called internal hinge is for instance used in mattresses that have to be slightly flexible so that they can be used with for instance adjustable bed bottoms.
  • Such continued cuts may also be advantageous in other applications.
  • the cuts of the or each second knife can of course also be continued beyond the first cut or cuts in a comparable manner.
  • each scrap-discharge means 5 Disposed at some distance aft of each second knife 3 is a scrap-discharge means 5, comprising a run-on face 17 whose free end 18 facing the second knives 3 is approximately level with the bottom 16 of the relevant slot 13 and which extends in the direction away from the bottom to a position outside the contours 19 of the foam block 8.
  • a discharge tube 20 Connecting to the second end opposite the first end 18 is a discharge tube 20 in which a sucking reduced pressure can be maintained so that the foam cut loose from the relevant slot 13 is sucked away continuously and discharged to a suitable scrap apparatus, processing apparatus or the like.
  • each scrap-discharge means 5 comprises cutting means or like means dividing the strip 25 into relatively small parts. These means preferably connect to the run-on face 17.
  • the strip 25 is cut into relatively small, for instance bar-shaped parts by the cutting means, so that they can be used as filling means, for instance for cushions and the like, or for instance as packing material for packing articles so as to be impact-resistant.
  • cutting means rotating knives, knives on a rotating drum, chopping, falling or hinged knives can for instance be used.
  • tearing means can be used.
  • the small parts can easily be discharged through the discharge tube. This reuse of material is of course environmentally advantageous.
  • an apparatus according to the invention can be used as follows.
  • a foam block 8 of a rectangular cross section is fed by the feeding device 1 to the series of first knives 2A, 2B, guided by the guide means 6.
  • a series (four in the embodiment shown) of pairs of parallel cuts 23 are simultaneously provided in the top face 21 and the bottom face 22 by the first knives, to form the longitudinal walls of the slot 13 in question.
  • each second knife 3A, 3B disposed downstream of a pair of first knives 2A, 2B, makes a horizontal second cut 24 connecting the longitudinal edges of the first cuts 23 which edges point away from the relevant top face 21 and bottom face 22 respectively, to form the bottom 16 of the relevant slot 13, while the strip-shaped foam part 25 located in the slot 13 is cut loose completely.
  • This part 25 is then discharged by the discharge means 5, to release the slot 13.
  • each axis of rotation 15A, 15B extends partly within the contours 18 of the foam block, within the space that is filled with the partly cut-loose strip 25.
  • the foam material of the strip 25 is temporarily pushed aside by this axis of rotation 15A, 15B and thus slightly compressed, while this strip, after passing the relevant axis of rotation 15, resumes its original form. This position is shown clearly in Fig. 2. This enables the axis of rotation 15, and accordingly the second knife 3, to be fed through the foam block 8 in a nevertheless simple manner, at least where the first knives 2 have already been passed, for cutting loose the strip 25.
  • each second cut 24 which extends at least transversely to the feed-through direction P of the foam block 8 entirely within the contours 18, i.e. within the foam block 8.
  • Fig. 6 shows a series of examples of possible profiles of slots as can be made by means of an apparatus and method according to the invention.
  • First and second knives are shown schematically. These examples only serve as an illustration and should by no means be construed as being limitative.
  • Fig. 6A shows a rectangular, U-shaped section as described hereinabove, together with the knives required therefor.
  • Fig. 6B shows an edge profile of a foam block, wherein the second knife 2 offers the advantage that it does not project from the side contour of the foam block 8, so that the guide means 6 can continue along the entire side of the foam block 8.
  • Fig. 6C shows an undercut slot
  • Fig. 6D shows an outwardly diverging slot
  • Fig. 6E show a slot with one inclined and one vertical sidewall.
  • Fig. 6F shows a slot having two-faced bottom parts 16A, 16B, including an angle relative to each other.
  • each second knife 3 is slightly frusto-conical, tapering in the direction of the axis of rotation 15.
  • the knife 3 is relatively stiff, that the axis of rotation 15 extends only on the side which, during use, faces away from the bottom 16 of the relevant slot 13, so that a flat bottom is obtained and maintained, and the conical outer surface 27 of the knife 3 moreover offers the advantage that the foam of the strip 25 is already pressed away slightly upwards and aside as soon as the knife 3 enters the foam block 8, so that the axis of rotation 15 can easily be introduced into the slot 13 without upsetting the strip 25.
  • the first knives 2, too may have such shape and, moreover, other suitable outer shapes may be selected for both the first and the second knives, including flat knives. Also in the case of flat knives, the strip 25 is pushed aside properly.
  • first 2 and second knives 3 may be provided, while other, for instance asymmetrical, arrangements of the knives may also be chosen.
  • the knives may arranged other than opposite each other, while, moreover, a series of first and second knives may also be arranged on one side only.
  • slots may be provided in the side faces of the foam blocks.
  • curved and for instance circular slots may be provided.
  • all types of driving means for the knives may be used, and different knives may be drivable individually and/or in combination, while in particular the first knives may or may not be fixedly disposed, i.e. nonrotating, knives.
  • slots may be provided in different directions.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Ein Verfahren, um eine Aussparung (13) in Schaummaterial zu schneiden, wobei durch eine erste und eine zweite Messereinheit, die zumindest ein erstes (2) und jeweils zumindest ein zweites (3) Messer umfassen, zumindest ein erster (23) und jeweils zumindest ein zweiter Schnitt (24) in einer Oberfläche (21, 22) eines aus Schaum angefertigten Blocks (8) oder eines ähnlichen Gegenstands angebracht werden, der eine Kontur (18) erhält durch eine relative, lineare Bewegung des Gegenstands (8) in bezug zu den Messereinheiten, wobei das erwähnte erste Messer (2) und das erwähnte zweite Messer (3) mit einander einen Winkel einschließen und wobei, während der Anwendung, das Material, das sich zwischen dem erwähnten ersten (23) und zweiten (24) Schnitt und der Kontur (18) des Gegenstands befindet, entfernt wird, um die erwähnte Aussparung zu formen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erwähnte zweiter Messer (3) im wesentlichen rund ist, auf einer zentralen Rotationsachse (15) montiert ist und, während der Anwendung, rotierend angetrieben ist, wobei sich die Rotationsachse (15) während der Anwendung zumindest teilweise innerhalb der Kontur (18) des Gegenstands (8) befindet, wobei sich, während des Schnittes, das erwähnte zweite Messer (3) zur Gänze innerhalb der Kontur (18) des Gegenstands (8) ausdehnt, und wobei der Materialteil, der zur Bildung der Aussparung (13) entfernt werden muss, deformiert wird, wodurch die zentrale Rotationsachse (15) am erwähnten Materialteil vorbei kann.
  2. Ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erwähnte erste Messereinheit zumindest zwei erste runde oder gebogene, rotierende Messer (2) umfasst, durch die zwei erste Schnitte (23) im Gegenstand (8) angebracht werden, wobei sich die erwähnten ersten Schnitte in einem Abstand (D) von einander von einer äußeren Oberfläche (21, 22) des Gegenstands (8) in einem solchen Winkel und in einer solchen Tiefe ausdehnen, dass die erwähnten ersten Schnitte (23) einander nicht überschneiden oder berühren, wobei durch das erwähnte zweite Messer (3) ein zweiter Schnitt (24) angebracht wird, der die ersten Schnitte (23) miteinander verbindet, so dass der Teil (25) des Gegenstands, der sich zwischen den ersten Schnitten (23), dem erwähnten zweiten Schnitt (24) und der Außenkontur (18) des Gegenstands (8) befindet, zumindest im wesentlichen frei zu entfernen ist.
  3. Ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erwähnte Aussparung (13) ein röhrenförmiges Design aufweist, wobei zumindest zwei erste Messer (2) und ein zweites Messer (3) verwendet werden, wobei die Rotationsachse (15) des erwähnten zweiten Messers (3) sich approximativ in rechten Winkeln zur relativen Durchführungsrichtung (P) des Gegenstands (8) ausdehnt, in dem die erwähnte Aussparung (13) angebracht wird, und sich der erwähnte zweite Schnitt (24) zur Gänze innerhalb des Gegenstands (8) in einer Richtung im rechten Winkel zur Durchführungsrichtung (P) ausdehnt.
  4. Ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die ersten Messer (2) approximativ parallel zu einander ausdehnen, wobei sich das erwähnte zweite Messer (3) approximativ im rechten Winkel zu den ersten Messern (2) ausdehnt, wodurch im erwähnten Gegenstand (8) zumindest eine röhrenförmige Aussparung (13) angebracht wird, die einen im wesentlichen flachen Boden (16) und Wände hat, die sich approximativ im rechten Winkel zum Boden ausdehnen.
  5. Ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Messer (2) einen Winkel relativ zu einander einnehmen, in dem im erwähnten Gegenstand zumindest eine röhrenförmige Aussparung (13) mit geneigten Wänden angebracht wird.
  6. Eine Vorrichtung, um zumindest eine Aussparung (13) in Schaumstoff zu schneiden, die eine erste und eine zweite Messereinheit umfasst, die zumindest zwei erste (2) und jeweils zumindest ein zweites Messer (3) umfassen, die alle eine Schneidkante (11, 14) aufweisen, die weiters Mittel (1) zur Bewegung eines Schaumgegenstands (8) relativ zu den Messereinheiten in bezug zu einer Durchführungsrichtung (P) umfasst, wobei die Seitenflächen, die durch die Schneidkanten (11) der erwähnten ersten Messer (2) bestimmt werden, einen Winkel relativ zur Seitenfläche, die durch die Schneidkante (14) des erwähnten zweiten Messers (3) bestimmt wird, umfassen, wobei die erwähnten Schneidkanten (11) der erwähnten ersten Messer, betrachtet im rechten Winkel zur Durchführungsrichtung (P) des Gegenstands (8) durch einen Abstand (D) von einander getrennt sind, wobei die Schneidkante (14) des erwähnten zweiten Messers (3), betrachtet im rechten Winkel zur Durchführungsrichtung (P) des Gegenstands (8), zumindest im wesentlichen eine Linie berührt, die durch die Schnittlinie führt, die respektive durch zumindest ein und vorzugsweise durch beide der erwähnten ersten Messer (2) entsteht, so dass die Schneidränder der ersten (2) und zweiten Messer (3) eine etwa kanalförmige Kontur des Querschnitts der erwähnten Aussparung (13), die geformt werden soll, definieren, wohingegen während der Anwendung, zumindest die gesamte Schneidkante (14) des erwähnten zweiten Messers (3) sich innerhalb des Gegenstands (8) ausdehnt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erwähnte zweite Messer (3) im wesentlichen rund ist, auf einer zentralen Rotationsachse (15) montiert ist und in eine Drehrichtung um diese Rotationsachse angetrieben werden kann.
  7. Eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erwähnte erste Messereinheit zwei runde Messer (2) umfasst, die rotierend angetrieben werden können, wobei die Rotationsachse (15) des erwähnten zweiten Messers (3) mit den Rotationsachsen (12) der ersten Messer (2) einen Winkel einschließt.
  8. Eine Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Serie von ersten Messereinheiten, die Paare von ersten Messern (2) umfasst, und eine Serie von zweiten Messereinheiten vorhanden sind, die ein zweites Messer (3) umfasst, das, in Vorderansicht, in jedem Fall zwischen zwei ersten Messern (2) eingeschlossen ist, wobei die ersten und zweiten Messer (2, 3) gemeinsam angetrieben werden können.
  9. Eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Messer (2) auf einer gemeinsamen Rotationsachse (12) montiert sind.
  10. Eine Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Serien von ersten und zweiten Messereinheiten einander gegenüber liegend angeordnet sind, wobei, während der Anwendung, der erwähnte Gegenstand (8), der verarbeitet werden soll, im wesentlichen zwischen den gegenüber liegenden Serien von Messereinheiten durch geführt wird.
  11. Eine Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (5) zur Entfernung des ausgeschnittenen Materials (25) aus der erwähnten Aussparung (13) vorhanden sind.
  12. Eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die entfernenden Mittel (5) für jede Aussparung (13), die geformt werden soll, eine Vorlaufseite (17) umfassen, wobei, während der Anwendung, ein freies Ende (18) davon, das zu den Messern (2, 3) ausgerichtet ist und sich, in Durchführungsrichtung (P), hinter den Messern (2, 3) befindet, neben und vorzugsweise auf dem Boden (16) der Aussparung (13) aufliegt, wo die Abführungsmittel (20) für das ausgeschnittene Schaummaterial (25) an der Vorlaufseite anschließen.
  13. Eine Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel zur Verfügung stehen, die das ausgeschnittene Material (25), während der Anwendung, in Teile zerteilen.
EP97202646A 1996-09-02 1997-08-29 Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zum Nuten von Gegenständen aus Schaumstoff Expired - Lifetime EP0826466B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1003945A NL1003945C2 (nl) 1996-09-02 1996-09-02 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het snijden van uitsparingen in schuimvormige voorwerpen.
NL1003945 1996-09-02

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EP0826466A1 EP0826466A1 (de) 1998-03-04
EP0826466B1 true EP0826466B1 (de) 2002-07-17

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EP (1) EP0826466B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE220601T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69713969T2 (de)
NL (1) NL1003945C2 (de)

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ITVR20040093A1 (it) * 2004-06-01 2004-09-01 Vz Italia S R L Procedimento per la produzione di una struttura di cassonetto o simili
GB0720419D0 (en) * 2007-10-18 2007-11-28 Pugh Daniel Tile rebate cutting apparatus
US11174649B2 (en) * 2015-10-06 2021-11-16 Philip Agoglia Reveal edge tile cutting apparatus

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DE69713969T2 (de) 2003-02-20
ATE220601T1 (de) 2002-08-15
EP0826466A1 (de) 1998-03-04
DE69713969D1 (de) 2002-08-22
NL1003945C2 (nl) 1998-03-04

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