EP0804684B1 - Compresseur - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0804684B1
EP0804684B1 EP95939216A EP95939216A EP0804684B1 EP 0804684 B1 EP0804684 B1 EP 0804684B1 EP 95939216 A EP95939216 A EP 95939216A EP 95939216 A EP95939216 A EP 95939216A EP 0804684 B1 EP0804684 B1 EP 0804684B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
compressor according
compressor
working medium
supply
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95939216A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0804684A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Baumgartner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
Original Assignee
Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH, Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH filed Critical Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
Publication of EP0804684A1 publication Critical patent/EP0804684A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0804684B1 publication Critical patent/EP0804684B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/16Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/24Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type
    • F02B75/246Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type with only one crankshaft of the "pancake" type, e.g. pairs of connecting rods attached to common crankshaft bearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B9/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
    • F01B9/02Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
    • F01B9/026Rigid connections between piston and rod; Oscillating pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00Multi-stage pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/02Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0016Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons with valve arranged in the piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/04Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid
    • F04B39/041Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid sealing for a reciprocating rod
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/126Cylinder liners
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18248Crank and slide
    • Y10T74/18256Slidable connections [e.g., scotch yoke]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compressor for the compression of a working medium, in particular for production of compressed air, with at least one in a work area reciprocating piston to compress the Working medium, a drive device for reciprocation of the piston and with a feed device and a discharge device for supplying or removing the working medium, a crank loop drive being provided as the drive device.
  • Compressible substances such as gases are used as working media or vapors are used in conventional compressors mostly air is compressed. This compressed air is e.g. in trucks as a means of transmission in braking devices used.
  • the conventional plunger compressors with crank-connecting rod drive therefore require a considerable constructive Effort, a variety of components and a large one Space requirements. Furthermore, e.g. a change of location of the Inlet connection usually a complete constructive redesign of the compressor, since the piping of the inlet and the outlet pipes and the cooling pipes precisely matched due to the heat development have to be.
  • crank loop drives to use for internal combustion engines. So shows e.g. DE 32 18 311 C2 a crank loop drive, especially for a two-stroke internal combustion engine is provided which is operational even without oil lubrication is. Furthermore, DE 34 47 663 A1 describes a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine known in the implementation in a rotary motion by means of a crank loop drive he follows. Another embodiment of such a crank loop drive is described in DE 43 07 205 A1. Regarding the exact functional principle and regarding the operation of the crank loop drive can therefore full reference to the publications mentioned become.
  • crank loop drive offers the advantage that that the rotary motion of a crankshaft in a purely longitudinal motion the piston is converted. This enables one secure sealing of the sliding surface between the piston skirt and the bearing in the compressor block. If appropriate the teaching of DE-A-2 033 820, FR-A-364091 or BE-A-861533 a crank loop drive is provided as the drive device of the compressor, can be ensured that the work area opposite the crankcase is always adequately sealed, which has the decisive advantage that the work space used on both sides of the piston for the compression process and that no oil particles get into the work area can.
  • the object of the invention is to create a compressor in which the working space can be sealed in a simple manner.
  • the invention solves this problem by the subject matter of claim 1.
  • the workspace can be specified in claim 2 Development of the invention on both sides of the piston on the one hand as a pre-compression space and on the other hand as Serve the main compression space, i.e. the piston movement can e.g. serve as an ejection movement and at the same time for suction of still uncompressed working fluid on the rear of the piston.
  • the compression energy introduced into the dead volume is therefore not lost and therefore enables a significant higher efficiency or delivery rate.
  • a such an arrangement can e.g. the degree of delivery versus 55% with a conventional series compressor to 80% with Raise the crank loop compressor with pre-compression.
  • the degree of delivery is in the arrangement according to the invention determined by the volume of the pre-compression space.
  • the dead volume occurring here is due to the lower Pressure of less importance because the back-expanding Damage volume is not as extensive.
  • the working medium in the precompression room is almost completely in the Main compression space transferred and what occurs there Dead volume restores the energy introduced into it Support for the return movement of the piston and thus for the pre-compression.
  • An annular feed groove directed towards the work area according to the training specified in claim 5 the invention enables a uniform inflow of sucked in working medium in the precompression room.
  • the disc-shaped piston according to claim 7 is preferred with a large number of openings or through holes is formed, it is possible on overflow channels in the cylinder head.
  • the working medium can by the openings in the piston from the pre-compression chamber directly in be transferred to the main compression room. The constructive This reduces the effort for the cylinder head essential. Furthermore, the openings reduce the weight of the piston, which increases the size of the moving mass is lower.
  • the piston according to claim 9 at its openings preferably has a valve device allows overflow of the working medium and thereby but at the same time the pre-compression space from the main compression space be separated.
  • the working medium can only be in flow into the main compression space while the opposite direction is blocked.
  • Another advantage is that according to the claim 10 specified development of the invention by a crank loop drive without much effort two opposing ones Pistons can be driven. So it is possible with a simple construction a double compression cylinder to create and significantly increase performance.
  • This design also has the advantage that with only a few other parts e.g. a 2-, 4- or 8-cylinder version of the compressor is made possible.
  • the compressor can thus to corresponding performance requirements without major Effort to be adjusted.
  • crank loop drive allows a low one Piston speed, which enables dry running becomes. Furthermore, only small masses are moved and it there are only slight fluctuations in tangential force, which is why the strength requirements for the structure reduce.
  • the simple structure with only a few components of the compressor according to the invention allows inexpensive and easy manufacture and assembly. Like the installation space comparison with conventional compressors can also achieved a compact design with small dimensions become. Furthermore, a flexible redesign, e.g. of the Inlet device, according to the conditions of the site possible without great design effort.
  • a compressor 1 has a compressor block 2, a crank loop drive 3 and two cylinder heads 4 on.
  • the compressor block 2 has as a feed device for the working medium (namely air) an inlet pipe sleeve 5 and an inlet line system 6, and as a discharge device for the compressed or compressed working medium an outlet pipe sleeve 7 and an outlet pipe system 8; further an inner cavity 9 is provided.
  • working medium namely air
  • inlet pipe sleeve 5 and an inlet line system 6 and as a discharge device for the compressed or compressed working medium an outlet pipe sleeve 7 and an outlet pipe system 8; further an inner cavity 9 is provided.
  • the crank loop drive is in the inner cavity 9 of the compressor block 2 3 housed.
  • This has one Crank loop frame 10 on which a backdrop 11 is formed is.
  • a sliding block 12 is placed in the backdrop 11 guided.
  • the sliding block 12 is eccentrically guided on a crankshaft crank pin 13 and thus transforms e.g. through the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine a rotary motion applied to a truck in a longitudinal movement of the crank loop frame 10 around.
  • crank loop frame 10 Piston 14 attached. These lie on one axis and face each other. As a drive, a crank loop is used, the two pistons 14 lead one linear float out.
  • each of the cylinder heads 4 there is a working space 15 and an outlet duct 16 are formed.
  • a liner 17 In the work room 15 is a liner 17 attached.
  • valve lamellae are arranged such that they only one direction of flow into the working space 15 allow.
  • the piston 14 then reverses its direction of movement and moves onto the annular feed groove 6a of the inlet pipe system 6 to.
  • the valve plate 18 attached there prevents the air from flowing back. This will be pre-compressed and flows through openings 19 in the piston 14 and a valve device arranged behind it 20 in the resulting on the other side of the piston Working space.
  • the centers of the openings 19 are on the same radius around the center of the disc-shaped Piston 14 arranged and evenly distributed thereon.
  • the extent of the delivery quantity of the compressor 1 is determined by the amount of the in the 1st stage, the pre-compression stage, aspirated working medium determined. Because the working medium that is not so highly compressed at this stage Back expansion share from the dead spaces less. The order receives a much higher degree of delivery.
  • the valve plate 21 has such a bias on that they only at a certain, preset Pressure opens.
  • the compressed Air is finally expelled into the outlet duct 16 and flows through the discharge line system 8 of the compressor block 2 through the outlet pipe sleeve 7 as compressed air (Compressed air).
  • Precompaction is then carried out again during the return stroke Air through openings 19 and valve device 20 of the piston 14 inserted into the work space.
  • a second Compressors of the same type connected e.g. a 4-cylinder star arrangement are formed. From two to the Drive shaft connected 4-cylinder compressors can be used 8-cylinder compressors are trained and other possible combinations are always open. An individual Adaptation to the respective performance requirements thus possible without much effort.
  • the simple design of the compressor enables also an adaptation to individual circumstances without big design changes.
  • Another arrangement e.g. the inlet or outlet device can be easily be performed.
  • the crank loop drive 3 also has coated Backdrops 11, the dry running of the backdrop stone 12 enable.
  • pistons 30 become immediate through an off-center on a crankshaft that only is indicated indicated, mounted crank pin 33 driven.
  • Piston shaft 31 formed sliding surface 32 as a counter surface for the crank pin 33.
  • a backdrop and a sliding block are not necessary here.
  • the piston skirt 31 is in the area the sliding surface 32 formed such that a spring 34 can clamp the piston 30 against the crank pin 33. This also guarantees the piston return movement.
  • the remaining parts, in particular the compression section and the cylinders correspond to those of the first embodiment, so that reference is made to this.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Compresseur (1) pour la compression d'un fluide de travail, en particulier pour la production d'air comprimé, comportant au moins un piston (14) déplaçable selon un mouvement de va-et-vient dans une chambre de travail (15) pour comprimer le fluide de travail, un dispositif d'entraínement destiné à déplacer le piston (14) selon un mouvement de va-et-vient, ainsi qu'un dispositif d'amenée et un dispositif d'évacuation, respectivement pour l'amenée et pour l'évacuation du fluide de travail, un mécanisme à manivelle et coulisse (3) étant alors prévu comme dispositif d'entraínement,
       caractérisé en ce que
       le piston (14) glisse dans une boíte de glissement (17), qui est réalisée sous forme d'une pièce emboutie et d'un seul tenant avec un plateau de soupape (21).
  2. Compresseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de travail (15) est divisée en une chambre de pré-compression et une chambre de compression principale par le piston (14) déplaçable selon un mouvement de va-et-vient.
  3. Compresseur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de pré-compression et la chambre de compression principale ne comportent respectivement qu'un dispositif formant soupape pour l'amenée et pour l'évacuation du fluide de travail.
  4. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amenée et le dispositif d'évacuation sont disposés, lorsque l'on regarde dans la direction de déplacement du piston (14), sur des côtés opposés du piston (14) du mécanisme à manivelle et coulisse (3).
  5. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amenée est réalisé sous forme d'un système de conduits d'admission (6) situé dans un bâti (2) du compresseur, le système de conduits d'admission (6) étant alors pourvu d'une rainure d'amenée annulaire (6a) dirigée vers la chambre de travail.
  6. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le piston (14) est réalisé sous la forme d'un disque circulaire.
  7. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que dans le piston (14), sont réalisées de multiples ouvertures (19) s'étendant en direction axiale.
  8. Compresseur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les centres des ouvertures (19) sont situés sur le même rayon autour du centre du piston (14) et sont uniformément répartis sur le piston (14).
  9. Compresseur selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le piston (14) est muni d'un ensemble de soupapes (20) disposé au niveau des ouvertures (19).
  10. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme à manivelle et coulisse (3) actionne un double cylindre de compression comportant deux pistons (14) à mouvements de sens opposés.
  11. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le compresseur est conçu selon un principe modulaire, par exemple dans une version à 2, 4 ou 8 cylindres.
EP95939216A 1995-01-17 1995-12-01 Compresseur Expired - Lifetime EP0804684B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19501220A DE19501220A1 (de) 1995-01-17 1995-01-17 Verdichter
DE19501220 1995-01-17
PCT/DE1995/001706 WO1996022464A1 (fr) 1995-01-17 1995-12-01 Compresseur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0804684A1 EP0804684A1 (fr) 1997-11-05
EP0804684B1 true EP0804684B1 (fr) 1999-03-10

Family

ID=7751660

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95939216A Expired - Lifetime EP0804684B1 (fr) 1995-01-17 1995-12-01 Compresseur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5879145A (fr)
EP (1) EP0804684B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19501220A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996022464A1 (fr)

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DE19706066A1 (de) * 1997-02-17 1997-11-20 Hans Dipl Ing Unger Kompressor, insbesondere für die Drucklufterzeugung in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE19739662A1 (de) * 1997-09-10 1999-03-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ventilanordnung in einem Kolbenverdichter
DE19755771A1 (de) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-24 Ludwig Wagenseil Verbrennungskraftstoff betriebene Hydropumpe
US6663361B2 (en) * 2000-04-04 2003-12-16 Baker Hughes Incorporated Subsea chemical injection pump
AU2002306130A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-19 Xiufeng Gao Yoke mechanism for compressor
US7393186B2 (en) * 2002-05-31 2008-07-01 Lg Electronics Inc. Multi-stage compressor
US6832900B2 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-12-21 Thomas Industries Inc. Piston mounting and balancing system
KR20050066322A (ko) * 2003-12-26 2005-06-30 삼성전자주식회사 압축기
ITVI20040051A1 (it) * 2004-03-12 2004-06-12 Gentilin Srl Compressore volumetrico alternativo
US20060045749A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-03-02 Powermate Corporation Air compressor utilizing an electronic control system
US7481627B2 (en) * 2004-08-30 2009-01-27 Mat Industries Llc Air compressor tools that communicate with an air compressor
US20060045751A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-03-02 Powermate Corporation Air compressor with variable speed motor
DE102004061233B3 (de) * 2004-12-20 2006-07-13 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Trockenlaufender Verdichter, insbesondere Taumelscheibenverdichter, mit einer Kolbenstangenlagerung
US7475627B2 (en) * 2005-09-27 2009-01-13 Ragain Air Compressors, Inc. Rotary to reciprocal power transfer device
DE102006007743B4 (de) * 2006-02-20 2016-03-17 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Hubkolbenverdichter mit berührungsloser Spaltdichtung
US8328538B2 (en) * 2007-07-11 2012-12-11 Gast Manufacturing, Inc., A Unit Of Idex Corporation Balanced dual rocking piston pumps
CN101963145B (zh) * 2010-11-04 2013-04-10 浙江鸿友压缩机制造有限公司 一种空气压缩机润滑装置
US9856866B2 (en) 2011-01-28 2018-01-02 Wabtec Holding Corp. Oil-free air compressor for rail vehicles
CN102777343B (zh) * 2012-06-20 2015-03-04 杭州海胜制冷设备有限公司 单驱动多缸压缩机结构
CN104728080B (zh) * 2015-03-28 2016-03-23 孙万春 大推力对置式往复泵
WO2018132591A1 (fr) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-19 Bristol Compressors International, Llc Compresseur de fluide
WO2019075686A1 (fr) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-25 冠翔(香港)工业有限公司 Cylindre de compresseur d'air, compresseur d'air, siège de véhicule, et véhicule
CN114109771A (zh) * 2021-10-25 2022-03-01 浙江鸿音机电科技有限公司 一种往复活塞式压缩机
US11913441B2 (en) * 2021-12-29 2024-02-27 Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc Air compressor system having a hollow piston forming an interior space and a check valve in a piston crown allowing air to exit the interior space
CN115263723B (zh) * 2022-08-25 2024-01-30 瑞立集团瑞安汽车零部件有限公司 缸体、空气压缩机和商用车

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DE2033820C3 (de) * 1970-07-08 1975-05-15 Patrick Joseph Dublin Walls Brennkraftmaschine
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US5252045A (en) * 1990-05-11 1993-10-12 Toyo Engineering Corporation Dual piston reciprocating vacuum pump
DE69425907T2 (de) * 1994-04-11 2001-04-12 Giovanni Cefis Tauchpumpe mit doppelexzentem angetriebenem,koaxial gegenüberliegenden kolben

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19501220A1 (de) 1996-07-18
EP0804684A1 (fr) 1997-11-05
US5879145A (en) 1999-03-09
DE59505338D1 (de) 1999-04-15
WO1996022464A1 (fr) 1996-07-25

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