EP0804643B1 - Wasserenthaltende polyamidpulpen und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents

Wasserenthaltende polyamidpulpen und verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0804643B1
EP0804643B1 EP95919349A EP95919349A EP0804643B1 EP 0804643 B1 EP0804643 B1 EP 0804643B1 EP 95919349 A EP95919349 A EP 95919349A EP 95919349 A EP95919349 A EP 95919349A EP 0804643 B1 EP0804643 B1 EP 0804643B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulp
water
epoxy resin
aromatic polyamide
emulsion
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95919349A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0804643A2 (de
Inventor
Kosaku Asagi
Toshiharu Yamabayashi
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Akzo Nobel NV
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Akzo Nobel NV
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0804643A2 publication Critical patent/EP0804643A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0804643B1 publication Critical patent/EP0804643B1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/693—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural or synthetic rubber, or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/26—Polyamides; Polyimides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/47—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
    • D21H17/48—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/52—Epoxy resins

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a surface-treated, water-containing aromatic polyamide pulp (aromatic polyamide is referred to hereinafter as aramid in some cases) and to a process for producing the same. More particularly, it relates to a water-containing aromatic polyamide pulp which is easy to handle when used in beater sheet and which gives excellent mechanical characteristics, and to a process for producing the same.
  • the fibers to be treated are long fibers of aromatic polyamide in the form of yarns, cords and the like which are used in hoses, transmission belts, conveyor belts and tires, and there have heretofore been known substantially no methods for treating an aromatic polyamide pulp for increasing the adhesiveness thereof to a rubber.
  • a water-containing aromatic polyamide pulp which has been surface-treated with an epoxy resin and a resorcinol formaldehyde latex rubber, and which has a water content of 30 to 95% by weight.
  • This invention further provides a process for producing the water-containing aromatic polyamide pulp mentioned above, which comprises a step of dispersing an aromatic polyamide pulp in an aqueous epoxy resin emulsion, a step of mixing the resulting aqueous dispersion with a resorcinol-formaldehyde latex rubber and a component instabilizing the resorcinol-formaldehyde latex rubber and a step of removing the excessive water.
  • the aramid, or aromatic polyamide, used in this invention is such that at least 85 mole % of the amide bonds are obtained from aromatic ring diamine components and aromatic ring dicarboxylic acid components.
  • polyparaphenylene terephthalamide polymetaphenylene terephthalamide, polyparabenzamide, poly-4,4'-diaminobenzanilide, polyparaphenylene-2,6-naphthalic amide, copolyparaphenylene/4,4'-(3,3'-dimethylbiphenylene) terephthalamide, copolyparaphenylene/2,5-pyridylene terephthalamide, polyorthophenylenephthalamide, polymetaphenylene phthalamide, polyparaphenylene phthalamide, polyorthophenylene isophthalamide, polymetaphenylene isophthalamide, polyparaphenylene isophthalamide, polyorthophenylene isophthalamide, poly-1,5-naphthalene phthalamide, poly 4,4'-diphenylene orthophthalamide, poly-4,4'-diphenylene isophthalamide, poly-1,4-naphthalene phthalamide, poly 1,4-naphthal
  • aramid pulp used herein means highly fibrillated aramid fibers having a specific surface area of, preferably, 3 to 25 m 2 /g as measured by the BET method and a freeness of, preferably, 40 to 700 ml as measured by the Canadian standard method of JIS P8121 "Method of Testing Freeness of Pulp".
  • the method of producing the aramid pulp is not critical and there can be used, for example, the method disclosed in JP-B-59-603, JP-A-2-200,809.
  • the epoxy resin for producing the aqueous epoxy resin emulsion used in this invention is not critical and may be any epoxy resin which can achieve the purpose of this invention.
  • Bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resins such as Sumiepoxy ELA-128 (trade name of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.); bisphenol A type solid epoxy resins such as Sumiepoxy ELA-012 (same as above); orthocresol novolak type epoxy resins such as Sumiepoxy ESCN-220 (same as above); triglycidyl amine type epoxy resins such as Sumiepoxy EL-120 (same as above); and tetraglycidyl amine type epoxy resins such as Sumiepoxy EL-434 (same as above); etc.
  • the tetrafunctional tetra glycidyl amine type epoxy resins are preferred in respect of enhancing the adhesiveness.
  • the epoxy equivalents of the above epoxy resins are preferably 1,000 g/eq. or less. When it is more than 1,000 g/eq., sufficient adhesiveness is not obtained.
  • an aqueous epoxy resin emulsion (referred to hereinafter as merely the epoxy emulsion in some cases) is obtained by dispersing an epoxy resin in water by high speed stirring in the presence of a nonionc surface active agent such as an ether compound of polyoxyethylene and a higher aliphatic alcohol.
  • the epoxy resin/surface active agent composition ratio (by weight) is varied depending upon the kinds of epoxy resin and surface active agent; however, it is preferably selected from the range of from 97/3 to 70/30 from the viewpoint of stability of emulsion and adhesiveness.
  • a commercially available epoxy emulsion which is an emulsion of an epoxy resin, such as ANS-1001 or ANS-1006 (these are trade names of Takemoto Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.).
  • an emulsion of the epoxy resin whose glycidyl groups have been partially hydrolyzed into glycol groups there can be used a method by which an epoxy resin which has been hydrolyzed by a general method is used as the starting material to prepare an emulsion dispersion.
  • an epoxy resin which has been hydrolyzed by a general method is used as the starting material to prepare an emulsion dispersion.
  • the hydrolysis of the emulsion can be carried out by various methods depending upon the type of emulsion; however, it is the simplest method to heat-treat the emulsion as it is.
  • the hydrolysis is effected for ring-opening a part of the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin into glycols; however, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 20% but less than 99%, of the originally existing epoxy groups are hydrolyzed.
  • the hydrolysis is insufficient, the adsorption of the resin on the pulp becomes insufficient and when the hydrolysis is excessive, performances of the treated pulp such as adhesiveness to latex rubber are deteriorated.
  • Suitable hydrolysis conditions are varied depending upon the kinds, compositions and concentrations of the epoxy resin and surface active agent; however, in the case of, for example, a nonionic emulsion of Sumiepoxy EL-434 which is a tetraglycidylamine type epoxy resin or ANS-1006, hydrolysis is effected as follows: This emulsion is subjected to heat-treatment at a temperature of 65°C for 130 hours to obtain an emulsion of an epoxy resin, the objective glycidyl groups of which have been partially hydrolyzed into glycol groups. By this treatment, the epoxy equivalent is increased from about 120 g/eq. to about 240 g/eq. In this case, the reaction conversion becomes 50%. A similar effect can also be obtained by allowing the emulsion to stand at room temperature for 3 to 6 months. Furthermore, the reaction can be accelerated with a catalyst such as an acid, a base or an amine.
  • a catalyst such as an acid, a base or an amine.
  • the step of dispering the aromatic polyamide pulp in the aqueous epoxy resin emulsion is carried out.
  • the aramid pulp is treated with an epoxy emulsion, preferably the above-mentioned emulsion of an epoxy resin whose glycidyl groups have been partially hydrolyzed, to adhere the epoxy resin to the surface of the aramid pulp.
  • the treating method is not critical; however, for example, the following method can be carried out.
  • WO-A-94/05854 is referred to.
  • the aramid pulp is first dispersed in water to such an extent that a sufficient fluidity is given.
  • the suitable concentration of the aramid pulp in the dispersion is varied depending upon the specific surface area and freeness of the pulp used; however, it is preferably selected from the range of 0.2 to 5% by weight.
  • a general propeller stirrer can be utilized.
  • the predetermined amount of the epoxy emulsion preferably the above-mentioned emulsion of an epoxy resin whose glycidyl groups have been partially hydrolyzed, is.dropped into the dispersion.
  • the amount of the emulsion dropped is adjusted so that the amount of the epoxy resin adhered to the pulp becomes preferably 0.3 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the absolute dry pulp.
  • the adhesion of the epoxy resin to the surface of the pulp starts simultaneously with the dropwise addition of the emulsion.
  • the stirring is continued as it is for 5 to 30 minutes to allow the epoxy resin to sufficiently adhere on the surface of the pulp. According to the process of this invention, only the above treatment allows about 100% of the epoxy resin to adhere to the surface of the aramid pulp.
  • the step of mixing the aqueous dispersion of the aromatic polyamide pulp surface-treated with an epoxy resin with the resorcinol-formaldehyde latex rubber and a component instabilizing the resorcinol-formaldehyde latex rubber is carried out.
  • the latex rubber is instabilized to allow the rubber component to adhere to the aromatic polyamide pulp.
  • the condensation product of resorcinol with formaldehyde is water-soluble, and hence, it is difficult to allow the whole of the desired amount of the condensation product to adhere to the pulp without heating and drying treatments.
  • the present inventors have found that when RFL prepared by mixing and ageing the latex rubber and the resorcinol-formaldehyde condensation product is used, substantially the whole amount of the RFL added can be allowed to adhere to the pulp by instabilizing the latex rubber.
  • the method of instabilizing the latex rubber comprises, when the rubber latex is anionic latex rubber, acidifying the system, or adding a cation to lower the ion potential, thereby coagulating the latex rubber.
  • the system is alkalified, or an anion is added to the latex rubber.
  • the time at which the system is alkalified or acidified or a cation or an anion is added may be either before or after the RFL is added.
  • the component instabilizing the latex rubber is specifically explained below.
  • an inorganic acid or an organic acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid or oxalic acid may be added, or a salt such as aluminum sulfate, copper sulfate, iron trichloride, calcium chloride or aluminum chloride may also be added to instabilize the latex rubber.
  • Aluminumsulfate and polyvalent metal salts are easily handled and have a large coagulation activity on the latex rubber, so that the adhesion of RFL to the pulp is relatively easy.
  • bases such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide and salts such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate and sodium acetate can be used to instabilize the latex rubber.
  • the mole ratio of the resorcinol to formaldehyde in the RFL is preferably in the range of from 1:0.1 to 1:8, more preferably from 1:0.5 to 1:4. It is also effective to use an initial condensation product obtained by reacting resorcinol with formaldehyde at the desired feed ratio in the presence of a basic catalyst or an acidic catalyst, and the initial condensation product may be used as it is or after reaction with formaldehyde.
  • the initial condensation product there may be used compounds derived from halogenated phenols, formaldehyde and phenol derivatives; compounds derived from polyhydric phenols and sulfur chloride; etc. may be used, and a mixture of two or more of them may also be used.
  • the solid weight ratio of the resorcinol formaldehyde condensation product to the latex rubber is preferably in the range of from 1:0.1 to 1:10, more preferably from 1:0.5 to 1:4.
  • the solid weight ratio is more than 1:0.1, the amount of the latex rubber becomes too small to allow RFL to adhere sufficiently to the pulp.
  • the solid weight ratio is less than 1:10, the amount of the latex rubber becomes too large to obtain a sufficient mechanical strength when the pulp is used in a beater sheet.
  • the latex rubber used in the treatment with RFL may be the same type as the latex rubber used in the beater sheet, or a mixture thereof with other types of latex rubber such as acrylonitrile-butadiene latex rubber (NBR latex), styrene-butadiene latex rubber (SBR latex) may be used to obtain a sufficient adhesiveness.
  • NBR latex acrylonitrile-butadiene latex rubber
  • SBR latex styrene-butadiene latex rubber
  • the amount of RFL adhered to the pulp is preferably less than 20% by weight, more preferably 3 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the pulp.
  • the amount is 20% by weight or more, the dispersibility of the pulp has a tendency to deteriorate, and then the amount is less than 3% by weight, the mechanical strength of the beater sheet has a tendency to lower.
  • the method of removing water is not critical, and it is possible, for example, to filter the pulp in a conventional manner and then dehydrate the pulp so as to obtain the desired water content, thereby obtaining water-containing aramid pulp surface-treated with an epoxy resin and RFL.
  • the water content of the pulp is adjusted to fall within the range of from 30 to 95% by weight.
  • the water content is of from 40 to 90% by weight.
  • Water content [weight%] ⁇ (W 1 - W 2 )/W 1 ⁇ x 100
  • Controlling the water content to 30% by weight or less requires a high pressure and special operations such as heating and drying and hence is not economical. In addition, it follows that the dispersibility of the treated pulp is impaired. When the water content is 95% by weight, the water-containing pulp becomes heavy and hence the operability becomes bad. Also, said water content is not economical in the aspect of transportation. In the application to beater sheet, the above-mentioned water content range is preferred in respect of handling, dispersibility and economy.
  • NBR latex Latex Nipol 152 (trade name of Nippon Zeon Co., td.)] and 2.0 g of a curing agent [NC811 (a trade name of Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.)] with stirring by means of an agitator to adjust the total weight to 150 g was added to the pulp dispersion and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 minutes.
  • paper making was conducted in a conventional manner using a 25-cm square shaped sheeting machine (manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo K.K.) and a #80-mesh wire net, and thereafter, dried at 50°C for five hours to obtain a 25-cm square aramid/di-atomaceous earth/latex rubber composite paper having a basis weight of 400 g/m 2 .
  • the above sheet was press-molded at 105°C at 50 kg/cm 2 for 30 minutes to cure the sheet, thereby obtaining a beater sheet model.
  • test piece size JIS No. 1 dumbbell Gauge length: 70 mm
  • Crosshead speed 5 mn/min
  • the freeness of the water-containing aramid pulp was measured according to the Canadian standard method of JIS P8121 "Method of Testing Freeness of Pulp".
  • Twaron 1097 (a trade name of Nippon Aramid for polyparaphenylene terephthalamide pulp, specific surface area by the BET method: 6 m2/g, water content: 6% by weight) were dispersed into two liters of deionized water. While this dispersion was stirred, 5.86 g of.an epoxy emulsion which had been subjected to heat-treatment to hydrolyze the glycidyl groups [ANS 1006, a trade name of Takemoto Oil & Fat Co.,Ltd., WPE (epoxy equivalent): 288 g/eq.] were dropped into the dispersion in 30 seconds, and the stirring was continued at room temperature for 15 minutes.
  • ANS 1006 a trade name of Takemoto Oil & Fat Co.,Ltd., WPE (epoxy equivalent): 288 g/eq.
  • Resorcinol-formaldehyde initial condensate 6.15 g Formaldehyde (37% reagent) 2.71 g NBR latex rubber 63.59 g 0.1% Ammonia water 404.55 g
  • Example 1 In the treatment using the same starting materials as in Example 1 in the same amounts as in Example 1, the RFL was added after the addition of the epoxy emulsion, and subsequently, the aluminum sulfate was added to obtain a water-containing aramid pulp surface treated with the epoxy and the RFL. Performance of this water-containing aramid pulp was evaluated by the above-mentioned evaluation method to obtain the results shown in Table 1. The dispersibility in water and openability of this water-containing aramid pulp were good.
  • Untreated aramid pulp (Twaron 1097, water-content about 6% by weight) was used as it was, instead of the surface treated water-containing aramid pulp to evaluate the properties by the above-mentioned evaluation method to obtain the results shown in Table 2.
  • the water-containing aromatic polyamide pulp of this invention has good dispersibility in water and good openability and is excellent in wettability with and adhesion to a latex rubber added in the process for producing a beater sheet, so that a beater sheet having uniform quality and excellent mechanical strength can be produced.
  • Comp. Ex. 1 Comp. Ex. 2
  • Comp. Ex. 3 Pulp freeness (ml) 570 580 580 Amount of epoxy resin added (wt.%) 0 5 0 Amount of RFL added (wt.%) 0 0 10 Sheet tensile strength (kg/cm 2 ) 30 32 36

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Wasserhaltige aromatische Polyamidpulpe, die mit einem Epoxyharz und einem Resorcin/Formaldehyd-Latexkautschuk oberflächenbehandelt ist und einen Wassergehalt von 30 bis 95 Gew.% aufweist.
  2. Wasserhaltige aromatische Polyamidpulpe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Epoxyharz ein Epoxyharz ist, dessen Glycidylgruppen teilweise hydrolysiert worden sind.
  3. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wasserhaltigen aromatischen Polyamidpulpe nach Anspruch 1 mit den Schritten: Dispergieren einer aromatischen Polyamidpulpe in einer wässrige Epoxyharzemulsion,
    Vermischen der wässrigen Dispersion der aromatischen Polyamidpulpe mit einem Resorcin-Formaldehyd-Latexkautschuk und einer Komponente, die den Resorcin-Formaldehyd-Latexkautschuk instabilisiert, und Entfernung von überschüssigem Wasser.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Epoxyharz ein Epoxyharz ist, dessen Glycidylgruppen teilweise hydrolysiert sind.
EP95919349A 1994-04-28 1995-04-27 Wasserenthaltende polyamidpulpen und verfahren zu deren herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0804643B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9232294 1994-04-28
JP92322/94 1994-04-28
JP9232294 1994-04-28
PCT/EP1995/001605 WO1995030044A2 (en) 1994-04-28 1995-04-27 Water containing aromatic polyamide pulp and process for producing the same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0804643A2 EP0804643A2 (de) 1997-11-05
EP0804643B1 true EP0804643B1 (de) 1999-10-06

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EP95919349A Expired - Lifetime EP0804643B1 (de) 1994-04-28 1995-04-27 Wasserenthaltende polyamidpulpen und verfahren zu deren herstellung

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0804643B1 (de)
AU (1) AU2522495A (de)
DE (1) DE69512686T2 (de)
TW (1) TW385322B (de)
WO (1) WO1995030044A2 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI418107B (zh) * 2004-08-10 2013-12-01 Kansai Electric Power Co 動態電流切斷裝置及弧角裝置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20220125242A (ko) * 2020-01-08 2022-09-14 바스프 에스이 고무 강화용 코팅된 아라미드 펄프

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4510202A (en) * 1983-12-19 1985-04-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Adhesion activated aramid fiber
JPS61167089A (ja) * 1985-01-17 1986-07-28 株式会社ブリヂストン 芳香族ポリアミド繊維の処理方法
JPS63165583A (ja) * 1986-12-26 1988-07-08 旭化成株式会社 パラ系アラミド繊維の接着性改良法
US5137768A (en) * 1990-07-16 1992-08-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High shear modulus aramid honeycomb
WO1992007133A1 (fr) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-30 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Procede de production de fibre de polyamide aromatique utilisee comme renfort de caoutchouc
EP0540838B1 (de) * 1991-11-08 1995-12-13 Bakelite AG Bindemittelsysteme auf Basis von Epoxydharz-Phenolharz-Kombinationen
EP0658226B1 (de) * 1992-09-02 1997-03-19 Akzo Nobel N.V. Wasserhaltiges aromatisches polyamid-pulpe und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI418107B (zh) * 2004-08-10 2013-12-01 Kansai Electric Power Co 動態電流切斷裝置及弧角裝置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995030044A3 (en) 1995-12-21
AU2522495A (en) 1995-11-29
TW385322B (en) 2000-03-21
EP0804643A2 (de) 1997-11-05
DE69512686T2 (de) 2000-06-08
DE69512686D1 (de) 1999-11-11
WO1995030044A2 (en) 1995-11-09

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