EP0809001B1 - Auspuffkrümmer mit Katalysator - Google Patents
Auspuffkrümmer mit Katalysator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0809001B1 EP0809001B1 EP97810309A EP97810309A EP0809001B1 EP 0809001 B1 EP0809001 B1 EP 0809001B1 EP 97810309 A EP97810309 A EP 97810309A EP 97810309 A EP97810309 A EP 97810309A EP 0809001 B1 EP0809001 B1 EP 0809001B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- axis
- inlet
- catalyst
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 154
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 88
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 35
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
- F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/16—Selection of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exhaust manifold.
- the exhaust manifold can be part of an exhaust system for form an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine consists for example of a petrol engine and has, for example, several cylindrical combustion chambers, in which is arranged a reciprocating piston.
- the engine could possibly be a rotary piston engine instead be formed and containing a rotary piston Have combustion chambers.
- Each combustion chamber has an exhaust outlet of the internal combustion engine connected.
- An exhaust manifold known from DE 295 05 660 U has several single lines formed from straight connections, whose Inlets with the exhaust gas exits of the internal combustion engine are connectable and their ends facing away from the inlets in a horizontal header pipe perpendicular to their axes lead.
- Each nozzle contains unspecified catalyst.
- the cross-sectional areas of the in the nozzle or single lines existing catalyst agent apparently at most about the same size as that Cross-sectional areas of the inlet openings of the nozzles.
- the Catalysts therefore cause a large one Flow resistance and a large pressure drop or Back pressure that reduces the useful output of the engine.
- the manifold also contains catalytic agents, which the Increase flow resistance and back pressure.
- Figures 7 to 10 of FR 2 179 689 A show exhaust manifolds with several lines with one exhaust Internal combustion engine are connected and contain catalyst agents.
- the catalytic agents of these exhaust manifolds have transverse to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases flowing through them also only require small cross-sectional areas several sharp deflections of the exhaust gas and the passage of the exhaust gas through cavities with small cross-sectional areas.
- the catalyst means and / or the gas flow from and to cause the catalyst agents high flow resistance even with these known exhaust manifolds as well as back pressures and especially in the variant according to FIGS. 9, 10 inhomogeneous flow distributions in the catalyst agents.
- US 4 887 427 A discloses an exhaust manifold for a diesel engine.
- the exhaust manifold has multiple lines, each of which contains a filter.
- the filters are not with catalyst means described in more detail and in a probably cylindrical housing or line section arranged. Upstream of each filter is a short line section, apparently serving as an exhaust manifold arranged, the axis probably with that of the filter collapses, and probably is conical.
- Such short, conical exhaust manifolds result however an inhomogeneous flow distribution in the filters and Catalyst means. This increases the back pressure and affects the cleaning of the exhaust gas.
- catalyst means in a cylindrical Arrange housing or line section which from level and corrugated sheet metal elements formed and for cleaning Exhaust gas from a gasoline engine are suitable.
- US 5 330 728 A discloses catalysts, their housings an inlet, a catalyst section containing catalyst agent and has an outlet.
- the inlet and the outlet are offset from each other and have parallel to each other Axes while the axis of the catalyst section and the passages of the catalyst means are inclined to these axes are.
- the exhaust gas entry surface and the exhaust gas exit surface the catalyst means are flat and parallel to the axes of the inlet and outlet.
- the invention has for its object an exhaust manifold to create the disadvantages of the well-known exhaust manifold avoids.
- the catalyst means at the lowest possible magnification a good cleaning of the flow resistance and back pressure of the exhaust gas allow the exhaust gas flow into the Catalyst means is distributed as evenly as possible that also the supply of the exhaust gas to the catalyst agents and the discharge of the exhaust gas directly to that of the catalyst subsequent discharge section of the lines cause only minimal flow resistance and that equipping the exhaust manifold with catalytic agent the space requirement is only slightly enlarged and the installation capability the exhaust manifold as little difficult as possible.
- the exhaust gas can be applied to the exhaust gas entry surface in this way the catalyst agent is distributed and directed away from it that there is only a slight back pressure. It can also the exhaust manifold with little space required in Motor vehicles, in particular motor vehicles and above all Passenger cars are installed.
- the internal combustion engine 1 shown in FIG. 1 is in a motor vehicle - for example in a passenger car installed and consists of a petrol engine.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is drawn in a top view and has a motor housing 2 and at least two and for example four cylinders.
- the cylinders delimit combustion chambers 3 and 3 one piston that can be moved back and forth. Every combustion chamber 3 is connected to an exhaust gas outlet 4.
- the four exhaust outlets have circular openings, for example in a common flat, and approximately vertical mating surface 5 of the motor housing 2 lie.
- the motor vehicle owns an exhaust manifold 11, which is schematically partially in Fig. 1 Top view, partly shown in development and partly also can be seen in Figures 2 to 4.
- the exhaust manifold 11 has at least two, namely four individual lines 12 with a metallic, rigid stainless steel, for example Wall.
- Each individual line 12 has a seal with one of the Exhaust ports 4 of the engine connected, approximately horizontal, first leg 13 with an inlet 15 and an exhaust manifold 16.
- the first leg 13 also includes after this forming an angle away from the first leg second leg 17 running below. This has in from first leg in the direction running in sequence a catalyst section 18, a discharge section 19, a transition section 20 and a connecting section 21.
- the second leg 17 is at the connecting section 21 connected to the main section 23 of the single line 12. This has an exit 24.
- Exhaust manifold 11 is at inlets 15, for example with a metallic, such as stainless steel, provided generally flat connection plate 26, which has a hole for each line 12 and cannot be detached from the initial sections connected from all four inlets 15 to Example is welded.
- the connection plate 26 rests the connection surface 5 of the motor housing 2, and is with fasteners, for example screws or the like, releasably attached to the motor housing.
- the exhaust manifold 11 has a collecting and connecting device 28. This is, for example, from three Y-shaped connecting elements composed and has four entrances, each of which is connected to an output 24 of a single line 12.
- the collecting and connecting device 28 also has one Output that is common to all individual lines 12 Output 28 of the entire exhaust manifold 11 forms and with one Exhaust pipe 29 is connected.
- Each inlet 15 has a straight, approximately horizontal Inlet axis 31 and at its with the engine housing 2nd connected start one to the inlet axis rotationally symmetrical, circular inlet opening 32.
- the Catalyst section 18 and the discharge section 19 have one common, just intersecting the inlet axis 31 Catalyst and discharge axis 33, for example in one approximately vertical plane.
- the transition section 20 defines a transition axis 36 intersecting axis 33.
- the inlet 15 has a short one at the beginning cylindrical and / or conical jacket or Wall section and is in away from the inlet opening successively square-shaped direction.
- the wall the exhaust manifold 16 has one on both sides side wall section that is approximately flat and parallel to is a plane passing through the axes 31, 33.
- the Distributor 16 also has a flat, to the latter Right-angled level and for example approximately to Inlet axis 31 parallel top wall section.
- the distributor 16 is open at the bottom and has one in one to the inlet axis inclined plane, square, namely rectangular Edge.
- the catalyst section 18 and the Discharge section 19 together consist of a cross section essentially square, namely rectangular, pipe section or jacket parallel to axis 33. That from this the rectangle formed in cross section has two longer ones Rectangular sides that correspond to those defined by axes 31, 33 level are parallel.
- the catalyst section as well as the discharge section forming jacket has in at both ends edges lying at right angles to axis 33.
- the Transition section 20 is square at its upper end, namely rectangular, is successively downward in cross-section circular and hangs at its lower end with the short, circular in cross section, for example cylindrical Connection section 21 together.
- the to the Main sections 23 connecting sections 21 the lines 12 consist of circular cross-section, pipes bent in their longitudinal directions.
- the two Legs 13, 17 are, for example, in all lines 12 approximately or exactly the same, while the Main sections 23 are different, but are bent in such a way that all lines 12 are approximately the same length.
- the catalyst section 18 of each individual line 12 contains Catalyst means 41 for the catalytic treatment of exhaust gas flowing through the relevant line 12.
- the catalyst agents present in a catalyst section 41 have at least one catalyst body 42 and, for example two in a row in the flow direction of the exhaust gas arranged catalyst body 42. These are for example, the same design and cuboid.
- One of Catalyst body 42 is drawn separately in FIG. 5 and has a square cross-section, namely rectangular Sleeve 45 with two flat, parallel, first walls 46 and two flat, mutually parallel, second walls 47.
- the sleeve 45 contains a package 48 of alternating successive first, levels Sheet metal elements and second, corrugated sheet metal elements.
- the Sheet metal elements are square in plan view.
- the first, flat sheet metal elements are parallel to the second Walls 47.
- the waves of the second sheet metal elements are parallel to the axis of the sleeve 45.
- the successive Sheet metal elements touch each other at the crest of the waves second sheet metal elements. Any edge parallel to the waves the sheet metal elements abuts one of the first walls 46 and is at least one edge section and for example at two spaced-apart edge sections one indicated in FIG. 5 and designated by 49 Welded connection firmly to the relevant wall 46 connected.
- the edges of the Sheet metal elements are at least approximately flush with the Edges of the walls of the sleeve and form at both ends the sleeve has a flat end surface that acts as the exhaust gas entry surface or exhaust gas exit surface.
- the thickness of the metallic cores of the sheet metal elements is preferably at most 0.1 mm and for example approximately 0.05 mm.
- the thickness of a sheet metal element with coatings facing away from each other is then at most 0.3 mm and, for example, approximately 0.1 mm to 0.15 mm.
- the wave height measured for one and the same surface from wave crest to wave crest of a corrugated sheet metal element provided with coatings is expediently at most 1.5 mm, preferably at most 1 mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm and for example approximately 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm.
- the wavelength can be approximately 1 mm to 2 mm, for example.
- a package of sheet metal elements in a cross section perpendicular to the shafts as well as to the exhaust gas passages preferably has at least 150 passages per cm 2 and for example approximately 180 to 200 passages per cm 2 .
- the sleeves 45 of the catalyst body 42 are full or with at most small play in the catalyst section 18 each Line 12 and are fixed to the wall of the catalyst section connected, for example welded.
- the themselves located at the lower end of the lower catalyst body 42 Exhaust gas outlet surface of the catalyst body also forms the Exhaust gas outlet surface 53 of all the catalyst means 41.
- the exhaust gas entry surface 51 is approximately flush with the top of the second leg 17.
- Each line 12 has a passage 55, which apart from that by the catalyst means occupied area consists of free cavities.
- the one in Cross section partly from the wall of the exhaust manifold 16 and on the bottom in FIG. 3 by the Exhaust gas inlet area 51 limited longitudinal section of the Passage of line 12 is hereinafter referred to as an exhaust gas distribution space 56 designated. Between the two Catalyst bodies of each line 12 is a narrow one Space 57 available.
- the exhaust passages 50 of the two Catalyst bodies run essentially parallel to Axis 33 from the entry surface 51 to the exit surface 53, passing through the space 57 between the two Catalyst bodies are divided.
- the immediately to the Exit surface 53 adjoining, in cross section from Discharge section 19 of the leg 17 enclosed section of the passage 55 is referred to as the discharge space 58. Further becomes that contained in the transition section 20 Passage section referred to as transition space 59.
- the inlet axis 31 intersects the catalyst and Deriving axis 33 at an angle ⁇ of 45 ° to 135 ° and preferably about 60 ° to 120 °.
- angle ⁇ between one within the Inlet portion of the inlet axis 31 and a section of the catalyst section Catalyst axis is measured.
- the second leg 17 is for example down from the inlet opening 32 tilted away so that the angle ⁇ when you put it on the lower, inner side of the of the two axes 31, 33 formed crest, is an obtuse angle and more than 90 °.
- the exhaust gas entry surface perpendicular to the axis 33 51 forms the catalyst agent accordingly with the inlet axis 31 an acute angle ⁇ , which is at most about 45 °.
- the exhaust gas distribution room 56 has a measured perpendicular to the inlet axis 31 Cross-sectional area that extends away from inlet opening 32 the inlet axis 31 at least approximately and for example decreases exactly linearly with the distance from the inlet opening and the farthest from the inlet opening Edge of the entry surface 51 becomes approximately zero.
- the circular inlet opening 32 has a diameter d.
- the approximately horizontal inlet 15 of each line 12 can be formed short so that the exhaust gas entry surfaces 51 the catalyst means relatively close to the inlet opening 32 of the relevant line.
- the closest to the inlet opening 32 of the Exhaust gas inlet surface 51 of the catalyst means 41 - i.e. in 3 the lower edge of the exhaust gas inlet surface - is from the flat mouth surface of the inlet parallel to the Inlet axis measured at a distance, for example at most equal to twice the diameter d of the inlet opening or even at most equal to this diameter d and is preferably at most 5 cm and for example only is about 1 cm to 3 cm.
- the one from the catalyst section 18 limited portion of the passage 55 of a line 12 forms in cross section a rectangle, the longer side of which is parallel to is a plane passing through axes 31 and 33 and has a length that is equal to the dimension a with at most small game arranged in the leg 17 Catalyst body or slightly larger than a.
- the Dimension a is larger, namely at least 30%, preferably at least 50% or even at least 100% larger than that Diameter d of the inlet opening 32.
- the diameter d and the dimension a is, for example, approximately 25 mm to 35 mm or 60 mm to 80 mm.
- the cross-sectional dimension or Width b of the catalyst body and approximately the same size or at most a little larger, perpendicular to the plane the axes 31, 33 measured cross-sectional dimension of the Catalyst section is limited passage section for example approximately the same size as the diameter d or at most a little smaller than this, but could may be significantly larger than the diameter d.
- the to the catalyst axis 33 and to the exhaust gas passages 50 right-angled, rectangular cross-sectional area of the Catalyst body 42 is larger, namely at least 30%, preferably at least 50% and for example at least 100% larger than the circular area of the inlet opening 32nd
- the catalyst section 18 and the discharge section 19 from one to the straight catalytic converter and discharge axis 33 parallel coat they have of course just aligned walls.
- the Discharge chamber 58 the same cross-sectional shape and the same Cross sectional dimensions like the interior of the Catalyst section 18.
- the measured parallel to the axis 33 Dimension e of the discharge section 19 and in this existing discharge space 58 is at least 10% and as well for example about or at least 20% of the maximum, diagonal cross-sectional dimension c and of course also at least 10% and preferably at least 20% of the Cross-sectional dimension a of the catalyst body.
- the wall of the transition section 20 forms the Transition from the rectangular cross section Diverter section 19 to the circular in cross section Connection section 21, the inside diameter of which for example is approximately equal to the diameter d of the inlet opening 32.
- the transition axis 36 forms with the catalyst and Deriving axis 33 an angle ⁇ . This is between one section of the axis 33 lying within the leg 17 and one located within the transition section 20 Section of the axis 36 measured and is preferably 135 ° up to 225 ° and for example 150 ° to 210 °.
- the wall of the Transitional section 20 may possibly be parallel in places to the transition axis 36, but is at least at certain circumferential areas inclined to the transition axis 36.
- the Angle between the wall of the transition section 20 and the Transition axis 36 can, for example, around the whole Transition section around at every point from its wall maximum 45 ° or even maximum 30 °. Further can the wall of the transition section 20 with the Catalyst and discharge axis 33 at least in places Form angles, which, however, also at most 45 ° everywhere can be. The wall of the transition section 20 forms accordingly for all wall points with the exhaust gas outlet surface 53 an angle of at least 45 °.
- the axial dimension or height h of the catalyst body can of course be determined such that a Adequate, catalytic purification of the exhaust gas is achieved becomes.
- the dimension or height h is, for example, in the range from 2 cm to 5 cm.
- the main sections 23 are essential longer than the inlets 15 and the catalyst sections 18.
- the lengths of the individual lines 12 are such on the intended speed range and the other properties of the internal combustion engine 1 matched that during operation of the engine emitted from one of the combustion chambers 3 Exhaust emissions despite the high pressure peaks at the inlets 15 the exhaust manifold 11 does not have engine power impairing the function of others Have combustion chambers.
- Each single line 17 can for example at least 0.5 m or at least 1 m long his.
- the length of the exhaust gas flow path of one Inlet opening 32 to the common outlet 28 of the Exhaust manifold is then in the range of, for example 0.7 m to 1.5 m.
- the formation of the catalyst body 42 from flat and corrugated sheet metal elements enables - as already described high number of exhaust gas passages 50 per unit of Cross-sectional area of the sheet metal element packages and catalyst bodies. Form the surfaces delimiting the exhaust gas passages accordingly a large one, for the catalytic Exhaust gas treatment effective surface area per unit volume Sheet metal packages and catalyst bodies.
- the catalyst agent therefore take up little space and can be easily close to the inlet openings 32 of the lines 12 in the the latter are installed.
- the large cross-sectional areas of Catalyst means, the routing of the exhaust gas before as well according to the catalyst means and the even distribution of the exhaust gas over the entire cross-sectional area of the Catalyst means to a small flow resistance, so that the catalyst means and the guidance of the exhaust gas immediately upstream and downstream of this back pressure generated by the exhaust gas against an exhaust manifold increase relatively little without catalyst.
- Line 112 has a first, approximately horizontal leg 113 with an inlet 115 and an exhaust manifold 116. At these closes a second one, jutting down from this Leg 117 on. This has away from the first leg 113 direction one after the other Catalyst section 118, a discharge section 119, a Transition section 120 and a connecting section 121.
- the inlet 115 defines an approximately horizontal one Inlet axis 131 and has a circular inlet opening 132.
- the walls of inlet 115 and the exhaust manifold 116 are configured similarly to those in FIGS. 1 to 4 visible lines 12.
- the catalyst section 118 and the discharge section 119 have a common, straight Catalyst and discharge axis 133 and consist of a straight, parallel to this, in cross section rectangular tube or jacket.
- the transition section defines and connects a transition axis 136 lower end of the rectangular leg 117 with the im Cross-section circular, for example cylindrical Connection section 121.
- This has, for example, a Axis 133 parallel, but on that of inlet opening 132 axis offset on the opposite side.
- the catalyst section 118 contains catalyst 141, but only one have single catalyst body 142. This has to Axis 133 parallel exhaust passages 150, an exhaust gas entry surface 151 and an exhaust gas exit surface 153.
- the Catalyst body 142 is again cuboid, forms in one perpendicular to axis 133 and passages 150 Cross section a rectangle and has parallel to the longer one Rectangular side that shown in Fig. 6 Cross-sectional dimension a and a not visible in Fig. 6, maximum cross-sectional dimension measured diagonally to the rectangle c.
- Deriving section 119 includes one immediately adjacent to the exit surface 153 Discharge chamber 158 and the deflection section 120 contain one Deflection room 159.
- the catalyst and discharge axis 133 forms with the Inlet axis 131 an angle ⁇ .
- the exhaust gas entry area 151 forms an angle ⁇ with the inlet axis 131.
- the Angles ⁇ and ⁇ lie in the same ranges as in the Lines 12.
- the parallel to the catalyst and discharge axis 133 measured dimension e of the discharge section 119 and Discharge chamber 158 in the partial in FIG. 6 subscribed line 112 at least about 30% and for example even at least 40% of the cross-sectional dimension a and also at least 25% or even at least 30% of the maximum, diagonal cross-sectional dimension c of the catalyst body 142.
- the transition section 120 has in this embodiment on the right side of FIG.
- the single line 212 of a Exhaust manifold 211 has a first, approximately horizontal Leg 213 with an inlet 215 and a second, after leg 217 projecting below with a cross section square, namely rectangular catalyst section 218. This is followed by a discharge and Transition section 219, which at its lower end with a connecting section 221 which is circular in cross section connected is.
- the inlet and the catalyst section define an inlet axis 231 and a catalyst axis, respectively 233.
- Deriving and transition section 219 define one Deriving and transition axis 234, that with the catalyst axis 233 is aligned or forms an angle ⁇ .
- the catalyst section 218 contains catalyst agent 241, for example from a single cuboidal catalyst body exist, contain exhaust gas passages 250 and an exhaust gas entry surface 251 and an exhaust gas exit surface 253 exhibit.
- the discharge and transition section 219 encloses in cross section one to the exhaust gas exit surface 253 adjacent discharge and transition space 258, which is on the axis 234 and measured parallel to it has dimension e.
- the line 212 In the case of the line 212, it thus forms the exhaust gas exit surface 253 adjacent discharge space 258 at the same time the transition space and makes the transition from the rectangular Exit surface 253 to the circular passage section of the connecting section 221.
- the wall of the Deriving and transition section 219 forms accordingly at least in places angle with the catalyst axis 233. These angles should preferably be everywhere and especially at each peripheral point of the edge of the exhaust gas exit surface 253 at most 45 °, preferably at most 30 °, better at most 25 ° and even better at most 20 °.
- the wall of the Deriving and transition section 219 then also forms at least in places from 90 ° angle with the Exhaust gas exit surface 253.
- angles are preferred at all edge points of the exit surface 253 at least 45 °, preferably at least 60 ° and more preferably at least 65 ° or be at least 70 °.
- the dimension e of the discharge and Transition space 258 is on line 212, for example at least equal to the cross-sectional dimension a as well at least equal to the maximum, diagonal cross-sectional dimension c the catalyst agent.
- the angle ⁇ becomes analog measured as previously explained for the angles ⁇ and ⁇ and preferably deviates at most 45 °, for example at most 30 °, better at most 25 ° and even better at most 20 ° from an extended angle - i.e. 180 ° - from and is thus preferably 135 ° to 225 °, for example 150 ° to 210 °, better 155 ° to 205 ° and even better 160 ° to 200 °.
- a single line 312 is one Exhaust manifold 311 can be seen.
- Line 312 has one first approximately horizontal leg 313 with an inlet 315 and an exhaust manifold 316 and one of the first Leg 313 projecting downward, second leg 317.
- This has a catalyst section 318, one Diverter section 319, a transition section 320 and one Connection section 321.
- the inlet has an approximate horizontal inlet axis 331.
- the catalyst section and the discharge section have a common catalyst and Discharge axis 333.
- the catalyst section contains Catalyst means 341, the at least one catalyst body 342 with exhaust gas passages 350, an exhaust gas entry surface 351 and have an exhaust gas exit surface 353.
- the wall of the Exhaust manifold 316 limited along with that Entry area 351 of the catalyst means an exhaust gas distribution space 356th
- the catalyst and discharge axis 333 forms with the Inlet axis 331 an angle ⁇ , which is in this line is approximately or exactly 90 °.
- the exhaust gas entry surface 351 is accordingly approximately parallel to the inlet axis 331.
- the wall of the exhaust manifold opposite the entry surface 351 316 is roughly level and away from the entrance inclined below the entry surface 351.
- the exhaust gas distribution room 356 has in one to the inlet axis rectangular cross-section a cross-sectional area that from Intake away in turn decreases linearly.
- the second leg 317 is, for example, similarly designed as in the shown in Fig. 6 line.
- the internal combustion engine 1 and the exhaust systems can still be changed in several ways. It can for example, features of various described Embodiments can be combined.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably an obtuse or right Angle, but may also be an acute angle and So - as already mentioned - around 45 ° to 135 ° lie.
- the catalyst agents can possibly be a have square cross-sectional area and for example have at least one cube-shaped catalyst body.
- connection plate 26 can, for example, by separate Ring flanges are replaced, each on one of the Lines is attached.
- each catalyst body have two or more sleeves, each of which is a package Contains sheet metal elements. The same catalyst body belonging sleeves can then face each other with walls abut and welded together or in otherwise rigidly connected.
- the engine can also have fewer or more than four cylinders and have a corresponding number of exhaust outlets.
- the number the individual pipes of the exhaust manifold can then accordingly, be more or less than four.
- to provide an exhaust system with two exhaust manifolds from each with a group of engine exhaust ports connected entrances and one with an exhaust pipe connected output.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Description
Claims (13)
- Auspuffkrümmer mit mindestens zwei Leitungen (12, 112, 212, 312), von denen jede einen zum Verbinden mit einem Verbrennungsmotor (1) bestimmten Einlass (15, 115, 215, 315) und einen mit diesem einen Winkel bildenden Katalysatorabschnitt (18, 118, 218, 318) hat, wobei der Einlass (15, 115, 215, 315) eine Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) und eine Einlassöffnungsfläche hat, wobei der Katalysatorabschnitt (18, 118, 218, 318) Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) zur katalytischen Behandlung von Abgas enthält und eine Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) definiert, wobei die Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) eine zur Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) rechtwinkligen Querschnittsfläche und eine Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) haben, wobei die Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) mit der Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) einen Winkel bildet und wobei jede Leitung (12, 112, 212, 312) einen Abgas-Verteiler (16, 116, 316) mit einem hohlen, an die Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) angrenzenden Abgas-Verteilungsraum (56, 356) sowie einen an die Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) anschliessenden Ableitabschnitt (19, 119, 219, 329) hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querschnittsfläche der Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) grösser ist als die Einlassöffnungsfläche, dass die Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) und die genannte Querschnittsfläche der Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) im Wesentlichen viereckförmig sind, dass der Abgas-Verteiler (16, 116, 316) zwei seitliche Wandabschnitte sowie einen der Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) abgewandten Deckwandabschnitt hat, der sich vom Einlass (15, 115, 215, 315) weg an die Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) annähert, dass der Abgas-Verteilungsraum (56, 356) eine zur Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) senkrechte Querschnittsfläche hat, die in vom Einlass zur Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) verlaufender Richtung im Wesentlichen linear abnimmt, und dass der Ableitabschnitt (19, 119, 219, 319) eine Ableitachse (33, 133, 234, 333) definiert, die mit der Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) fluchtet und/oder einen Winkel ϑ von 135° bis 225° bildet sowie eine auf der Ableitachse (33, 133, 234, 333) parallel zu dieser gemessene Abmessung e hat, die mindestens 10% einer maximalen diagonalen Querschnittsabmessung c der Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 341) beträgt.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) mit der Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) einen Winkel α bildet, der mindestens 45° beträgt.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) im Wesentlichen eben und senkrecht zur Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) ist.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) mit der Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) einen spitzen Winkel β bildet.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) im allgemeinen parallel zur Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) verlaufende Abgas-Durchgänge (50, 150, 250, 350) und eine Abgas-Austrittsfläche (53, 153, 253, 353) haben und dass die Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) sowie die Abgas-Austrittsfläche (53, 153, 253, 353) im wesentlichen eben und senkrecht zur Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) sind.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) eine Abgas-Austrittsfläche (53, 153, 253, 353) haben und dass der Ableitabschnitt (19, 119, 219, 319) eine Wandung hat, die an ihrem sich bei der Abgas-Austrittsfläche (53, 153, 253, 353) befindenden Ende bei allen Umfangsstellen parallel zur Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) ist oder mit dieser Winkel von höchstens 45° bildet.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der von der Wandung des Ableitabschnitts (19, 199, 219, 319) bei den genannten Umfangsstellen allenfalls mit der Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) gebildete Winkel höchstens 30° und zum Beispiel höchstens 25° beträgt.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in jeder Leitung (12, 112, 212, 312) angeordneten Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) . mindestens einen im wesentlichen formfesten, im wesentlichen quaderförmigen oder würfelförmigen Katalysatorkörper (42) aufweisen und dass jeder Katalysatorkörper (42) mindestens ein Paket (48) von abwechselnd aufeinanderfolgenden, im wesentlichen ebenen und gewellten Blechelementen aufweist, die Überzüge mit katalytisch aktivem Material aufweisen und zusammen Abgas-Durchgänge (50, 150, 250, 350) begrenzen.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Paket von Blechelementen in einem zu den Abgas-Durchgängen (50, 150, 250, 350) rechtwinkligen Querschnitt mindestens 150 Abgas-Durchgänge (50, 150, 250, 350) pro cm2 aufweist.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querschnittsfläche der Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) mindestens 30% grösser ist als die Einlassöffnungsfläche.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einlass (15, 115, 215, 315) eine kreisförmige Einlassöffnung (32, 132) mit einem Durchmesser d hat, dass die Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) im Querschnitt zwei Viereckseiten haben, die parallel zu einer durch die Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) und die Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) verlaufenden Ebene sind und eine Länge haben, die grösser ist als der Durchmesser d.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwei seitlichen Wandabschnitte des Abgas-Verteilers (16, 116, 316) ungefähr eben und parallel zu einer Ebene sind, die durch die Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) und die Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) der betreffenden Leitung (12, 112, 212, 312) verläuft, und dass der Deckwandabschnitt des Abgas-Verteilers (16, 116, 316) eben und rechtwinklig zu der durch die Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) sowie durch die Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) der betreffenden Leitung (12, 112, 212, 312) verlaufenden Ebene ist.
- Auspuffkrümmer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgas-Eintrittsfläche (51, 151, 251, 351) und die genannte Querschnittsfläche der Katalysatormittel (41, 141, 241, 341) Rechtecke bilden, deren längeren Rechteckseiten parallel zu einer Ebene sind, die durch die Einlassachse (31, 131, 231, 331) und die Katalysatorachse (33, 133, 233, 333) der betreffenden Leitung (12, 112, 212, 312) verläuft.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH129996 | 1996-05-23 | ||
CH1299/96 | 1996-05-23 | ||
CH129996 | 1996-05-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0809001A1 EP0809001A1 (de) | 1997-11-26 |
EP0809001B1 true EP0809001B1 (de) | 2003-01-22 |
Family
ID=4207188
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97810309A Expired - Lifetime EP0809001B1 (de) | 1996-05-23 | 1997-05-20 | Auspuffkrümmer mit Katalysator |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5881553A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0809001B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH1054229A (de) |
KR (1) | KR970075250A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9703308A (de) |
DE (1) | DE59709173D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2187743T3 (de) |
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JP2001164907A (ja) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 多気筒内燃機関の廃熱回収装置 |
US6669912B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2003-12-30 | Senior Investments Ag | Flexible combined vibration decoupling exhaust connector and preliminary catalytic converter construction |
JP2002070532A (ja) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-03-08 | Ibiden Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
JP3521895B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-07 | 2004-04-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気マニホルド |
DE10216272B9 (de) * | 2002-04-12 | 2006-05-18 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasbehandlungsanordnung für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
FR2843776A1 (fr) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-02-27 | Faurecia Sys Echappement | Dispositif de depollution des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur |
DE102004018693B4 (de) * | 2004-04-17 | 2007-09-06 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Abgasanlage |
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- 1997-05-20 EP EP97810309A patent/EP0809001B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-20 DE DE59709173T patent/DE59709173D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-21 JP JP9131125A patent/JPH1054229A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-22 KR KR1019970019999A patent/KR970075250A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-23 BR BR9703308A patent/BR9703308A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-23 US US08/862,525 patent/US5881553A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0809001A1 (de) | 1997-11-26 |
JPH1054229A (ja) | 1998-02-24 |
ES2187743T3 (es) | 2003-06-16 |
DE59709173D1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
KR970075250A (ko) | 1997-12-10 |
BR9703308A (pt) | 1998-10-27 |
US5881553A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
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