EP0808946A1 - Rail fastening - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a guide plate (5) and a clamp spring (3), held in assembly position by a fastening element, anchored in the sleeper (1). The element is a preferably lockable anchor element (15) with cam plate (18). When the anchor element is turned, the cam plate tensions the clamp spring. The cam plate is stepped and has one first ramp-shaped section, which merges into a first locking step. A second ramp-shaped section next to the step merges into a second locking step. The first step corresponds to an assembly position, the second step corresponds to a final fitted position.

Description

The present invention relates to a rail fastening which can be preassembled on concrete sleepers or the like, which is arranged on both sides of the rail at the rail fastening point and each has an elastic clamping spring and an angular guide plate, the guide plate having a side on the rail foot and on the side facing away from the rail with an inclined surface bears against a corresponding support surface of a recess in the concrete sleeper or the like and the guide plate and the clamping spring are held in their preassembly position by means of a fastening means which can be anchored in the concrete sleeper or the like and presses the clamping spring in the final assembly position onto the rail foot.

Such a rail fastening is known from DE-OS 39 18 091. Threshold screws are used as fasteners, which are screwed into corresponding holes in the concrete sleepers using plastic dowels. The clamping springs held by the sleeper screws are specially designed tension clamps made of steel bars, which are preassembled on the concrete sleepers together with angle guide plates. The tension clamps are moved out of the pre-assembly position towards the rail until they engage on the side facing away from the rail in a guide groove formed in the angle guide plate and press their free ends onto the rail foot. In this position, disassembly is carried out by tightening the sleeper screws using a screwing machine until a desired clamping force is reached, the middle part of the clamping clamp coming to lie at a short distance above the rail foot.

This known rail fastening is characterized by a simple pre-assembly and a simple transition from the pre-assembly into the final assembly position after the rail has been inserted. In addition, the angle guide plates ensure that horizontal forces are transmitted directly to the concrete sleepers and thus only pure tensile forces act on the sleeper screws so that they cannot loosen themselves.

Nevertheless, many railway engineers are incomprehensibly of the opinion that screwed rail fastening systems are maintenance-intensive because screwed connections would loosen automatically, whereas screwless systems are low-maintenance or even maintenance-free.

Screwless rail fastening systems require special anchoring in the sleepers. Systems are known in which springs are threaded, for example, parallel to the rail or perpendicular to the rail. There are also systems in the prior art in which one spring end is inserted into an opening in order to subsequently insert the second spring end into a second semi-open holder by means of a lever.

The present invention has for its object to improve a rail fastening of the type mentioned so that this in addition to the advantages of the screwed rail fastening systems, such as the direct Derivation of horizontal forces in the concrete body, an even faster and easier rail assembly enables.

This object is achieved in that the fastening means is a lockable anchor element which is provided with a cam plate which causes the clamping spring to be tensioned when the anchor element is rotated. The solution according to the invention represents a kind of quick-release fastener which ensures an almost foolproof rail assembly. By maintaining the known angular guide plate, it is in turn ensured that only tensile forces but no shear forces act on the anchor element. Clamping springs can e.g. Clamps, so-called fast clips or the like are used.

A preferred embodiment of the rail fastening according to the invention is characterized in that the cam disc is step-shaped and has at least one ramp-shaped section over which the clamping spring is tensioned when the anchor element is rotated. To lock the anchor element, one or more locking steps can be formed in the cam plate, to which different degrees of tension of the clamping spring are assigned.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the cam disc has a first rising ramp-shaped section which merges into a first latching step, which is followed by a second ramp-like section which rises again and merges into a second latching step, the first latching step being a pre-assembly position and the second locking step corresponds to a final assembly position. The ramp-shaped sections can have different slopes, the slope of the first section preferably being greater than that of the second section. In this way, the torque increase during tensioning of the clamping spring can be reduced, so that the twisting of the anchor element into the final assembly position is correspondingly facilitated.

Anchoring is simple and inexpensive to implement if the anchor element engages with an angled end section on the cam disk. Alternatively, however, several anchor claws can also be formed on the anchor element.

To attach a wrench or other suitable tool, the anchor element can have a standard rail screw head. Alternatively, however, it can also be expedient if the head of the anchor element is designed in such a way that only a special wrench, but not a commercially available wrench, can be attached to it. In this way, loosening of the anchorage by unauthorized persons is prevented or at least made more difficult. For example, the anchor element can have an internal key attachment and / or can be provided with an opening or holding part for attaching a crossbar.

According to another advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the cam disc is held in a housing arranged in the concrete sleeper, which preferably consists of plastic. In this way it is possible to integrate the cam disc with the housing directly into the concrete sleeper during its manufacture. The housing serves as a placeholder and the electrical track insulation, provided it is made of plastic or another electrically insulating material is made.

For electrical track insulation, the cam disc can also be made of plastic and / or the anchor element can be encapsulated or coated with a plastic jacket. Furthermore, the anchor element can also be arranged in a sleeve made of plastic or another electrically insulating material.

Further advantageous refinements of the rail fastening according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt durch ein Schienenprofil mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Schienenbefestigung, bei welchem die linke Seite die Endmontagestellung im Gleisaußenraum und die rechte Seite die Vormontagestellung im Gleisinnenraum im Schnitt darstellt;

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf das Schienenprofil und die Schienenbefestigung gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

in Seitenansicht ein stangenförmiges Ankerelement mit einem Vierkantkopf und einem abgewinkelten Endabschnitt;

Fig. 4

in Seitenansicht ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel eines stangenförmigen Ankerelements mit einem besonders ausgestalteten Kopfabschnitt;

Fig. 5

eine Draufsicht auf den Kopfabschnitt gemäß Fig. 4;

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf eine Winkelführungsplatte für die erfindungsgemäße Schienenbefestigung;

Fig. 7

einen Querschnitt durch die Winkelführungsplatte gemäß Fig. 6 entlang der Linie A-A;

Fig. 8

einen Querschnitt durch die Winkelführungsplatte gemäß Fig. 6 entlang der Linie E-E;

Fig. 9

eine Draufsicht auf eine Kurvenscheibe für die erfindungsgemäße Schienenbefestigung;

Fig. 10

einen Querschnitt durch die Kurvenscheibe gemäß Fig. 9 entlang der Linie A-A;

Fig. 11

den abgewickelten Außendurchmesser der Kurvenscheibe gemäß Fig. 9;

Fig. 12

eine Seitenansicht eines zweiteiligen, in Längsrichtung geteilten Gehäuses zur Aufnahme der Kurvenscheibe;

Fig. 13

eine Draufsicht auf das Gehäuse gemäß Fig. 12 in zusammengesetztem Zustand;

Fig. 14

eine Draufsicht auf das Gehäuse gemäß Fig. 12 in geöffnetem Zustand; und

Fig. 15

eine vergrößerte schematische Darstellung des Details Z der Fig. 14.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a cross section through a rail profile with a rail fastening according to the invention, in which the left side represents the final assembly position in the track exterior and the right side the pre-assembly position in the track interior in section;

Fig. 2

a plan view of the rail profile and the rail fastening according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 3

in side view a rod-shaped anchor element with a square head and an angled end portion;

Fig. 4

in side view another embodiment of a rod-shaped anchor element with a specially designed head portion;

Fig. 5

a plan view of the head portion of FIG. 4;

Fig. 6

a plan view of an angle guide plate for the rail fastening according to the invention;

Fig. 7

a cross section through the angle guide plate of FIG 6 along the line AA.

Fig. 8

a cross section through the angle guide plate of FIG 6 along the line EE.

Fig. 9

a plan view of a cam for the rail fastening according to the invention;

Fig. 10

a cross section through the cam according to FIG 9 along the line AA.

Fig. 11

the unwound outer diameter of the cam according to FIG. 9;

Fig. 12

a side view of a two-part, longitudinally divided housing for receiving the cam;

Fig. 13

a plan view of the housing of FIG 12 in the assembled state.

Fig. 14

a plan view of the housing of FIG 12 in the open state. and

Fig. 15

an enlarged schematic representation of the detail Z of FIG. 14th

1 and 2, the rail fastening according to the invention is shown on the left half of the picture in the final assembly position and on the right half of the picture in the preassembly position, specifically in FIG. 1 in a central longitudinal section through a concrete sleeper 1 and in FIG. 2 in a plan view , however, the concrete sleeper is omitted and the rail 2 is cut off outside the epsilon-shaped clamping springs 3. The left side shows the outside of the track and the right side shows the inside of the track, with the rail 2 in the outside of the track in the assembled state and in the inside of the track in the pre-assembled state.

As can be seen in Fig. 1, the rail 2, which is shown here using the example of the known rail profile UIC 60, lies on the concrete sleeper 1 between two angular guide plates 5 using a vibration-damping intermediate layer 4, the rail axis in a known manner a fixed ratio of e.g. 1:40 is inclined towards the vertical towards the track interior. The angular guide plates 5 each have a longitudinal rib 6 with which they rest on the rail base 7. The guide plates 5 also each have an inclined surface 8 with which they bear on the side facing away from the rail 2 against a corresponding support surface 9 of a recess 10 in the concrete sleeper 1.

Due to the relatively long shape of the inner legs 11 of the clamping spring 3, it is possible to move the clamping spring 3 from the preassembly position into the final assembly position without twisting, the free ends 12 of the clamping spring 3 from their preassembly position at the stops 13 of the longitudinal rib 6 of the guide plate 5 Slide over the inclined surface 43 on the upper edge of the longitudinal rib 6 adjacent to the rail foot 7 onto the rail foot 7.

The inner legs 11 of the clamping spring 3 are guided along the inner guide grooves 14 of the guide plate 5.

Rod-shaped anchor elements 15 serve as fastening means, each having a head 16 holding the clamping spring 3 and an angled end 17 which engages a cam disk 18 mounted within the concrete sleeper 1. The cams 18 are each inserted in a plastic housing 19, with which they are cast in the concrete mass in the manufacture of the concrete sleeper 1. The housing 19 can be oriented obliquely so that the central axis of the anchor element 15 inserted therein intersects the rail axis below the rail (see. Fig. 1). The housing 19 is composed of two parts 20, 21, which can be positively connected to one another with a slight clamp fit by means of a tongue and groove connection 22 (cf. FIGS. 14 and 15). In the assembled state, the housing 19 forms a chamber-like section 23 which has a rectangular cross section. The cam 18 is accordingly provided with a substantially rectangular-shaped shoulder 24, as can be seen particularly well in FIG. 9. The shoulder 24 is held in the upper region of the chamber-like housing section 23 by four support ribs 25 lying in one plane, so that the cam plate 18 is fixed in the axial direction of the anchor element 15. A tubular housing section 26 adjoins the chamber-shaped section 23 in the direction of the upper side of the threshold, which has a keyhole-shaped cross section with a round and a substantially rectangular partial area 27 or 28. The rectangular partial area 28 is chamfered on the upper side, so that the housing 19 is arranged in the concrete just below the respective recess 10 for the angle guide plate 5 can be. On the underside, the housing 19 is provided with an opening 29, which meets a recess 30 in the underside of the threshold (cf. FIG. 1).

The angled end section 17 of the anchor element 15 can be inserted from the top of the concrete sleeper 1 through an elongated hole-like opening 31 within the guide plate 5 via the channel-shaped section 26 into the chamber-like housing section 23. As shown in FIG. 9, the cam plate 18 has a U-shaped opening 32 which meets the channel-shaped housing section 26, so that the angled end 17 of the anchor element 15 can easily pass the cam plate 18 and engage it on the underside.

The cam disc 18 has a first ramp-shaped section 33 with a relatively large slope, which merges into a first trough-shaped latching step 34. This first latching step 34 is followed by a second ramp-shaped section 35, which has a smaller slope and merges into a second trough-shaped latching step 36 (cf. FIGS. 9 to 11). The first locking step 34 serves to lock the anchor element 15 in the preassembly position.

After the rail 2 is placed between the angle guide plates 5 using the intermediate layer 4 on the concrete sleeper 1, the epsilon-shaped clamping springs 3 are pushed towards the rail 2 from the preassembly position, so that their free leg ends 12 press on the rail foot 7 and the Leg 2 facing away from leg 37 engage in the longitudinal groove 38 of the guide plate 5. In this final assembly position, the angled end section 17 of the anchor element 15 is then removed from the first latching step 34 rotated via the second ramp-shaped section 35 into the second latching step 36 and finally locked there again. The middle part 39 of the clamping spring 3 which wraps around the shaft of the anchor element 15 comes to lie at a slight distance above the rail foot 7. In this way, the rail 1 is pressed onto the concrete sleeper 1 with a certain tension (cf. right and left half of Fig. 1).

In order to secure the rail fastening against unauthorized loosening, the rod-shaped anchor element 15 can preferably have a specially designed head 40 instead of a railroad sleeper screw head 16. An example of such a special anchor element 15 'is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The head 40 of this anchor element 15 'has three polygonal attachment surfaces 41 offset by approximately 120 ° for a correspondingly designed special key. At the top of the head 40 there is also a bore 42 into which a guide pin provided on the special key (not shown) can be inserted.

Reference list

1

Concrete sleeper

2nd

rail

3rd

Clamp spring (tension clamp)

4th

Liner

5

Angle guide plate

6

Longitudinal rib on the angle guide plate 5

7

Rail foot

8th

Sloping surface on the angle guide plate 5

9

Support surface on the concrete sleeper 1

10th

Recess in the concrete sleeper 1

11

Inner leg of the spring clip 3

12th

free leg ends of the spring clip 3

13

Stops on the angle guide plate 5

14

inner guide troughs of the angle guide plate 5

15

Anchor element

16

Square screw head

17th

angled end section of the anchor element 15

18th

Cam

19th

casing

20th

first housing part

21

second housing part

22

Tongue and groove connection

23

chamber-like housing section

24th

Heel on cam 18

25th

Support ribs

26

tubular housing section

27

round section of the tubular section 26

28

Rectangular partial area of the tubular section 26

29

bottom housing opening

30th

Recess in the concrete sleeper 1

31

Opening in the angle guide plate 5

32

U-shaped opening of the cam disk 18

33

first ramp-shaped section of the cam disk 18

34

first locking stage of the cam disk 18

35

second ramp-shaped section of the cam disk 18

36

second locking stage of the cam disk 18

37

leg of the clamping spring 3 facing away from the rail 2

38

Guide groove in the angle guide plate 5

39

Middle part of the clamping spring (tension clamp) 3

40

Anchor head

41

Attachment surfaces for special tools

42

Hole in anchor head 40

Claims (19)

Rail fastening that can be preassembled on concrete sleepers (1) or the like, which is arranged on both sides of the rail (2) at the rail fastening point and each has an elastic clamping spring (3) and an angular guide plate (5), the guide plate (5) having one side on the rail foot (7) and on the side facing away from the rail (2) with an inclined surface (8) on a corresponding support surface of a recess in the concrete sleeper (1) or the like, and wherein the guide plate (5) and the clamping spring (3) by means of a Concrete sleeper (1) or similar fasteners which can be anchored are held in their preassembly position and the clamping spring (3) presses on the rail foot (7) in the final assembly position,
characterized in that the fastening means is a preferably lockable anchor element (15) which is provided with a cam disc (18) which, when the anchor element (15) is rotated, tensions the clamping spring (3). Rail fastening according to claim 1,
characterized in that the cam disc (18) is step-shaped and has at least one ramp-shaped section (33; 35). Rail fastening according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the cam disc (18) has a plurality of latching steps (34; 36). Rail fastening according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the cam disc (18) has a first rising ramp-shaped section (33) which merges into a first locking step (34), which is followed by a second rising ramp-shaped section (35) which leads into a second locking step (36 ) passes over, the first locking step (34) corresponding to a pre-assembly position and the second locking step (35) to a final mounting position. Rail fastening according to claim 4,
characterized in that the ramp-shaped sections (33, 35) have different slopes. Rail fastening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cam disc (18) is arranged in a cavity in the concrete sleeper (1) or the like. Rail fastening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor element (15) has an angled end section (17) which engages on the cam disc (18). Rail fastening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor element (15) has a standardized screw head (16). Rail fastening according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the anchor element (15) has a head (40) to which a special wrench, but not a commercially available wrench, can be positively attached, so that unauthorized persons prevent the anchor element (15) from being released. Rail fastening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cam disc (18) is held in a housing (19) arranged in the concrete sleeper (1). Rail fastening according to claim 10,
characterized in that the housing (19) consists of plastic. Rail fastening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor element (15) is provided with a plastic jacket. Rail fastening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor element (15) is arranged in a sleeve made of plastic or another electrically insulating material. Rail fastening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping spring (3) can be displaced from the pre-assembly position into the final assembly position. Rail fastening according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide plate (5) has a guide groove (38) into which the clamping spring (3) engages in the final assembly position. Rail fastening according to claim 15,
characterized in that the guide plate (5) has an elongated hole-like opening (31) through which the angled end section (17) of the anchor element (15) can be inserted. Rail fastening according to claim 15 or 16,
characterized in that the clamping spring (3) is a tension clamp designed in such a way that its inner legs (11) wrap around the anchor element (15) and are overlapped by the anchor element (15). Rail fastening according to claim 17,
characterized in that the guide plate (5) is provided with stops (13) against which the free ends (12) of the tensioning clamp (3) rest in the preassembly position. Rail fastening according to claim 17,
characterized in that the clamping spring (3) is an epsilon-shaped clamping clamp.

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