EP0808894B1 - Procédé pour le nettoyage de la vaisselle - Google Patents

Procédé pour le nettoyage de la vaisselle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0808894B1
EP0808894B1 EP97103898A EP97103898A EP0808894B1 EP 0808894 B1 EP0808894 B1 EP 0808894B1 EP 97103898 A EP97103898 A EP 97103898A EP 97103898 A EP97103898 A EP 97103898A EP 0808894 B1 EP0808894 B1 EP 0808894B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
acid
solution
cleaning
complexing agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP97103898A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0808894A1 (fr
Inventor
Olaf Schreiber
Jürgen Dr. Staffeldt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chemische Fabrik Dr Weigert GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
WEIGERT CHEM FAB
Chemische Fabrik Dr Weigert GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7795284&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0808894(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by WEIGERT CHEM FAB, Chemische Fabrik Dr Weigert GmbH and Co filed Critical WEIGERT CHEM FAB
Publication of EP0808894A1 publication Critical patent/EP0808894A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0808894B1 publication Critical patent/EP0808894B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/0018—Controlling processes, i.e. processes to control the operation of the machine characterised by the purpose or target of the control
    • A47L15/0055—Metering or indication of used products, e.g. type or quantity of detergent, rinse aid or salt; for measuring or controlling the product concentration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D7/06—Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D7/265—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D7/3245—Aminoacids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/40—Specific cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/44—Multi-step processes

Definitions

  • a method for machine dishwashing is known in which the dishes are pre-cleaned by spraying on a cleaning solution after a specified exposure time in a main cleaning area by the Wash liquor is washed off again.
  • the pre-cleaner solution is made up of a ready-made Pre-cleaner made by dilution.
  • the pre-cleaner contains an alkali component and a complexing agent for water softening.
  • DE-A 43 39 503 describes this procedure as disadvantageous because it is a mixture of Alkaline component and complexing agent is difficult to wash off the dishes and because of that Complexing agents as water softeners only become fully effective in the main cleaning area unfold.
  • This prior art therefore teaches that the pre-cleaner solution to be sprayed on should not contain any complexing agents, but only an alkali component.
  • the complexing agent is added separately to the wash liquor and not to the dishes sprayed on.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for cleaning To create dishes of the type mentioned, which has a good cleaning effect economical use of cleaning agents, especially the expensive complexing agent, having.
  • pre-cleaner solution actually means spraying on the dishes brought into contact solution, which by diluting the components or Components of the pre-cleaner is obtained with water. With these components or Components of the pre-cleaner will usually be concentrates.
  • pre-cleaning denotes a process preceding the main cleaning, which does not necessarily have to be the first process step.
  • pre-cleaning steps which are not defined in claim 1, be upstream.
  • a first pre-cleaning step pre-rinsing
  • pre-rinsing be provided for removing coarse impurities.
  • spraying means bringing the pre-cleaning solution into contact with the dishes in such a way that they are at least largely from the pre-cleaner solution is wetted. It is preferably a finely divided spraying.
  • the term "separate metering into the pre-cleaner solution” means that the pre-cleaner solution from at least the two components alkali component and complexing agent is produced by mixing. It is preferably diluted with water. This Mixing is preferably done immediately before spraying onto the dishes. The separate metering can be done by metered addition of the components into a premix tank happen, the pre-mix tank then feeds the spray nozzle or the spray nozzles. However, the pre-cleaner components can also be used directly with a metering pump dose into the water jet that feeds the spray nozzles. After all, it is still possible that the different components of the pre-cleaner solution can be sprayed from separate spray nozzles and are only immediately in situ combine on the dishes to form the pre-cleaning solution.
  • main cleaning refers to one that follows pre-cleaning Process in which the dishes are showered and / or washed around by a washing liquor. Only the sprayed on in the pre-cleaning step can be used as a cleaner in this wash liquor Pre-cleaner solution, which is diluted accordingly by the wash liquor, use Find.
  • other detergents can also be added to the wash liquor, the usual ingredients such as surfactants, enzymes, disinfectants, and conventional additives and auxiliaries such as, for example, solubilizers, defoamers, fragrances, Contain dyes, thickeners, preservatives and hardness dispersants.
  • solubilizers defoamers
  • fragrances Contain dyes, thickeners
  • preservatives and hardness dispersants preservatives and hardness dispersants.
  • step 1 main rinsing immediately rinse (usually with a normal Rinse aid) if necessary, follow (further) rinsing with water. All of these variations are included in the term "rinse" used in claim 1.
  • alkali component is an alkaline reaction in aqueous solution Material.
  • Preferred alkali components are alkali metal hydroxides, especially sodium and / or potassium hydroxide.
  • everyone is a complexing agent in the sense of the invention Substance that makes up the hardness of water metal ions (especially alkaline earth metal ions) can keep in solution by complex formation.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that the individual needs Dosing of alkali component on the one hand and complexing agent on the other hand in the to be sprayed on a pre-cleaning solution compared to the process of DE-A 43 39 503 improved cleaning effect with economical consumption of Cleaner (especially complexing agent) enables.
  • the invention has recognized that in In contrast to the technical teaching of the font mentioned, the complexing agents do their full Efficacy does not only develop in the wash cycle, but surprisingly as a component the sprayed pre-cleaner solution significantly improve the cleaning effect.
  • the alkali component preferably contains 5-50%, more preferably 10-40% total alkalinity calculated as NaOH. Unless otherwise, all percentages are indicated, percentages by weight. The total alkalinity is calculated in each case as NaOH. For example, if the alkalinity is added as potassium hydroxide, it must Weight fraction based on the molecular weight ratios of NaOH and KOH in weight fraction NaOH can be converted. Potassium hydroxide is preferred as the alkali component, since it has been shown that potassium salt cleaners compared to sodium salt cleaners Cleaners have an improved cleaning effect and are easier to rinse out are. There is no plausible explanation for this empirical finding. So far the rest The use of potassium salts is added to detergent ingredients as alkali metal salts preferred for the same reason. However, it should be noted that in the context of the Invention the use of, for example, sodium salts is readily possible.
  • the alkali component is particularly preferably a relatively high-dose aqueous Solution with a total alkalinity in the range 30-50%.
  • a pre-cleaner solution with a relatively high proportion of alkali spray on the dishes.
  • Chelating agents are preferably used as complexing agents.
  • all substances which can form chelate coordination compounds with metals in particular alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium) are.
  • metals in particular alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium.
  • the use of at least four-toothed ligants is preferred, further preferred are six-toothed ligands as chelating agents.
  • Well-suited chelating agents are: NTA; EDTA; Gluconic acid; Phosphonic acids; N- (2-hydroxyethyl) iminodiacetic acid; 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid; Citric acid; Malic acid; Tartaric acid, lactic acid; O-carboxymethyl tartronic acid; O-carboxymethyloxy succinic acid; Salts of the aforesaid substances.
  • the list of components made in claim 1 is the final cleaning solution.
  • a surfactant component and / or an oxidation component be dosed.
  • surfactant component means any substances containing surfactants.
  • Surfactants in the sense of the invention are all substances that affect the interfacial tension can lower an aqueous solution. They are anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants can be used. Suitable surfactants are in Römpps Chemielexikon, 9th edition, vol. 6, pp. 4495 ff, under the keyword “Tenside” and in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed., Vol.
  • Nonionic or amphoteric surfactants can preferably be used, for example surfactants from the class of fatty alkoxylates and N-alkylaminocarboxylates.
  • the surfactant additive sets the surface tension of the pre-cleaner solution and improves and speeds up cleaning through faster infiltration and removal of dirt deposits as well by emulsification in the wash liquor during subsequent main cleaning.
  • the surfactant additive can, in particular, clean rough surfaces (e.g. used Plastic dishes) improve the penetrability of the pre-cleaner solution is improved in the roughened plastic surface.
  • An oxidation component in the sense of the invention is any component that at least has an oxidizing effect on parts of the dirty dishes.
  • active chlorine-containing compounds such as Chlorite, hypochlorite and compounds containing active oxygen, such as hydrogen peroxide solutions, Peracids or their salts called.
  • the alkali component and / or the complexing agent can also be others Components included.
  • examples include phosphonic acids or their salts, which can be part of the alkali component, for example, and accordingly the preparation of the pre-cleaner solution can be metered in together with this.
  • Usable Examples of phosphonic acids are phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid; Aminotrismethylenephosphonic acid, their homologues based on ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine or hexamethylenediamine; Hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid. The is preferred Use of phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid or its potassium salt.
  • the total alkalinity of the sprayed pre-cleaner solution is 0.5-3%.
  • the share of Complexing agent in the sprayed-on pre-cleaner solution is preferably 0.05-5%, more preferably 0.05-3%, more preferably 0.1-2%.
  • the addition of a separate main cleaner is not used for main cleaning may be necessary because the pre-cleaner components rinsed off the dishes during the main cleaning dissolve in the wash liquor and have a sufficient cleaning effect unfold.
  • the complexing agent separately metered in according to the invention provides during of main cleaning to ensure that any remaining hardness in the wash liquor is complexed and does not form unwanted deposits or deposits.
  • the addition of a separate main cleaner during the main cleaner step possible.
  • the components alkali component and complexing agent for dosing into the pre-cleaner solution were produced according to the following recipe: 40 parts by weight of NaOH and 1.5 parts by weight of phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid sodium salt were dissolved in 58.5 parts by weight of water.
  • nitrilotriacetic acid sodium salt 40 parts by weight of nitrilotriacetic acid sodium salt are used to produce the complexing agent component dissolved in 60 parts by weight of water.
  • a conveyor belt dishwasher with three Stierlen-BTM type 5000 tanks were used.
  • the machine was softened Hamburg city water (residual hardness ⁇ 1 ° dH) fed.
  • the amount of water in the machine was 300 l, the amount of rinse water was 600 l / h.
  • a spray system for spraying the pre-cleaner solution with a throughput 20 l / h was operated.
  • the dwell times of the dishes in the pre-wash or in front of the spray system The pre-clearing area was 10 s, in the spray area 5 s, in the subsequent main cleaning area 1 - 1.5 min.
  • the temperatures in the pre-clearing area were 45 up to 50 ° C, in the two main cleaning tanks 50 to 55 (first tank) or 55 to 60 ° C (second tank), the temperature in the rinse tank was 75 - 85 ° C.
  • the fill water quantity of 300 I filled in before starting up the machine was included 96 g of complexing agent component (0.23 g / l) and 450 g of alkali component (1.5 g / l) were added.
  • a test soil from tea tannins on coffee or tea dishes could be used with the specified parameters are completely removed.
  • This procedure corresponds the technical teaching of the prior art according to DE-A-43 39 503.
  • To achieve the same cleaning effect complete removal of the test stain from tea tannins was an increase in the supply of alkali component via the pre-spray solution to a total of 1,080 g / h required.
  • the consumption of alkali components was thus 20% higher, the concentration of the alkali component in the wash liquor had to be increased from 1.5 g / l to 1.8 g / l.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de lavage de vaisselle, comportant les étapes suivantes :
    a) prélavage par pulvérisation d'une solution de prélavage,
    b) lavage principal,
    c) rinçage,
    caractérisé en ce que la solution de prélavage contient les constituants suivants dosés séparément :
    au moins un composant alcalin,
    au moins un agent complexant.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le composant alcalin contient de 5 à 50 % en poids, de préférence de 10 à 40 % en poids d'alcalinité totale calculée comme étant NaOH.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'agent complexant est ajouté de manière dosée en une quantité qui dépend de la dureté de l'eau utilisée.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un agent de chélation comme agent complexant.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'agent de chélation est choisi dans le groupe constitué de :
    NTA ; EDTA ; acide gluconique ; acides phosphoniques ; acide N-(2-hydroxyéthyl)iminodiacétique ; acide 1,2,3,4-cyclopentatétracarbonique ; acide citrique ; acide malique ; acide tartrique ; acide lactique ; acide O-carboxyméthyltartronique ; acide O-carboxyméthyloxysuccinique ; sels des substances précitées.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute en plus dans la solution de prélavage, de manière dosée, au moins l'un des constituants suivants :
    un composant tensioactif,
    un composant d'oxydation.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le composant d'oxydation contient au moins un composé contenant du chlore actif.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le composant d'oxydation contient au moins un composé contenant de l'oxygène actif.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'alcalinité totale de la solution de prélavage pulvérisée est de 0,1 à 5 % en poids, de préférence de 0,2 à 4 % en poids, de préférence encore de 0,5 à 3 % en poids.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la proportion du ou des agents complexants dans la solution de prélavage pulvérisée est de 0,05 à 5 % en poids, de préférence de 0,05 à 3 % en poids, de préférence encore de 0,1 à 2 % en poids.
EP97103898A 1996-05-24 1997-03-07 Procédé pour le nettoyage de la vaisselle Revoked EP0808894B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19621053A DE19621053A1 (de) 1996-05-24 1996-05-24 Verfahren zum Reinigen von Geschirr
DE19621053 1996-05-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0808894A1 EP0808894A1 (fr) 1997-11-26
EP0808894B1 true EP0808894B1 (fr) 2001-10-17

Family

ID=7795284

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97103898A Revoked EP0808894B1 (fr) 1996-05-24 1997-03-07 Procédé pour le nettoyage de la vaisselle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0808894B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE207107T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19621053A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007059030A1 (de) 2007-12-06 2009-06-10 Premark Feg L.L.C., Wilmington Geschirrspülmaschine und Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb
DE102007062953A1 (de) 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 Premark Feg L.L.C., Wilmington Geschirrspülmaschine in Form eines Programmautomaten und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
DE102008028304A1 (de) 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Premark Feg L.L.C., Wilmington Transportspülmaschine, insbesondere gewerbliche Korbtransportspülmaschine, und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

Families Citing this family (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10127919A1 (de) * 2001-06-08 2002-12-19 Ecolab Gmbh & Co Ohg Reinigungsverfahren zur Stärkeentfernung
ES2290211T3 (es) * 2002-03-18 2008-02-16 CHEMISCHE FABRIK DR. WEIGERT GMBH & CO. KG. Procedimiento para la limpieza de la vajilla.
US8092613B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2012-01-10 Ecolab Usa Inc. Methods and compositions for the removal of starch
DE10360906A1 (de) * 2003-12-23 2005-07-28 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Geschirrspülmaschine zur Verwendung von Ozon
DE102004016821B4 (de) * 2004-04-01 2011-01-13 Rational Ag Verfahren zum Reinigen des Innenraums von Gargeräten und Gargerät zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens
EP1657297B1 (fr) 2004-11-15 2009-07-22 Chemische Fabrik Dr. Weigert GmbH & Co. KG. Procédé pour le nettoyage de la vaisselle
DE102009027160A1 (de) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Maschinelles Geschirrspülmittel
DE102009027162A1 (de) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Maschinelles Geschirrspülmittel
GB201016001D0 (en) * 2010-09-23 2010-11-10 Innospec Ltd Composition and method
ES2752079T3 (es) 2011-05-20 2020-04-02 Ecolab Usa Inc Formulaciones ácidas para uso en un sistema de lavado de utensilios
ES2750872T3 (es) 2011-12-13 2020-03-27 Ecolab Usa Inc Método de lavado de vajilla
DE102013225485A1 (de) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Reinigungskraftverstärker für maschinelle Geschirrspülmittel
GB201507289D0 (en) 2015-04-29 2015-06-10 Reckitt Benckiser Brands Ltd Method of cleaning tableware

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3645421A (en) * 1970-02-16 1972-02-29 American Dish Service Method of adding ingredients to a dishwashing medium
DE3707366A1 (de) * 1987-03-07 1988-09-15 Diversey Gmbh Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen oder diskontinuierlichen maschinellen reinigung von gebrauchsgeschirr
DE3832885A1 (de) * 1988-09-28 1990-04-05 Ifah Inst Fuer Angewandte Hygi Verfahren zum maschinellen reinigen, desinfizieren und klarspuelen von geschirr und dafuer geeignetes mittel
GB9205894D0 (en) * 1992-03-17 1992-04-29 Unilever Plc Detergent compositions
JPH09509073A (ja) * 1993-11-20 1997-09-16 ユニレフェール ナムローゼ フェンノートシャップ 機械皿洗い方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007059030A1 (de) 2007-12-06 2009-06-10 Premark Feg L.L.C., Wilmington Geschirrspülmaschine und Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb
DE102007062953A1 (de) 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 Premark Feg L.L.C., Wilmington Geschirrspülmaschine in Form eines Programmautomaten und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
DE102008028304A1 (de) 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Premark Feg L.L.C., Wilmington Transportspülmaschine, insbesondere gewerbliche Korbtransportspülmaschine, und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59704924D1 (de) 2001-11-22
DE19621053A1 (de) 1997-11-27
EP0808894A1 (fr) 1997-11-26
ATE207107T1 (de) 2001-11-15

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